新医改下提升妇幼保健院财务管理工作探析

新一轮医疗改革的推进对于医院财务管理工作提出了更高的要求.本文针对目前妇幼保健院在新医改下财务管理工作中存在的问题进行分析,提出了通过提升全面预算管理水平、加强成本管理工作、强化内部控制建设、完善财务绩效考核等方式来提升妇幼保健院财务管理工作水平.     

对信息化管理下医院财务内部控制的研究

财务内部控制是实现医院正常经营运作的重要保障,是医院在激烈市场竞争中的核心竞争力所在.伴随着电子信息化时代的来临,信息化管理也逐渐深入到医院财务管理模式,对于提高医院财务管理效率、提升医疗服务质量意义重大.本文对信息化管理下医院财务内部控制进行研究,期望能够减少医院经营成本,增强其综合竞争力.     

浅谈对企业成本管理的再认识

现代企业面临着激烈的市场竞争,企业管理需要更加关注成本管理,传统企业成本管理已经不能适应新环境对企业提出的新挑战和新要求,成本管理也必须更加日趋科学化。文章从对成本管理在企业经营管理中的地位和作用重新认识的方面谈起,说明现代成本管理的改善和加强企业经营管理的现实意义,同时重点从完善生产经营全过程的核算方面分析了提高企业成本管理的有效途径。     

加强成本核算管理 增强医院市场竞争力

目前，医院生存与发展的环境正面临着前所未有的巨大变化，医院逐步走向市场。随着我国市场经济和卫生改革的不断深入与发展，医院面临着激烈的市场竞争压力，医院管理者日益认识到加强内部管理的重要性和迫切性。因此，面对我国医疗市场日益激烈的竞争和卫生事业的快速发展态势，医院不能只是片面地追求收入，同样也要关注成本管理的发展趋势，只有通过对医院的成本核算与管理，不断降低医院的成本支出，才能提高医院的社会效益和经济效益。本文就当前医院成本核算存在的问题及对策进行了研究，以此增强医院在市场经济下的竞争能力。     

无锡市妇幼保健院

无锡市妇幼保健院创建干1950年,现已发展成为集医疗、保健、教学、科研、计划生育为一体的市级妇幼保健院。1990年被江苏省卫生厅列为苏南地区遗传医学诊断中心,1994年被国家卫生部授予“爱婴医院”,称号,2000年被中华预防医学会列为全国妇幼卫生管理培训基地,2003年被卫生部授予三级甲等妇幼保健院,同年成为南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院。医院坐落在无锡市中心,占地面积1.7万平方米,建筑面积4万多平方米。临床设有妇科、产科、新生儿科、计划生育四大科室,其中妇科、产科分别为省市级重点专科。拥有妇、产两个疑难疾病会诊中心及早产儿…     

我国医院的财务管理制度创新

在新形势下,医院在改革与发展过程中将面临着新的机遇和挑战,医疗卫生服务体系的所有制、管理机制呈现多元化格局.医院现行的管理体制和经营模式将受到冲击,面临着优胜劣汰的医疗市场竞争压力.本文对我国医院的财务管理制度创新进行了研究.     

刍议影响施工项目成本的因素及控制策略

随着市场经济的发展,施工企业面临着激烈的市场竞争,企业能否在市场竞争中立于不败之地,关键在于企业能否为社会提供质量高、工期短、造价低的施工产品.施工企业在工程施工中实行施工项目成本管理是企业生存和发展的基础和核心,在施工阶段搞好成本控制,达到增收节支的目的是项目经营活动中更为重要的环节,文章结合实际对施工阶段成本控制进行简述.     

如何加强对医院成本核算的管理

成本核算是医院成本管理的重要内容之一,随着医疗体制改革和医疗保险制度改革的深入,医院面临市场竞争的挑战和机遇,传统会计核算模式的弊端越来越不能适应新时期医院成本管理的需要。本文通过阐述医院成本核算管理中出现的问题,提出了加强医院成本核算管理的措施。     

践行“综合目标管理责任” 助推人力资源管理

文章从综合目标管理相关概述入手,分析了综合目标管理对妇幼保健院人力资源管理的意义,探析了综合目标管理责任的实施要求和实施效果,并提出了河源市妇幼保健院践行"综合目标管理责任"助推人力资源管理的策略。     

加强医院成本管理

医院实行成本管理是医院适应市场经济的必然趋势,也是医院进入市场,参与竞争的必然结果.在我国已经加入WTO,以及越来越多的私营医疗机构进入我国医疗市场的背景下,医院要运用科学的管理理论和管理方法,加强医院成本管理,提高医院的市场生存力和竞争力,使医院在经营运作过程中扬长避短在市场竞争中立于不败之地.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Simulating the Effect of Regulatory Systems in a Fishery, An Application to the French Driftnet Albacore Fleet

With a thin economic component, most bio-economic models of fisheries failto assess the effects of the regulation systems on firms. In order to analysethe short term consequences of different management schemes, a simulationmodel is applied to the French driftnet albacore fleet: licence allocation withdriftnet regulation, individual quotas, and individual transferable quotaswithout any input control. Vessel technology is estimated by using the datacollected, and groups of vessels are distinguished according to criteria ofperformance. We present the adjustment within firms and between groupsunder different scenarios (limited entry with and without driftnetregulation, individual quotas and individual transferable quotas allocation),and we compare their results in terms of quasi-rent value and otherindicators such as hake harvests or dolphin by-catches.     

Knowledge as a Path-Dependence Process

By following a new approach proposed by Cognitive and Neuroeconomics, this paper presents and extends that part of Hayek's theory concerning knowledge in path-dependent terms, and shows that this is a fertile theory, opening new lines of inquiry for contemporary economics. In his theory of knowledge Hayek shows that the dynamics of economic change is path-dependent, in a different and more profound way than in the rest of the path-dependent literature. This literature deals with an important controversy, which will be also discussed and its specific and original meaning will be highlighted. As it will emerge, knowledge as a path-dependent process is consistent with cognitive theories of perception and learning and it plays a more important role than is traditionally assumed. Path-dependence is in fact always present in the cognitive dimension of perception and in individual decision-making processes, as well as in the processes of organizational innovation, and even in the macro-dimension of institutional change. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.