Global press ad trends

Global press advertising expenditure totalled US$148 billion in 2000, which represents almost half of total global adspend (US$315 billion). In 2001 press advertising revenues fell sharply in real terms—by an estimated 9%—as global recession took its toll. A further marginal decline is expected to take place in 2002, but the press market is forecast to return to growth in 2003. While press adspend has shown steady growth overall over the last decade, its share of the total advertising market has been in decline.     

Global TV ad trends

Global television advertising expenditure totalled US$125 billion in 2000. This represents 40% of total global adspend (US$315 billion). Between 1988 and 2000, TV adspend grew faster than other forms of major media advertising. However in 2001 the medium suffered its steepest recorded decline. A recovery in 2002 in the US, the world's largest TV ad market, is expected.     

Advertising & the Internet

The year 1999 could be dubbed the ‘Year of the Internet’. The medium has generated more news and comment than almost any other topic and has become a key part of many people's working and leisure lives. This article looks at the data that has been produced concerning the spread of the Internet as a medium, the Internet as a vehicle of advertising and the amount of money spent by Internet-based companies on advertising in the traditional media. However, a warning is required regarding the statistics presented below. The Internet is a very new medium and there are few, if any, consistent measurements of any of the key data. As a consequence much of the data presented does not compare like with like. The figures on penetration and Internet adspend give only an indication of the actual number online or amount spent. They are more useful as indicators of the relative development of different national markets and the growth trends in these markets. Data as robust and reliable as the adspend data collected for the ‘traditional’ advertising media is still many months or even years away.     

Asian adspend: a review of its development & future prospects

Asian advertising markets have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. Adspend almost doubled between 1987 and 1996. The region contains markets at very different stages of development: Japanese adspend in 1996 was over US$36 billion—the second highest in the world—but in contrast adspend in Bangladesh was just US$4 million. The current economic difficulties will harm the advertising industry but Asia's vast potential remains and the outlook is bright.     

Regional advertising expenditure & media share

The latest survey of worldwide adspend shows continued growth in most markets in 1997. The emerging markets of eastern Europe performed best, but there were the first signs of the effects on advertising of the Asian economic crises.     

Advertising Spending Efficiency Among Top U.S. Advertisers from 1985 to 2012: Overspending or Smart Managing?

The current study tests two competing predictions of long-term adspend efficiency: the “overspending perspective” predicts continued high inefficiency, while the “smart manager perspective” predicts improved efficiency. Longitudinal analysis of efficiency among top 100 U.S. advertisers from 1985 to 2012 using data envelopment analysis reveals that inefficiency has increased over time. Approximately 61% of top advertisers are inefficiently using their ad dollars and are overspending by an average of 34%. Findings also indicate that the Internet, a medium highly praised and utilized for the amount and depth of consumer data it generates, has not impacted overall efficiency in any meaningful way.     

Gender Entrepreneurship and Global Marketing

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to redirect attention to the role of gender entrepreneurship in global marketing. The value of gender in global marketing through the use of words and behavior is discussed, which helps to integrate the disparate gender, entrepreneurship, and global marketing streams of research. The article suggests that a more gender neutral stance in global marketing is required due to the more fluid and changing understanding about the meaning of gender in society. This enables increased dialogue about gender stereotyping in global marketing to be examined as a way to keep up to date with global trends. Global marketers must confront gender biases as a way of enhancing a more open and inclusive society. The trends in gender and marketing are addressed that help to raise awareness for how to improve global marketing standards.     

From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation

We provide a quasi-historical review of how the field of global leadership evolved. In doing so, we conceptually map an overall trajectory of the field of global leadership, discussing the nature of its origins in the field of cross-cultural management. We trace evolutionary trends in the field of cross-cultural management from 1960 to the present, and explore how these trends influenced the formation of the global leadership literature. After reviewing the primary domains of the global leadership field, we conclude with a discussion of the implications of our analysis for future research and managerial practice.     

Preparing the Human Capital for the New Millennium Using Information Technology

Abstract

Information technology is transforming the economy at a breathtaking speed. The effect of technology on global business practices is profound and pervasive. These trends are changing and shaping the global economic landscape in the new millennium. These developments have major implications for the knowledge skills required for success in business in the information age. Students must be prepared for the challenges and opportunities that each of these trends represents. Therefore, the new knowledge economy demands changes in the models of global business education. Based on our experiences at our respective universities, this article describes how we are changing not only the way we teach, but also what we teach-as well as altering the way our universities do business.     

Antecedents of Global Attitude

Abstract

The term “globalization” has recently been used to explain multiple world trends. Such trends include worldwide accessibility to the same products, access to the same resources around the globe, world travel, communication, convergence of lifestyles, development of “world culture,” and worldwide fascination with environmental issues. This paper explores the population's attitude towards globalization (global attitude) and investigates antecedents that affect the level of global attitude. The antecedents examined are population's current satisfaction, opinion of governance, and future expectations. Results from structural equation modeling show that current satisfaction with life and opinion of governance have a positive and significant influence on development of global attitude.     

Deutschlands Exportüberschuss auf dem Weg zu neuen Höchstständen — eine Projektion bis 2017

The economic and fi nancial crisis in 2009 triggered a stronger collapse in German exports compared to imports, with the high external surplus falling considerably. By now, global trade has recovered. The authors have calculated trends in German foreign trade, using a gravitation model. Based on IMF forecasts of global economic performance, the projections show that Germany’s export surplus looks set to reach new highs in the medium term.     

The DNA of global leadership competencies

In this article, the author challenges those charged with identifying and developing global leaders to go beyond fads, trends and the "art" of leadership to find the science. An overview of the theories that have influenced our perspectives on leadership is presented first. Assumptions that have been supported by research are then presented indicating virtual DNA structures that may be the source of global leadership competencies. The article also describes two distinct themes represented in global leadership competency. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The search for global competence: From international HR to talent management

This article describes the evolution of the search for global competence through a 50-year content analysis and review of published research in the field of International HR Management (IHRM), and more recently, Talent Management (TM), with special emphasis on the Journal of World Business. We present a detailed examination of the IHRM/TM content of the Journal of World Business from its inception in 1965 through 2014. To put the results of that review into perspective, we review key themes in global business and strategy from 1965 to the present, noting where IHRM/TM research and business trends correspond, diverge, and lag. Next, we present a brief history of IHRM and TM, showing how the emerging theme of TM offers challenges and promise for connecting future IHRM/TM research with emerging business, strategy, and social trends. We conclude with the implications of our findings for future research, and the importance of the search for global competence.     

全球风险视角下的FDI发展趋势及对我国的启示

从2008年世界经济和国际金融形势看,全球经济已经进入一个多层面的高风险期。多重因素、多方博弈的结果势必对全球FDI的流量、地区分布等产生重大影响,FDI将呈现投资增速波动化、投资地区扩散化、投资主体和投资方式多元化以及投资领域集中化等新趋势。面对世界经济格局重建、全球产业分工调整的契机,我国应加强对FDI的有效引导和有力监管,"请进来"与"走出去"相结合,促进我国经济社会健康平稳发展。     

全球服务产业转移与国际服务贸易发展趋势

当前,全球服务产业转移与国际服务贸易发展之间已经形成一种互动发展的态势。因此,国际服务贸易发展的一些新趋势值得关注:服务贸易成为全球产业链竞争的关键;服务外包成为新兴国家进入全球分工体系的重要途径;商业模式的创新复制成为商业存在的主要形式;国际服务业规制的改革与创新不断深化。这些都是我国在承接全球服务产业转移、发展国际服务贸易时必须认真应对的问题。     

Transnational organization and symbolic production: Creating and managing a global brand

In recent years, there has been sustained debate pertaining to how global markets should be conceptualized, enacted, and addressed. The purpose of this study was to expose the pivotal managerial thought processes and practices of senior managers at Guinness and the actions of symblic workers involved in the reconciliation of trends toward increasing global cultural convergence and a need for local cultural differentiation within the “global culture industry.” Our findings reveal the strategic processes and mechanisms involved in the creation of a series of polysemic, multi‐vocal texts positioned to allow multi‐level interpretation of the brand in ways that permit simultaneous engagement with, and negation of, local idiosyncrasies.     

Global Marketing,Gender and Family Business in Asia: A Literature Review

ABSTRACT

In this article, we explore the recent trends in global marketing, gender and family entrepreneurship in Asia. Taking into account previous contributions, this article aims to provide a better portrait about research on global marketing, gender and family entrepreneurship in Asian countries and future directions. The article presents a few comparative analyses for Asian countries in terms of gender representation in the entrepreneurship sector in recent years as well as the succession in larger family businesses in Asia.     

Leading global teams

Global teams that are characterized by national, cultural and linguistic heterogeneity and operate in a globally dispersed virtual environment are becoming an established form of organizing work in multinational organizations. As global team leadership research is rather limited, we review the literature on leading multicultural and virtual teams in a global context, focusing on leadership competencies, styles, strategies and modes. We also examine the emergent concepts of biculturalism, global mindset and cultural intelligence with respect to team leaders. Our aim is to add to our knowledge of leading global teams, highlight recent trends and suggest directions for future research. Three themes for global team leadership emerged: leaders as boundary spanners, bridge makers and blenders; people-oriented leadership; and leveraging diversity. We discuss implications for research and practice.     

全球铁路建设市场及影响因素的协整分析

鼓励企业"走出去"直接参与国际市场竞争,是经济全球化条件下我国推进改革开放的一项重要战略.本文基于经济分析的视角,识别目前对全球铁路市场有较重要影响的主要经济因素,通过搜集计算相关数据,建立协整分析模型,分析全球铁路建设市场的发展趋势,并考察影响因素的作用机制,以期为我国铁路企业实施"走出去"战略提供参考.     

未来电子商务的发展趋势与产业化应用前景分析

在全球信息化影响下,电子商务需要不断完善。针对电子商务现状制定实施恰当的产业政策十分必要。本文从电子商务技术发展环境、存在的问题、发展趋势探讨分析了我国电子商务发展的现状。