BIM技术助力建筑企业智能建造管理升级

<正>在大力发展建筑工业化和建筑智能化的时代背景下，将BIM技术融入到建筑工程项目建造管理中，可以有效提升建筑工程整体的建造效益和企业智能建造水平，实现工程建造高质量发展。BIM的发展情况美国Autodesk公司在2002年率先提出BIM(Building Information Modeling)技术的概念，并迅速在全世界范围内推广应用，     

精益建造体系下可持续建设项目管理研究

精益建造和可持续建设都是在建筑业中应用新的思想和方法产生的结果,可持续建设为传统的项目管理模式提出了新的挑战.精益建造与可持续建设的原则在一定方面相通,精益建造的理论体系及内容在实现可持续发展的过程中发挥着一定的作用.文章旨在根据精益建造与可持续建设基本理论,分析精益建造理论在可持续发展过程中发挥的作用,研究了精益建造体系下如何开展可持续建设的流程管理、价值管理和项目管理,为今后可持续建设项目管理提供一种借鉴方法.     

基于精益建造的工程项目质量控制

精益建造是一种新型的项目管理模式,基于精益建造的工程项目质量控制是对传统质量控制模式的反思和改进.文章从介绍传统工程项目的质量控制入手,分析了传统质量控制的弊端,阐述了精益建造思想在工程项目质量控制中的应用,并对比分析了二者的不同之处.提出了应从建造过程本身出发,运用精益建造的概念,从产生质量问题的源头抓起,重视建筑工程质量管理,研究质量控制的经济性,探索工程最适宜的质量水平和最佳的质量控制方法,实现工程项目质量与经济效益的统一.     

BIM技术在建筑工程结构设计中的应用

在现代工业建筑工程结构设计中,更加注重的是能耗低、效率高。所以在建筑工程结构设计过程中,必须切实加强BIM技术的应用,确保设计的安全性和高效性。文章正是基于这一视角,从BIM技术的优势分析入手,就建筑工程结构设计过程中如何强化BIM技术的应用提出了几点浅见。     

基于BIM技术的大体量项目安装工程施工精细化管理

大体量项目与其它工程项目存在较大差异,苏州阳澄湖景区配套酒店项目作为典型大体量项目,同一般项目相比其BIM技术应用要求较高。本文结合具体工程实例从建筑安装工程角度系统地阐述BIM技术的概念及其实际应用价值,并深入分析安装工程实际施工阶段BIM技术应用的种种举措,总结相应的技术应用策略,最终在分析过程中探索出一条提高BI...     

建筑信息模型在我国工程设计行业中应用障碍研究

建筑信息模型(BIM)是数字技术在建筑业中的直接表达,涉及整个建筑工程全寿命期的各个环节,而工程设计行业是应用BIM技术的先行军.文章通过深入分析现阶段BIM在我国工程设计行业中的主要应用障碍,提出促进工程设计行业BIM本土化应用和发展的实施建议.研究结果表明,BIM可以由工程设计先行并实现其阶段性的价值,而多数设计相关人员不了解BIM的真正内涵,以及现有建筑行业体制、行业规程及法律责任界限不明的等障碍,是现阶段建筑行业亟需突破的.     

BIM在变电站项目工程造价中的应用

目前BIM技术在建筑工程造价中参数成本估算、造价计算、造价管理以及成本控制等方面的应用已经取得了一定的成果，在预算软件、计价管理软件以及成本控制软件等方面不断推陈出新，但是在电力工程造价领域还没有开展相关应用。电力工程与建筑工程既具有相似性又具有特殊性。本文利用建筑行业应用的BIM造价软件在小型变电站工程项目中的造价应用管理进行深入的应用研究，分析变电站工程的特殊性，探索BIM技术在变电站工程造价中的应用方法、步骤以及推广路径。     

推进BIM深度应用 助力智能建造发展

<正>现阶段在实际应用过程中，BIM技术应用标准体系还不完善、对项目建造核心数据掌握不足，BIM在建造过程中价值体现不明显、BIM技术支撑市场还不够有力等问题不足以支撑智能建造体系的构建和建造方式变革，其核心问题表现为BIM应用深度不足。近年来，随着我国经济由高速增长转向高质量发展阶段，建筑业逐渐进入存量时代，从业者老龄化严重、现场作业环境差、劳动效率不高、信息化水平有限等情况没有根本改变，生产方式仍然比较粗放。     

基于BIM技术的建筑工程机电安装施工研究

在建筑设计和施工过程中,机电安装施工是其重要组成部分,这项工作的难度一直居高不下,对于新技术的需求也较为突出,由此,BIM技术应运而生,并得以应用。本文结合BIM技术的特点,从设计、施工和管理三个层面入手,详细探讨了如何在具体的建筑工程机电安装施工工作中有效应用BIM技术,以期进一步提高建筑工程机电安装施工质量。     

加快应用智能建造产品技术

随着人工智能、机器人、5G、新材料等技术与建筑业的融合,智能建造的时代正在到来.国内已经可以实现建筑机器人、建筑信息模型(BIM)、新型装配式建筑等产品和技术在工程项目的协同作业,应用于勘察、规划与设计、生产、施工、监管与验收、运维与管理等建筑施工环节,能够很好地提高建筑工程的安全、质量和效率,也能够大幅减少工地上的建...     

Horizontal alliances as an alternative to autonomous production: product expansion mode choice in the worldwide aircraft industry 1945–2000

This study investigates why firms choose to undertake product expansion through alliances with competitors rather than on their own. We highlight product heterogeneity as a determinant of this make or ally choice. We propose that firms turn to horizontal alliances in order to implement product expansion projects that require greater resources than those available to them. More precisely, we hypothesize that a firm is more likely to launch a new product through a horizontal alliance rather than autonomously when the resource requirements of the project are greater, the resources available to the firm are more limited, there is a mismatch between resource endowment and requirement, and the firm's collaborative competence allows it to better cope with the interorganizational concerns that collaboration with competitors raises. We find support for our arguments on a sample of 310 new aircraft developments launched between 1945 and 2000, either by a single prime contractor or as a horizontal alliance in which prime contractorship is shared with another industry incumbent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工程造价管理信息化解决方案

实行工程造价管理的信息化,是进行工程造价管理的有效手段。工程造价管理覆盖建设工程前期决策及实施的各个阶段,目前工程造价管理的软件很多,但在实际应用过程中,这些软件存在着一些共性的缺陷。仅靠单一的工程造价软件是无法进行工程造价管理的。为了解决这一问题,可以从工程造价全过程管理的需求出发,把企业数据库,估算编制、工程量清单编制、电子评标、工程造价指标分析等子系统集成在一个协同平台上,对工程造价信息进行数据处理和交换,集中管理,实现企业工程数据共享。     

产业链整合对建筑工业化协同创新绩效的影响研究

市场竞争日趋激烈，创新过程日益复杂，协同创新成为主流的创新范式。而我国建筑工业化正处于创新驱动发展不足的初级阶段，如何通过产业链整合实现建筑工业化的协同创新，进而提高创新绩效是值得研究的问题。本文从产业链整合着手，探讨建筑工业化的技术链整合、产品链整合、创新协同性、创新绩效之间的相互影响关系。首先根据理论分析提出假设，然后运用26家代表性企业的278份问卷作为样本数据进行验证。实证分析表明：产业链整合对创新协同性、创新绩效均有正向显著作用；技术链整合在产品链与创新协同性之间、创新协同性在产业链整合与创新绩效之间起完全中介作用；政策在产品链整合与创新协同性之间起正向调节作用，而在技术链整合与创新协同性之间的调节作用却不显著。研究结论对于建筑工业化政策制定、产业链完善、企业管理等方面具有重要意义，同时展望了需要进一步关注的方向。     

Collaborative learning in technological project design

The POWERTECH contest in Taiwan was established in an attempt to promote inventiveness and technology to elementary school pupils. The POWERTECH contest is designed as a collaborative learning system for project design. Project design is comprised of technical processes, which include the construction of an artifact and improvement of its functions. Thus, pupils learn scientific and technical knowledge through a collaborative design project. The purpose of the study was to examine how collaborative learning could be facilitated in technological project design, and whether and how pupils working collaboratively were able to share their design ideas. The study was carried out by analyzing the design portfolio compiled by a team of four elementary school pupils who were engaged in a collaborative design project that focused on making a robot rat for the POWERTECH contest. A portfolio analysis was used in this study to help researchers assess the actual collaboration process among the team members. The study indicated that collaborative learning in a contest facilitated the sharing of knowledge and resources among the team members. Furthermore, reflections essential for problem-solving among the team members were often raised during the design process. These reflections were also conducive to the reduction of mistakes during the contest.     

Scale and performance in publicly funded collaborative research and development

This paper reports the results of an extensive empirical investigation on the role of project scale (reflected in consortium size and in project budget) on various performance dimensions of publicly funded collaborative research and development (R&D) projects. Recent trends in European research policy are founded on the premise that such scale economies do exist, hence the emphasis placed on the critical mass of R&D projects. We argue that large scale in collaborative R&D confers both positive and negative effects, and thus we hypothesize an inverse U‐shaped relation between scale and performance. We only find an inverse U‐shaped effect of consortium size on networking impacts and a U‐shaped effect of project budget on goal achievement. No other statistically significant relationships were found for the remaining performance dimensions (i.e. scientific outputs, technological outputs, and research capacity impacts). More generally, and consistent with recent work on the relation between quality and quantity in academic research, our analyses offer little evidence to support the idea that increasing scale generally improves collaborative R&D performance. It appears that the simple assumption ‘bigger is better’ in European Union‐financed collaborative R&D may need to be reconsidered.     

网络计划在建筑施工企业信息化建设投资管理中应用

建筑施丁企业的信息化（IT）建设是建筑业信息化建设的重要组成部分。以施工项目管理的特点为出发点，对建筑施工企业的IT建设投资管理模式提出了新的思考。新的IT投资管理模式结合施工项目管理的特点，引入了施土项目管理中常用的网络计划技术作为投资管理的主要工具，并进行了详细的案例研究，提出了建设期固定约束下资金管理模式，旨在为IT建设投资管理提供切实可行的管理模式，促进施工企业的信息化建设。     

Exploring the Motivational and Behavioral Foundations of External Technology Experts’ Knowledge Sharing in Collaborative R&D Projects: The Contingency Role of Project Formalization

High‐tech manufacturers increasingly rely on the knowledge contributions of external technology experts (ETEs), who contribute to collaborative R&D projects on behalf of suppliers. Many scholars have considered knowledge sharing in R&D collaborations from a firm‐level or project‐level perspective and focused on formalization as a potential remedy. While individual supplier employees at the operative level make the decision to share critical knowledge, the individual‐level perspective in literature on knowledge sharing in collaborative R&D projects is virtually nonexistent. Because knowledge sharing in collaborative R&D is a largely discretionary act on behalf of the supplier employee, personal motivations rather than inter‐firm relationship elements (e.g., network position or dependency) become the primary determinant of one’s sharing behavior. Abstracting from or ignoring these motivations of supplier employees in studies on collaborative R&D may obscure important insights for R&D managers. This study is an important first step in providing the empirical evidence needed to uncover the motivational and behavioral foundations for ETEs’ knowledge sharing in a collaborative R&D setting. Building on theories of gift and social exchange, this article identifies customer stewardship and distributive fairness as two important personal motivations of ETEs to share knowledge. Project formalization is considered as a key contingency condition. Analyzing survey responses of 186 ETEs, a multilevel regression‐based moderated‐mediation analysis of direct and indirect effects shows that customer stewardship predicts an ETE’s knowledge sharing behavior under (very) low levels of project formalization, and distributive fairness predicts knowledge sharing behavior under medium to high levels of formalization. Together, the results provide R&D project managers who aim to leverage external knowledge contributions with valuable insights that have been obscured in past firm‐level collaborative R&D studies.     

建筑业产业定位与工程价值变化周期

在由工程项目实施期和从事施工建造活动双重限制所定义的建筑业发展空间内，建筑业实现效率和效益提升的路径狭窄。以建设项目的工程价值变化周期为基本依托，从广义建筑业和广义建设项目生命周期概念出发，构造建筑业新的发展空间，在工程建设项目的价值规划、价值形成、价值实现、价值消失诸过程中寻求以工程功能发挥价值最大化为导向、以建筑业附加价值最大化为着眼点的建筑业新增长路径，拓展事业组合，是建筑业增长的重要突破点。     

采用甲方施工图预算和工程量清单计价相结合的办法控制工程造价

按照正常的工程结算方式,我们国家大多采用的是施工图预算方式,施工图预算的依据为国家和行业定额加相关取费文件.但是,由于施工图预算计算起来往往由于预算人员的计算误差和对施工图理解的不同,思维方式的不同,造成建设单位和施工单位计算的结果误差较大,给工程结算造成较大的麻烦.为了解决这一问题,作者在多年从事工程概预算经验的基础上,提出对工程结算的方式进行改革.采用变乙方作施工图预算为甲方作预算的办法,在工程结算中对于规范项目按照国际上通用的做法-工程量清单计价的办法.在具体项目上要灵活运用甲方施工图预算和工程量清单计价的特点,将二者有机的结合在一起,对有效确定和控制工程造价具有重要的意义.     

Computer Support for Collaborative Designing

The purpose of the present study was to examine how collaborative designing could be facilitated by a new generation networked learning environment (Future Learning Environment, FLE-Tools) and to analyze whether and how students working in the environment were able to share their design process. The study was carried out by analyzing qualitatively knowledge posted to FLE-Tools’ database by three courses of first-year textile students (N = 34) who were engaged in a collaborative design project that focused on designing clothing for prematurely born babies. The study indicated that designing in the network environment facilitated engagement of expert-like designing in a sense of supporting specification of constraints related to designing clothing to premature neonates through in-depth problem structuring and search of new information. A design challenge of FLE-Tools is to provide more effective tools for collaborative work with visual sketches as well as developing tools and practices that would help to share knowledge emerging not only in the conceptual but also during the actual manufacturing phase of designing. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.