资本结构与代理成本关系研究评述

资本结构与代理成本之间的关系始终是研究者关注的焦点。本文认为,资本结构中权益资本和债务资本会引发不同的代理成本,其产生的根源在于管理者与股东以及债权人与权益投资者之间存在不同的利益格局。在第一类和第二类代理冲突中,债务均具有重要的地位,但债务在第二类代理冲突中的作用与第一类冲突中显著不同。当企业股权集中时,大股东掌握着企业的实际控制权,企业的主要代理问题成为控股大股东与中、小股东之间的代理问题,这会导致其资本结构的代理成本与第一类和第二类代理成本显著不同。     

资本结构与代理成本关系研究评述

资本结构与代理成本之间的关系始终是研究者关注的焦点。本文认为,资本结构中权益资本和债务资本会引发不同的代理成本,其产生的根源在于管理者与股东以及债权人与权益投资者之间存在不同的利益格局。在第一类和第二类代理冲突中,债务均具有重要的地位,但债务在第二类代理冲突中的作用与第一类冲突中显著不同。当企业股权集中时,大股东掌握着企业的实际控制权,企业的主要代理问题成为控股大股东与中、小股东之间的代理问题,这会导致其资本结构的代理成本与第一类和第二类代理成本显著不同。     

煤炭上市公司资本结构与代理成本

一、代理成本的理论研究与实证分析 代理成本最先由Jensen和Meckling(1976)提出,他们在综合资本结构理论、企业理论和产权理论的基础上,分析了现代股份公司存在的两类典型的利益冲突和代理关系:管理者与股东之间的利益冲突及其之间的代理关系;股东与债权人之间的利益冲突及其之间的代理关系.     

浅谈企业负债融资结构

本文首先阐述了代理成本理论与资本结构理论的关系,进而对资本结构中的一支--债务做了深入分析,从代理理论的角度出发对不同的债务融资期限和债务融资类型进行分析,探讨如何通过有效安排企业的负债结构控制负债融资的代理成本.     

控制权和现金流权分离、财务杠杆与企业投资行为

本文以2006～2009年非金融类上市公司为样本,以控制权和现金流权的分离衡量控股股东和中小股东的代理成本,实证检验了控股股东和中小股东代理冲突对企业投资的影响.研究发现:控制权和现金流权的差值与企业投资显著正相关;相对于其他企业,控制权和现金流权分离的公司财务杠杆与投资的敏感系数更低,高财务杠杆对控制权和现金流权分离与投资的敏感系数无显著影响.本文认为:控股股东和中小股东的代理成本"激励"企业投资行为,而且会弱化负债的治理作用.     

从公司治理视角看企业负债的特征、性质和边界

一、负债契约的产权特征 根据詹森和麦克林的观点，现代公司所有权与经营权的分离在股东与经营者之间形成了委托代理关系，由于经营者与股东因效用函数不完全一致而产生利益冲突，由此带来一定的代理成本。为解决经营者的代理问题，就必须设立一套有效的激励约束机制来规范经营者行为，负债契约就是抑制经营者的道德风险行为进而降低股权代理成本的有效方式之一。威廉姆森指出：“与其把债权和股权看做融资手段还不如视为不同的治理结构。”可见，负债与公司治理间有着天然的内在联系。     

优化资本结构应考虑的主要因素

衡量资本结构是否合理的关键是确定负债与股东权益的适宜比例,企业负债比例应以多大为宜,这固然没有也不应该有统一的标准。在确定企业资本结构时,一般应考虑以下几个因素： １．财务杠杆利益 财务杠杆利益是企业运用负债对股东报酬的扩张效用。从理论上来讲,由于负债的存在会形成财务杠杆利益。当企业投资利润率高于举债成本时,负债比例越高,财务杠杆利益越大,财务杠杆利益最大时的资本结构为最优资本结构。但是,当企业投资利润率高于举债成本时,会形成财务杠杆风险,导致普通股东遭受更大的损失。为充分运用财务杠杆利益,限制或…     

中小板上市公司资本结构治理效应实证研究

本文以中小板上市公司为样本实证检验发现：资产负债率与会计利润显著负相关,与企业价值负相关,但并不显著,与代理成本显著负相关,但更多地表现出负向治理效应;而有息负债与会计利润显著负相关,与代理成本正相关,增加了企业的代理成本,对企业有负向治理效应,但并不完全,可以提升企业的价值。长期负债率与企业资本结构呈现正相关,也可以减少企业的代理成本,对企业表现为正向治理效应。应完善债务约束机制、拓宽融资渠道、优化中小企业金融服务环境、建立适合中小企业特征的直接和间接融资市场体系、深化银行和中小企业体制改革、强化股东监督功能以优化中小板上市公司资本结构。     

企业负债及其筹资结构优化

负债比率是资本结构的一个重要问题,负债在资本结构中的变化对企业影响不可忽视。 一、企业负债的意义 1.负债筹资有利于降低企业的资本成本 企业利用负债资金要定期支付利息并按时还本。所以,债权人的风险比较小。因此,企业利用债务集资所支付的利息率可略低于支付给股东的股息率。另外,债务利息从税前支付,可减少缴纳所得税的数额。因此债务的资金成本明显低于权益资金的成本。在一定的限     

河北省上市公司资本结构与代理成本实证研究

<正>一问题提出资本结构问题一直是企业财务研究的重要领域。1958年,Modigliani和Miller共同开创了著名的MM理论,开启了财务研究领域崭新的篇章。研究资本结构时,代理成本是我们应该考虑的一个重要方面。1976年,Jensen和Meckling首次提出了资本结构的代理成本问题,认为从资本结构的角度出发,代理成本由股东与债权人的利益冲突带来的"债务代理成本"和股东与管理层的利益冲突带来的"外部股票代理成本"组成。一方面,由     

公司发行可转换债券融资的动机分析

公司使用可转换债券筹集外部资金既是作为普通债券的替代,增加转换特性来降低利息率从而保持现金流量,也是转换条款建立“延迟股权”,通过转换,以高于现行股票的价格出售。本文研究发现,公司发行可转换债券是为了减少由于股东和管理者以及股东和债权人之间冲突所引起的代理成本;为了降低由发行普通债券带来的高额预期财务危机成本和普通股发行中经常出现的严重负面公告效应;以及在投资者和管理者对公司面临的风险认识不同时,使其价值不易受公司风险变化的影响。     

Managerial compensation and the agency costs of debt finance

This paper presents a model of the agency costs of debt finance, based on the conflict of interest between shareholders and bondholders. We show how the terms of the compensation contract offered to management by shareholders can reduce these agency costs. We derive a managerial compensation contract that restores the first-best outcome and leads to a local irrelevance result for financial structure. More generally, the model points out that the nature of managerial compensation contracts will affect the firm's optimal financial structure, and offers a reason why managerial compensation is typically not closely correlated with shareholder returns.     

Ownership Structure and the Cost of Debt

This paper examines the impact on the cost of debt by ownership concentration and shareholder identity; that is, whether the shareholders are banks, non-financial firms, the state, institutional investors or the board of directors. Our analysis suggests that directors who own shares tend to be aligned with external shareholders, that firms with government ownership enjoy lower cost of debt and that banks effectively monitor management, so reducing the agency costs of debt.     

Asset sale,debt restructuring,and liquidation

This paper considers a dynamic model in which shareholders of a firm in distress have a choice of whether the firm proceeds to debt restructuring or direct liquidation at an arbitrary time. In the model, we show the following results. Fewer asset sales, lower financing, debt renegotiation, and running costs, a lower premium to the debt holders, a lower cash flow volatility, and a higher initial coupon increase the shareholders׳ incentive to choose debt restructuring to avoid full liquidation. In the debt renegotiation process, the shareholders arrange the coupon reduction and use equity financing to retire a part of the debt value to the debt holders. The timing of debt restructuring always coincides with that of liquidation without debt renegotiation. Most notably, the shareholders do not prefer asset sale in debt restructuring even if they face high financing costs. The possibility of debt renegotiation in the future increases the initial leverage ratio in the optimal capital structure.     

Agency costs,corporate governance mechanisms and ownership structure in large UK publicly quoted companies: A panel data analysis

This paper examines the impact of governance and ownership variables on agency costs for a panel of large UK quoted companies. We use three measures of agency costs: the ratio of sales-to-total assets, the interaction of free cash flows and growth prospects and the number of acquisitions. We employ a range of techniques to analyse the data: fixed-effects, instrumental variables, and Tobit regressions. We find that the changes in board structures that have occurred in the post-Cadbury period have not, generally, affected agency costs. This suggests a range of mechanisms is consistent with firm value maximisation. We also find that having a nomination committee increases agency costs, which indicates that there are costs associated with certain governance mechanisms. Increasing board ownership also helps to reduce agency costs. We also find that debt reduces agency costs. Our results raise questions about the usefulness of the information sent to shareholders when firms adopt a recommended governance framework.     

Debt finance and the cost of management ownership: Some elementary results

Increased debt reduces a company's equity base, which reduces the dollar investment a manager must make to hold a given proportion of stock. Therefore, it is often argued, managers' effort incentives are improved by high leverage. This paper shows that while risky debt reduces the cost of providing managers with substantial equity ownership, the cheaper equity captures less of the fruits of the manager's effort. Managers' effort incentives are improved by high debt levels only under quite restrictive conditions. These conditions are more plausible when agency problems are due to a managerial propensity to expand size by investing in negative net present value projects. The results also imply that when debt is increased to reduce the agency costs of free cash flow, the accompanying covenants should allow for substantial cash distributions to shareholders even before bondholder claims are satisfied.     

Contraction flexibility,operating leverage,and financial leverage

This study investigates the impacts of contraction flexibility and operating leverage on financial leverage from the perspective of the agency conflict between shareholders and debtholders. In a continuous-time real option framework, we demonstrate that shareholders’ contraction flexibility may have an adverse effect on financial leverage, and that the substitution relation between operating leverage and financial leverage is persistent or pronounced in the presence of contraction flexibility. The evidence from Chinese listed firms not only supports our theoretical predictions well, but also offers a method to examine the agency conflict hypothesis. We suggest that the high proportion of bank loans or long-term debt in total liabilities can help levered firms alleviate the agency problem arising from contraction decisions.     

企业技术创新能力对资本成本影响差异性的实证研究——基于不同生命周期视角

通过研究2013—2016年深市中小板上市公司发现，企业技术创新能力越强，权益和债务资本成本也就越低，同时技术创新能力对权益资本成本的影响程度要大于对债务资本成本的影响。进一步研究发现，不同生命周期的企业技术创新能力对权益和债务资本成本的影响有明显差异，处于成熟期的企业技术创新能力对权益资本成本影响更大，处于成长期的企业技术创新能力对债务资本成本影响更大。因此企业应注重提高技术创新能力，降低资本成本。同时股东和债权人应充分识别投资企业所处生命周期阶段，从而选取合理投资方案。