考虑消费者效用的生鲜品双渠道供应链协调

研究了由一个供应商和一个零售商构成的生鲜品双渠道供应链,构建了受保鲜努力影响的新鲜度变化函数以及受价格和新鲜度影响的消费者效用函数。提出“保鲜成本分担+收益共享”契约,以实现供应链的协调。研究表明,零售商通过分担供应商保鲜努力成本,促使供应商投入更高的保鲜努力水平,从而增加市场需求及利润;供应商通过与零售商分享线上收益,促使零售商承担更多的保鲜努力成本。因此,一定的保鲜成本分担和收益共享比例有助于提高供应链效率。最后采用算例验证了“保鲜成本分担+收益共享”契约对于生鲜品双渠道供应链的有效性。     

CvaR准则下需求受到努力水平影响的供应链回购契约

在市场需求受到零售商努力水平的影响下,建立了一个由风险中性的供应商和一个风险厌恶的零售商组成的二级供应链系统。基于CvaR风险度量准则,研究了零售商的决策行为,分析了零售商最优努力水平和最优订购量的确定问题,同时证明了传统的回购契约无法实现供应链的协调;然后,设计了努力成本共担的回购契约模型,给出了实现供应链协调的条件,并讨论了零售商风险厌恶程度、供应商成本分担比例等参数对最优努力水平的影响;数值分析结果表明努力成本共担的回购契约设计是完全有效的,在此混合契约下,供应商、零售商和供应链的利润同时得到了显著提升。     

CvaR准则下需求受到努力水平影响的供应链回购契约

在市场需求受到零售商努力水平的影响下,建立了一个由风险中性的供应商和一个风险厌恶的零售商组成的二级供应链系统.基于CvaR风险度量准则,研究了零售商的决策行为,分析了零售商最优努力水平和最优订购量的确定问题同时证明了传统的回购契约无法实现供应链的协凋;然后,设计了努力成本共担的回购契约模型,给出了实现供应链协调的条件,并讨论了零售商风险厌恶程度、供应商成本分担比例等参数对最优努力水平的影响:数值分析结果表明努力成本共担的回购契约设计是完全有效的,在此混合契约下,供应商、零售商和供应链的利润同时得到了显著提升.     

需求受促销投资影响的供应链协调模型

本文以一个供应商与一个零售商组成的供应链为研究对象。市场需求受零售商进行促销投资的影响,供应商采取了共同补给期和补偿促销投资的协调策略。本文分别建立无协调策略与协调策略下零售商与供应商的利润模型,并对促销投资额与补给期的进行决策。共同补给期条件下,零售商的利润会比无协调策略条件下有所减少。供应商通过补偿促销投资的方式使得双方的利润都有所增加。最终,在共同补给期与补偿促销投资的双重策略下,零售商与供应商可以有效协调。     

信息不对称条件下的供应链利益共享契约研究

本文通过讨论供应链中零售商的销售成本为不对称信息时,供应链收益共享契约的参数制订问题,为供应商制定供应链契约参数提出了一些建议。     

基于销售奖励与回购契约的供应链协调机制研究

在单一供应商和单一零售商组成的两级供应链中,引入销售奖励机制建立起由供应商承担运输成本的回购契约模型,分析了供应链双方在是否存在回购契约情况下的最优决策,并推导出在回购契约下零售商的最优订货量与供应商的回购价格.通过算例验证了回购契约下双方的最优决策能够使得供应链整体利润达到最优.     

基于销售努力影响的三级供应链协调研究

在二级供应链协调研究基础上,关于市场需求随机下的三级供应链协调研究越来越多,但需求受多个因素影响,如价格、促销努力程度等。本文考虑销售努力水平对需求的影响,研究由制造商、批发商和零售商构成的三级供应链协调问题。首先建立了两步收费契约和回购契约联合下三级供应链契约模型,并且零售商承担全部的努力成本,但此时三级供应链无法实现协调。然后考虑制造商、批发商和零售商共同承担努力成本,进而给出了联合契约下三级供应链实现协调的方案。最后通过数值分析进行了相关结论验证。     

基于销售奖励与回购契约的供应链协调机制研究

在单一供应商和单一零售商组成的两级供应链中，引入销售奖励机制建立起由供应商承担运输成本的回购契约模型，分析了供应链双方在是否存在回购契约情况下的最优决策，并推导出在回购契约下零售商的最优订货量与供应商的回购价格。通过算例验证了回购契约下双方的最优决策能够使得供应链整体利润达到最优。     

单边专用性投资如何能改善零供关系？——契约的保障作用研究

综合交易成本理论和关系交换理论,文章重点研究了两种主要的契约（正式契约和关系契约）对单边专用性投资与机会主义行为、信任关系的影响。研究表明：（1）在正式契约或关系契约保障下,供应商单边专用性投资有利于改善零供关系;（2）同时使用两种契约时零供关系的改善程度大于单独使用一种契约时的改善程度;（3）正式契约对供应商的单边专用性投资与零售商机会主义行为关系的影响程度更大;（4）关系契约对供应商的单边专用性投资与其对零售商信任水平间关系的影响程度更大。     

产出不确定下的双源采购模型研究

本文主要研究产出和需求不确定的环境下,由一个零售商和两个供应(其中一个为风险供应商)组成的二级供应链的订货模型.在批发价契约下,通过双方之间的博弈分析零售商的最优组合采购策略和影响零售商决策的因素.     

Efficient Consumer Altruism and Fair Trade Products

Consumers have shown a willingness to pay a premium for products labeled as “FT” and a preference for retailers that are seen to be more generous to their suppliers/employees. A FT product is essentially a bundle of a base product and a donation to the supplier (e.g., a coffee farmer). An altruistic rational consumer will only choose this bundle if doing so is less expensive than buying the base product and making a direct donation. For FT to be sustainable either in a competitive equilibrium or in a monopolistic environment this bundling must yield an efficiency. This efficiency is generated in the following context. A supplier’s investment reduces the retailer’s cost or boosts the final product’s quality, but this investment is not immediately observable and cannot be enforced, hence there exists a moral hazard problem. In this environment, the altruism of the consumer can facilitate a more efficient contract: by paying the supplier more the retailer can both extract more consumer surplus and increase the level of contracted investment, while preserving the supplier’s incentive compatibility constraint. We assess our model in the context of the coffee industry.     

引入风险厌恶偏好的供应链部分回购协调契约

研究了由一个风险中性的供应商和一个风险厌恶的零售商组成的供应链系统的部分回购契约。将部分回购契约建模讨论,并进行数值模拟分析。结果表明,当零售商为风险厌恶时,供应链系统仍能达到协调,且回购比例是零售商的风险厌恶程度的增函数,批发价格是零售商的风险厌恶程度的减函数。     

Supply chain finance and impacts of consumers’ sustainability awareness

Several new methods have been proposed for supply chain finance (SCF) with bank credits, but none of them mentions how to solve the borrowers’ moral hazard problems in SCF. This paper examines the moral hazard problem in supply chain financing with procurement contract (or purchase order). We show that since supply chain is an up-down directed structure, when financing with the procurement contract, the supplier’s effort monitoring task can be rendered to the procurement contract, which can secure the supplier’s optimal effort and capital choices in production. Hence, compared to separate lending, the supplier’s credit rationing problem can be mitigated, and most importantly, banks’ under-estimation on the supplier’s default risk and the over-estimation on the retailer’s default risk will both decrease. We further show that the retailer’s corporate social responsibility expenditure can increase consumers’ brand recognition, thus when facing demand shocks arising from consumer’s unexpected concerns, the retailer can better stabilize the firm value.     

一类供应链服务促销成本分摊研究

运用博弈论的思想和方法对促销成本的分摊进行了探讨,通过确定供应商合理的分摊比例平衡双方的利益。     

Supplier incentives and resource constraints under uncertainty

Procurement in environments of cost uncertainty and asymmetric information require special arrangements such as the linear incentive contract. Usually the buyer is motivated to make investments that can relieve temporary supplier resource constraints during the procurement. Special problems arise, however, due to interactions between investments in suppliers and the risk-incentive trade-off achieved by the incentive contract. A cost signaling model is proposed to overcome these problems, where a supplier offers an equity share in the profit from the incentive contract to the buyer in return for a priori investment. The equity share signals the supplier's private cost information, and forms the basis for the buyer's investment decision. Under equilibrium the buyer can expect to recover the entire amount provided to the supplier through his or her share of the profit.     

非缺陷退货情形下的供应链协调

非缺陷退货指的是没有功能或质量上的缺陷却被客户退给零售商的产品.非缺陷退货造成的成本相当惊人,且主要由生产商承担,然而,减少非缺陷退货则主要靠零售商的努力和投入.本文研究了怎样通过供应链协调来减少非缺陷退货.本文介绍国外学者提出的一种“目标补偿”合同,即当非缺陷退货量低于某一特定目标值时,生产商将对低于目标值的每单位非缺陷退货量支付一定的补偿金.这种合同能有效地激励零售商加大努力来降低非缺陷退货,从而提高整条供应链的期望利润,研究表明,该合同在大多数情形下是Pareto改进的,在某些情形下对生产商和零售商都有利.     

基于利润共享契约的品牌专营供应链协调研究

在供应链契约基本模型的基础上,分析了普通契约下供应链系统的协调性,构建了基于利润共享契约的单供应商-单零售商组成的两层品牌专营供应链协调模型。研究表明,利润共享契约的应用可以提高供应链系统的协调性。     

Strategic inventory in capacitated supply chain procurement

We study the strategic role of inventory in a sequential two‐period procurement setting, where the supplier's capacity in the first period is limited and the retailer has the option to hold inventory. We compare the equilibrium under a dynamic contract, where the decisions are made at the beginning of each period, and a commitment contract, where the decisions for both periods are made at the beginning of the first period. We show that there is a critical capacity level below which the outcomes under both types of contracts are identical. When the first period capacity is above the critical level, the retailer holds inventory in equilibrium and the inventory is carried due to purely strategic reasons; as capacity increases, so does the strategic role of inventory. The supplier always prefers lower capacity than the retailer, and the difference between supplier‐optimal and supply‐chain optimal capacities, and the corresponding profits, can be significant. Finally, we find that the retailer's flexibility to hold inventory is not always good for the participants or for the channel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.