基于VAR模型的我国经济总需求的影响因素分析

本文基于VAR模型对1990-2011年期间我国经济总需求的影响因素,从消费需求、投资需求和出口需求三个方面进行实证分析。分析结果表明:短期来看,影响我国经济总需求的影响程度从高到低依次为出口需求、投资需求及消费需求;从长期看,我国消费需求、投资需求和出口需求的增加都会刺激经济总需求的增加,消费需求是促进经济总需求最主要的影响因素,其次是投资需求和出口需求。     

基于总需求结构的中国"高M2/GDP之谜"解析

从总需求结构深入分析了中国高M2/GDP比率的原因,结果发现:导致中国高M2/GDP比率的原因是中国的高投资和高净出口,而问题的根源又在于中国现行的经济增长模式.因此,要解决中国M2/GDP比率的问题,关键并不在于紧缩货币供给量,而在于真正改变中国现行的主要依靠投资和出口刺激经济增长的模式,使中国的经济增长主要依靠国内的消费需求来推动,同时真正进行市场化(特别是要素的市场化及投资体制)改革.     

调整收入分配结构与扩大内需研究

实证研究发现,我国收入分配与总需求在结构上存在一种负面的"棘轮效应":在储蓄率的高度配合下,过度依赖投资和出口的需求结构,恶化了我国的收入分配;收入分配持续恶化,进一步强化了经济增长中对出口和投资要素的依赖;消费在较长时期内存在逐步下降趋势。造成这种局面的原因来源于初次分配中的"利润侵蚀工资"机制,必须实施收入分配调整战略促进其结构优化,促进内需有效扩大。     

经济转型的消费轨道

过去十年,拉动总需求的三驾马车中,出口和投资贡献大,而消费贡献持续下降。要实现中国经济平衡增长的关键,是消费能否成为支撑经济增长的稳定因素,实现从"中国制造"和"中国投资"向"中国消费"的转型。     

扩大内需的财税政策分析

从我国目前的情况看, 存在政府投资领域单一, 产业链条短, 没有带动民间投资的问题。从出口来看, 作为我国主要贸易伙伴的美国、日本、欧洲、韩国、东亚及香港, 都不同程度地受到金融危机的冲击, 同时我国出口产品总体上来说技术含量不高, 国际竞争力不强, 给我国的出口带来巨大的压力。因此, 靠出口来拉动经济增长的现实意义并不大。消费需求不足表象的后面, 深层原因是分配体制和结构上的缺陷。因此调整收入分配结构已成为当前启动消费的重要选择。     

通货膨胀的结构性特征

自2003年中国通货紧缩问题得到缓解以来,通货膨胀的潜在压力主要来自于两个层面:一是总需求层面,二是经济结构层面。从总需求看,主要有消费需求、投资需求和国外需求三大因素。直至目前,国内消费需求不足问题尚未解决。2003年以来尽管投资需求膨胀明显,     

当前经济形势下的失业及其财税对策

凯恩斯认为，所谓“有效需求”，就是商品的总供给价格和总需求价格达到均衡状态时的社会总需求，这里的“总供给价格”是指全体雇主雇拥一定量的工人进行生产的社会量的最低卖价（生产成本和最低利润之和）；“总需求价格”是指全体雇主用一定量的工人进行生产时预期社会对产品愿意支付的总价格，即预期的总收益，当总需求价格大于总供给价格时，企业主就愿多雇工人以扩大产品总量、当需要价格小于总供给价格时，企业主就要少雇工人以缩减产品总量；只有总需求价格等于 总供给价格时，企业主才会保持原有雇佣量不变因此此时预期总利润达到最大，从而生产和就业也达到均衡状态，这时总供给价格与总需求价格都等于国民收入，即国民收入＝总供给价格＝总需求价格，由于国民收入＝消费＋储蓄，总需求价格＝消费需求＋投资需求，即消费＋=时辰 投资需求，所以储蓄＝投资需求，这样，有效需求也就等于投资与储蓄达到均衡状态的需求，这时的国民收入就是均衡国民收入，它决定了社会总就业量的大小。     

中国经济增长的需求分析及其政策含义

在需求分析框架下,本文综合运用OLS、可变参数模型状态空间表示等方法,实证分析了1978-2010年需求扩张及结构变动对中国经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:1978年以来,提高消费需求比提高投资需求和净出口需求更有利于中国经济持续稳定增长;1997年以来,消费率快速下降,消费需求的产出弹性快速下降,致使中国经济增长面临较强的消费需求约束。现实条件下,政府应通过大幅度提高消费需求、优化投资需求及净出口需求等政策措施来扩大内需进而调整需求结构以促进中国经济持续稳定增长。     

保持投资合理增长

释放竞争性市场在提高质量、追求效益、优选结构、力求创新上的"天性",有效发挥投资对推动经济长期增长、扩大内需和稳定总需求的重要作用与消费表现为短期经济中的需求不同,投资既构成短期经济中总需求的一部分,拉动经济增长(项目建设过程中),又增加长期供给能力(项目建成投产后)。兼具短     

刺激消费的财税政策选择

在金融危机背景下,中国政府所采取的财税政策虽取得了积极效果,但连续提高出口退税率已初显政策的无弹性,国家财力无法持续支撑大规模财政投资。本文分析认为,财税政策的着力点应放在扩大国内消费需求上,而扩大消费需求必须首先解决国民收入分配失衡的问题。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note: