跨国公司在华研发垄断问题分析

随着跨国公司研发机构的涌入，跨国公司在我国研发中的技术垄断正逐渐加强。文章对跨国公司在我国研发中的技术垄断的表现和影响加以分析，进而提出了我国面对跨国公司在我国研发中技术垄断的应对之策。     

从本土企业技术创新能力的"退化"看跨国并购的垄断性

跨国公司的"天性"是追求垄断地位,运用资本、技术、管理优势,通过对重点行业、产业企业的并购减少竞争对手来增强其对企业经营环境的控制,提高市场集中程度,使并购企业获得某种形式的垄断或寡占.跨国并购条件下,随之而来的外部技术流入对我国产业发展的负面影响之一是造成对跨国公司的技术依赖,导致自主开发能力的下降.     

跨国公司在我国投资的垄断效应与对策研究

跨国公司作为经济全球化的载体，越来越成为发达国家对外投资的主要方式。在我国吸收的外资中，跨国公司的投资占有重要地位。跨国公司的投资，具有改善我国资产质量，提升产业结构，形成技术溢出效应等诸多积极影响。但是，由于国内企业实力较为弱小，难以与大型跨国公司相抗衡，近年来，在某些行业时有外国企业凭借其雄厚的经济实力在短期内迅速占领我国大部分市场份额，并行使市场支配力的情况发生。如何防范跨国公司凭借市场支配地位行使垄断行为，维持市场公正公平竞争的秩序，对于我国经济的健康发展具有重要意义。本文拟从国外跨国公…     

跨国公司在华的新发展及对策

跨国公司在华发展出现了以下的新趋势:结构形式的优化,投资注重当地化,通过多种途径与方式增强在华投资企业的控制力,增强了对我国市场的垄断程度,导致了我国经济发展对它的依赖性。在主张引进跨国公司的同时,要通过各项措施打破跨国公司的垄断地位,降低对跨国公司的依赖程度。     

我国反垄断法之经济分析

随着经济全球化和贸易自由化的发展,跨国公司的经营活动日益活跃,这对于我国起到一定积极的作用.然而,跨国公司的活动也可能带来不利的影响,跨国公司极易利用其经济优势在我国的市场上取得垄断地位,成为限制竞争的势力.为了扼制跨国公司的垄断势力,维护本国竞争性的市场结构,反垄断法也适用于在本国活动的外国企业和跨国公司,以及在国外产生的但对国内有影响的限制竞争行为.     

对我国技术引进战略的冷思考

近年来,跨国公司纷纷在我国设立独立的研究与开发机构,对我国的技术引进战略带来了冲击。文章分析了跨国公司在华研发机构的现状,从人才流失、技术扩散、技术依附、技术垄断几个方面论述了跨国公司在华设立研发机构所产生的消极性影响,并在此基础上提出了一些对策建议,即注重国内人力资源的开发,改善国内技术创新的宏观环境,鼓励国内有条件的企业积极开展研发国际化。     

跨国公司在华直接投资控的现状及对策

自20世纪90年代以来，外商来华投资数量高速增长，跨国公司在中国设立的合资企业也纷纷增资扩股，直至掌握企业的相对控股权甚至绝对控股权，有的甚至变为独资企业。可以说，控股已成为跨国公司在华投资谋取巨额经济利益的主要手段。据统计，在目前世界500强中，已有四百余家来华投资。这些跨国公司凭借自身在品牌、技术、资金、管理、人才和营销渠道等方面的优势很大程度上掌握着在华并购投资的主动权，并逐步对国内某些企业甚至某些行业形成了垄断的态势。     

从民族品牌的"蒸发"看跨国并购的垄断性

跨国公司的"天性"是追求垄断地位,运用资本、技术、管理优势,通过对重点行业、产业企业的并购减少竞争对手来增强其对企业经营环境的控制,提高市场集中程度,使并购企业获得某种形式的垄断或寡占.外资凭借其技术、规模、资金等优势高筑进入壁垒,阻止民族企业进入,甚至于独占市场,导致本土企业在世界经济发展过程中被"边缘化",使我国重新沦为"半殖民地经济".并购民族品牌并使之"蒸发"是其常用手段之一.     

FDI技术溢出途径下的溢出拦截机理及对策北大核心

基于FDI技术溢出途径和机制,立足于技术属性的视角,从技术复杂性、技术隐性、技术成熟度和政策因素四个维度,探索了不同技术溢出途径和机制的影响因素,并审视了跨国公司可能作出的反应。研究表明:开放市场与提高学习能力应统筹兼顾。传统制造业主要以低成本嵌入发达国家采购商主导的全球价值链。在高新技术产业中,政府应支持和鼓励其本土跨国公司,尤其是民营性质的跨国公司与国外大型采购商、主导企业合作与联系。对FDI所进入的行业进行评估,以免形成外资垄断。运用上述研究成果,文章对我国种业和汽车业FDI技术溢出效应的机理进行了实证检验。     

FDI技术溢出途径下的溢出拦截机理及对策

基于FDI技术溢出途径和机制,立足于技术属性的视角,从技术复杂性、技术隐性、技术成熟度和政策因素四个维度,探索了不同技术溢出途径和机制的影响因素,并审视了跨国公司可能作出的反应。研究表明:开放市场与提高学习能力应统筹兼顾。传统制造业主要以低成本嵌入发达国家采购商主导的全球价值链。在高新技术产业中,政府应支持和鼓励其本土跨国公司,尤其是民营性质的跨国公司与国外大型采购商、主导企业合作与联系。对FDI所进入的行业进行评估,以免形成外资垄断。运用上述研究成果,文章对我国种业和汽车业FDI技术溢出效应的机理进行了实证检验。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.