论开发性金融的超循环结构形式及其强大的信用建设功能

超循环理论是一套依赖生物化学过程来描述的系统自组织过程.本文以自然演化的超循环理论为分析工具对开发性金融的超循环结构形式进行探讨,阐述了开发性金融的内在机理和外在功能,从而揭示其强大的信用建设功能.     

我国经济循环中的泡沫

泡沫在本质上是基于“非真实”因素的自循环,是结构失衡的一种极端形式。我国近些年来出现过三个主要的自循环,一是镶嵌于国际大循环中的“双顺差-贸易部门的金融扩张-外汇储备”自循环、“土地财政-房地产-金融体系”的自循环以及“生产-投资”自循环。这些自循环是国民经济循环的组成部分,是经济结构调整的一种方式,在国民经济的机制演变中,分别经历了“优胜劣汰”、“劣币驱逐良币”以及“庞氏骗局”阶段,产生“过度膨胀”和“挤出效应”,类似于癌症,最终威胁到整个系统的存在．我国曾经历过国际大循环的泡沫破灭,引发了2008年经济的较大幅度调整,但我国产能过剩,以及土地、房地产以及金融体系的自循环尚未出现根本的调整。     

循环留守模式下农村留守妇女的问题研究——以广西河池市巴马县龙田村为例

城市化的发展造成了留守现象的发生。城市化是不可逆转的趋势,其必然伴随着留守人员循环留守现象的发生。循环留守模式带来循环留守妇女各方面的社会问题。如不及时解决留守人员的恶性循环问题,势必影响我国人力资源的可持续发展与社会的稳定。本文以一个具有典型留守特点的山村为基点,从循环留守现象出发,分析了我国循环留守模式的特点,借助实地观察与访问调查所得,切实分析了留守妇女存在的突出问题,并有针对性的提出了解决循环留守问题的对策与建议,以求达到保障循环留守妇女权益、规范城市化进程、促进人力资源良性循环的目的。     

中国不一样:从国际收支视角看跨境人民币业务发展

日前国家外汇管理局国际收支分析小组发布了《2012年中国跨境资金流动监测报告》.分析显示,我国跨境人民币的循环模式与历史上英美日等国本币国际化初期从资本项下输出、经常项目回流本币的模式大不相同.我们可以在借鉴国际经验的基础上,树立本外币一盘棋思想,加强监管政策协调,鼓励资本项目本币输出,积极推动跨境人民币业务持续健康发展.     

资产证券化循环购买结构的实践应用分析

随着资产证券化技术的日益成熟,基于发起机构盘活短期个人消费贷款的需要,在传统的静态资产池之外,衍生出新颖的循环购买结构。本文基于永盈2015-1与和享2016-1两期项目的比较,分析循环购买结构的适用场景、循环购买频率、超额利差去向以及有关信用触发机制等关键要素,提出开展循环结构资产证券化业务的对策建议。     

我国货币供给的致命缺陷:开放式循环

所有市场经济发育成熟的国家,其货币供给基本保持封闭式循环,这样社会货币供应量会基本保持不变,央行可以有效独立地实施宏观调控。而我国的货币供给是开放式的,虽然有其存在的必然性,但长此以往,央行将丧失调控的主动性和独立性。因此,我国的货币供给方式应从开放式循环向封闭式循环转变。     

基于GPU的并行集群系统的发展

一、前言 GPU集群的高性能主要归功于其大规模并行多核结构、多线程浮点算术中的高吞吐量,以及使用大型片上缓存显著减少了大量数据移动的时间。我们可以这样说：GPU集群比传统的CPU集群具有更好的成本效益。GPU集群不仅在速度性能上有巨大飞跃,而且显著降低了对空间、能源和冷却的要求。基于GPU的并行集群系统的各类产品遍布我国的生产,生活。本文将介绍GPU的并行集群的技术和其在我国的发展状况。     

国债市场、锚定效应与人民币的国际化——基于美元货币国际循环的经验与启示

货币国际化的关键在于货币国际流动循环的构建。在布雷顿森林体系崩溃之后美元仍然能继续充当国际货币,其必要条件是美元国际循环始终保持有效运行。国际货币载体以商品、技术和金融资产等形式表现出多种循环模式,如当前美元的金融产品主导型。美元国际循环在金融化转型之后,载体已由商品和服务演变为金融产品,回流渠道已由实体部门转为虚拟经济部门,其是否能顺畅取决于货币国际循环中金融产品的供给和需求以及结构关系。国债市场在货币国际循环中起到锚定作用,形成锚定效应促进货币循环。一方面,国债直接作为载体而存在;另一方面,能通过形成国债收益率曲线而成为其他金融产品的"锚",所以国债市场是增加金融产品供给的关键。同时,国债市场对金融体系和宏观经济具有稳定性引导作用,促进国际市场对金融产品的需求。鉴于此,人民币国际化过程中需要重视国债市场对金融体系和宏观经济的锚定效应及其国际货币循环载体的创造功能,从规模、流动性、安全性和开放性等维度促进人民币国债市场发展。     

江西构建硬币循环使用机制的实践及建议

硬币是人民币券别的重要组成部分,其流通质量对公众生活具有重要影响。本文从江西省硬币流通的实际情况出发,分析了硬币循环使用机制与存在的问题,研究认为:硬币自身缺陷导致流通效率低下;投回时空不一致影响了硬币循环使用效果;金融基础设施建设不足制约硬币在农村的循环使用;自助设备布放条件约束影响硬币循环使用,并提出了相关的解决对策。     

中小城市硬币自循环模式的路径思考——以景德镇市为例

自2016年起,中国人民银行总行全面推进硬币自循环工作。由于我国城市结构仍以中小城市为主,加上各地经济发展水平差异较大,因此难以形成统一规范的循环模式。本文以景德镇市为样本,分析了中小城市硬币自循环特点,比较了不同模式间优劣,并提出优化中小城市硬币自循环模式的政策建议。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original