资本结构的决定因素-来自中国的证据

同其他国家一样,中国上市公司的财务杠杆随企业规模、非债务性避税规模和公司固定资产的增加而增大,随公司盈利能力增加而减小,而且同上市公司所属行业相关。同时,它还会受到所有权结构的影响。同其他国家不同的是,中国上市公司的财务杠杆随公司经营风险程度的增加而增加,而且企业倾向于持有较低的长期债务。同融资的优序假说相比,静态权衡模型对中国上市公司的资本结构似乎有更强的解释力。     

资本结构的决定因素——来自中国的证据

同其他国家一样，中国上市公司的财务杠杆随企业规模、非债务性避税规模和公司固定资产的增加而增大，随公司盈利能力增加而减小，而且同上市公司所属行业相关。同时，它还会受到所有权结构的影响。同其他国家不同的是，中国上市公司的财务杠杆随公司经营风险程度的增加而增加，而且企业倾向于持有较低的长期债务。同融资的优序假说相比，静态权衡模型对中国上市公司的资本结构似乎有更强的解释力。     

我国上市公司资本结构决定因素的实证分析

本文通过对我国上市公司1996～2004年的财务及市场交易数据进行实证分析，研究上市公司资本结构决定因素及其影响程度。研究发现．我国上市公司财务杠杆随公司盈利能力、非债务避税的增加而减小，随着公司规模、平均所得税率增加而增大。基于分析结果本文提出了若干政策建议。     

融资约束与公司负债期限结构——来自中国A股市场的经验证据

基于中国上市公司1998-2004年面板数据对企业负债期限结构的影响因素,以及融资约束对负债期限结构的影响进行的实证分析结果表明:公司质量、公司规模、资产期限与负债期限正相关;财务杠杆、市账比、边际税率与负债期限相关性不显著;融资约束是影响公司负债期限的一个重要因素,融资约束与负债期限高度负相关;随着融资约束程度的增加,财务杠杆、资产期限与公司负债期限的相关性会受到影响.     

上市公司自愿性信息披露的影响因素研究

本文以2002年170家中国制造业上市公司为研究样本,借鉴Meek的研究方法,构建了我国上市公司自愿性信息披露指标体系,在此基础上着重分析公司规模、财务杠杆、盈余业绩、公司所在地和第一大股东所有权性质等5大因素对我国上市公司自愿性信息披露的影响。研究发现,公司规模、盈余业绩和公司所在地显著影响我国上市公司自愿性信息披露行为,而财务杠杆和第一大股东所有权性质与自愿性信息披露之间的相关关系在本文的研究中没有得到验证与支持。研究结论还表明,中国上市公司自愿性信息披露的影响因素与世界其他国家如美国、英国、新西兰、新加坡等国存在差异。     

融资约束与公司负债期限结松——来自中国A股市场的经验证据

基于中国上市公司1998—2004年面板数据对企业负债期限结构的影响因素，以及融资约束对负债期限结构的影响进行的实证分析结果表明：公司质量、公司规模、资产期限与负债期限正相关；财务杠杆、市账比、边际税率与负债期限相关性不显著；融资约束是影响公司负债期限的一个重要因素，融资约束与负债期限高度负相关；随着融资约束程度的增加，财务杠杆、资产期限与公司负债期限的相关性会受到影响。     

我国上市公司财务杠杆对投资支出的影响

本文实证检验了我国上市公司中财务杠杆与投资支出之间的关系.结果表明,企业投资支出整体上同负债呈负相关关系.迸一步研究发现,投资支出与财务杠杆的关系受公司股权性质的影响,公司的国有股权性质使得投资支出对负债的敏感性降低.     

关于上市公司财务杠杆与成长性的实证研究——以山西为例

上市公司的成长性与广大投资者、公司债权人、证券监管机构等都有着十分密切的关系.以山西省21家上市公司为研究对象,运用回归分析研究了上市公司财务杠杆与公司成长性的关系,并研究了上市公司成长性的其他影响因素.实证研究结果表明,山西省上市公司财务杠杆对公司成长有抑制作用.     

企业成长性的因素分析：来自上市公司的证据

本文采用计量研究方法，对企业成长性的影响因素进行了较广泛深入地分析。作者调查了2003年以前在上海交易所上市的763家上市公司，以2003年的横截面数据为样本，从行业属性、企业规模、资产结构、财务杠杆以及公司治理结构等方面实证考察了各个主要因素对公司成长性的影响。本文的研究结果表明，上市公司所处的行业大多对公司成长性具有显著的影响，企业成长性表现出显著的行业效应。另外，企业规模、固定资产投资、财务杠杆和股权结构对企业成长性也具有显著的影响。     

湖南上市公司资本结构质量分析

本文利用湖南上市公司的财务数据,从成本效益、财务杠杆、持股比率状况等方面对湖南上市公司的资本结构质量进行分析和比较.结果发现目前湖南上市公司资本结构不合理,财务杠杆比较高.     

The dynamic adjustment towards target capital structures of firms in transition economies*

We examine the capital structure dynamics of Central and Eastern European firms to get a better understanding of the quantitative and qualitative development of the financial systems in this region. The dynamic model used endogenizes the target leverage as well as the adjustment speed. It is applied to microeconomic data for ten countries. We find that during the transition process, firms generally increased their leverage, lowering the gap between the actual and the target leverage. Profitability and age are the most robust determinants of capital structure targets. Although banking system development has in general enabled firms to get closer to their leverage targets, information asymmetries between firms and banks are still relatively large. As a result, firms prefer internal finance above bank debt and adjust leverage only slowly.     

The firm information environment and capital structure: international evidence

This article investigates the effect of the firm information environment, characterized by the analyst characteristics, on firms’ capital structure choices and whether this effect varies according to country-level institutional environments. Using a comprehensive international data set that covers 19 939 firms across 41 countries between 2000 and 2010, we document two key findings. First, firms with lower analyst coverage, higher forecast dispersion and higher forecast errors have higher leverage. Second, the effect of the firm information environment on corporate leverage is attenuated in countries with stronger governance mechanism and better information transparency. This result suggests that a firm’s information environment is an important factor influencing its capital structure decision and that country-level institutional environments matter to this effect.     

CORPORATE LEVERAGE AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE

This paper examines the pattern of corporate leverage in the United States during the 1980s. Firms in other countries increased their debt during this period. However, the United States was the only major industrialized country in which firms experienced increases in both leverage and interest burden. Previous studies analyzing the distribution of corporate debt across sectors in the United States concluded that to the extent a pattern is discernible, highly indebted firms are concentrated in the stable sectors. This study confirms this earlier finding but shows that the U.S. firms that have been increasing their leverage most rapidly have been concentrated in cyclical sectors.     

The effects of China’s split-share reform on firms’ capital structure choice

China’s split-share structure reform in 2005–2006 mitigates agency conflicts between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders and thus may bring substantial changes to corporate financing behaviour. This article examines the impact of that reform on the capital structure decisions of firms by applying a variety of trade-off and pecking-order models. Using data from 1176 non-financial Chinese listed firms during the period 2000–2012, we present empirical evidence indicating that equity tracks the financing deficit better than debt in Chinese firms, a finding which is not consistent with pecking-order theory. This phenomenon is more prominent after 2006 as share reform increases trading activity in the secondary stock market and improves the transparency of financial markets. In addition, Chinese firms have an optimal leverage ratio and they adjust below-target leverage ratios faster than above-target leverage ratios after the implementation of share structure reform, although they make symmetric adjustments towards the target leverage ratio before 2007. Finally, recent share reform has prompted Chinese firms to more quickly address the divergence of actual leverage ratios from long-term target levels, but has slowed their response to short-term target leverage divergence.     

Firms’ leverage and labour productivity: a quantile approach in Portuguese firms

We show that the leverage of Portuguese firms tends to negatively affect its labour productivity for firms with relatively lower labour productivity but to positively affect this variable for firms in the right-hand side of the productivity distribution. This is particularly important in a country where labour productivity is persistently lower compared with the richer countries in Europe. Thus, we have concluded that, controlling for the usual effects, increasing leverage cannot be a solution for the less productive (and consequently the majority) of Portuguese firms.     

Firm size and debt maturity as indirect determinants of capital structure: evidence form European panel data

The study aims at verifying whether the firm size and debt maturity affect the relationship between capital structure and its main determinants. Using panel data models, the impact of the primary factors on leverage is compared across three size groups of firms and for different measures of debt in order to identify the size effect and the debt maturity effect in these relationships. The study covers 11 EU countries during the period 2000–2013. Findings provide evidence that financing choices of small firms provide more support for the pecking-order theory, whereas medium and large-sized firms tend to follow the trade-off predictions on leverage. It also appears that the trade-off theory is more applicable for short-term debt, while pecking order – for long-term debt.     

走进非洲-中国对非洲投资决定因素的实证研究

本文基于中国对外投资提出了两个命题:即中国在投资中是否对非洲国家(地区)存在偏好性;同时,对非洲国家的投资如何受到目标国经济、地缘、政治与环境等因素的影响.实证中采用极限边界分析法来确定稳健显著的投资决定因素.结论证明中国对非洲国家的投资不存在偏好性,而主要取决于目标国经济、市场及能源储量.此外,本文还发现有些风险在中国对外投资行为中未受到足够重视.这将是中国跨国企业在未来所面临的一个重要的挑战.     

Bank loan supply shocks and leverage adjustment

We investigate the effect of bank loan supply shocks on firms’ leverage adjustment. We show that the impact of bank shocks is larger for firms with greater dependence on financially troubled banks. We measure firms’ pre-crisis loan dependence on troubled banks by using matched firm–bank loan data. Using the boom-bust cycle from 1987 to 2014 in Japan as a quasi-experiment, we find that financially constrained firms adjust their leverage slower during credit-crunch periods than during other periods. During credit-crunch periods following banking crisis, firms associated with failing banks or with banks that have a limited capacity to supply loans show a slower adjustment than other firms. Bank shocks have significant effects on small firms’ adjustment but not on that of large firms. These results are robust when we consider demand-side effects and perform other robustness tests. Our results imply that bank shocks have a persistent effect on borrowers’ leverage.     

Leverage versus volatility: Evidence from the capital structure of European firms

The impact of leverage on financial market stability and the relationship with the real economy is a key concern among researchers. This paper makes an initial attempt to investigate the relationship between a firm’s leverage, return and share price volatility from an Islamic finance perspective and capital structure theory. A multi-country dynamic panel framework and the mean-variance efficient frontier are applied to 320 sample firms from eight European countries, divided into portfolios of low and high debt using the shari’ah screening threshold of 33%. We find that the firm’s return and volatility change with changes in the capital structure. Islamic-compliant stocks show, in most cases, less volatility than non-compliant stocks but are no different in terms of return. Finally, our results tend to imply a case for limiting debt beyond certain levels.     

Capital structure and institutional setting: a decompositional and international analysis

The legal and institutional setting is more and more influential in firms’ financial decisions. Our article analyses firms’ capital structure in an international framework in order to assess the different level of debt use across countries and to identify both common and differential explanatory factors. Although the level of financial leverage is quite different, the factors that have traditionally driven capital structure decisions have much in common in all the legal and institutional settings. The performance and size of the firm, the assets tangibility and the growth opportunities have a relevant but differential effect across the different institutional systems. Consequently, our results suggest that the legal and institutional system of each country does not only affect firms’ capital structure but also creates the conditions to explain a differential effect of the common determinants of firms’ financial choices.