2011年生产资料市场价格走势综述

2011年,国际经济环境复杂多变,欧债危机进一步深化蔓延,世界经济增长乏力。我国宏观经济面临的国内外形势较为复杂,但我国政府坚持把"控通胀、稳物价"作为首要调控任务,一年来政策效果逐步显现,实现了有效遏制物价过快上涨,保持经济平稳较快发展的预期目标,实现了经济由政策刺激向自主增长的有序转变。全年我国生产资料市场价格整体呈现前升后降的走势,特别是四季     

财政政策“加油门” 货币政策“松刹车”——“稳增长”需突出结构性政策的应有作用

近期宏观经济指标一再低于市场预期,"稳增长"紧迫性进一步显现,及时调整宏观经济政策势在必行。建议实施以"补投资、促消费为重点,结构调整与总量松动结合,结构措施为主"的稳增长政策组合。财政政策应在"稳增长"中发挥"加油门"作用,运用结构性减税、加速折旧、扩大设备更新、基础设施薄弱环节和民生领域投资等工具来适当扩大投资、促进消费、稳定出口。货币政策需要发挥"松刹车"作用,运用利率、准备金率等工具及时解除前期反通胀中形成的紧缩惯性,消除经济继续下行诱因,促进经济及时回稳。一、实施"结构与总量结合、结构措施为主"的稳增长政策宏观经济数据中价格和供需指标持续"双降",说明前期反通胀     

2013年10月份生产资料价格未能延续上升走势

2013年10月份,伴随着我国稳增长的政策措施逐渐显示成效,宏观经济继续保持稳定增长。生产资料市场需求回暖,企业效益有所改善。但是这种积极的发展态势刚刚形成,尚未从根本上得到巩固。加之由于前期市场价格反弹较快,生产规模快速回升,供需矛盾有所扩大。在此背景下,生产资料市场价格没能延续前两个月的持续环比上     

2012年11月份生产资料市场价格再现跌势

2012年11月份,伴随着宏观经济温和回升,国内生产资料市场需求有所回暖,黑色金属、原煤、建材等产品价格稳中略升。而受到美国财政悬崖、欧洲债务危机不确定性以及日本经济低迷等诸多国际因素影响,有色金属、化工产品、成品油等产品价格下跌明显,成为当月拉低我国生产资料市场价格总水平的主要因素,加之部分生产资料品种生产回升过快,供需矛盾扩大,国内生产资料市场价格整体再现跌势。当月环比下降0.44%;同比下降5.64%,降幅     

2007年经济形势分析及2008年宏观政策取向

一、2007年主要宏观经济指标的预测 2007年,我国多项宏观经济指标的增长比上年有所加快,整体经济基本实现了"又好又快"的发展目标.     

财税改革红利仍存

我国新一轮财税改革将加快推出,也势必联系其他一些重要方面形成价、税、财、金融等通盘协调配套的新一轮改革。我国宏观经济在2012年可如愿实现7.5%以上的增长目标,估计在2012年四季度企稳回升,在"稳增长"政策措施的影响下,2013年一季度的宏观经济指标将比较好看。估计2013年度宏观经济政策也将延续积极的财政政策与稳健的货币政策,财政年度预算安排仍将有较可观的赤字规模,并将继续强调结构性     

生产资料价格分析及政策建议

今年以来,国内经济缓中趋稳,投资增速回落,产能过剩问题突出,在国际大宗产品价格稳中略降的背景下,国内生产资料价格持续下降。预计下一步我国生产资料价格将呈稳中略降走势,降幅将有所收窄。     

2月份生产资料市场价格止跌回稳

2月份伴随着我国宏观经济整体缓中趋稳的走势,生产资料市场价格止跌回稳,本月环比上升0.8%,同比价格下降2.1%。监测的九大类品种,整体来看主要呈现出三种价格走势,一是,黑色金属、原煤和建材类产品价格继续下行,但跌幅趋缓,其中黑色金属、     

注重调控节奏 实现稳中求进——当前宏观经济形势的分析与建议

我国宏观经济在2010年成功实现"V型"反弹后,于2011年步入增速下行的区间。2012年上半年,宏观经济不仅延续了2011年逐季回落的趋势,而且在多重因素的持续作用下,呈现出加速回落的态势。欧洲主权债务危机、美国债务上限问题以及全球不平衡的逆转,意味着世界经济步入结构重构和格局转换时期,决定了世界经济改善的步伐不仅十分缓慢,还充满了不确定性。受此影响,我国外部环境将面临持续的外需下滑和资本外逃的冲击,输入性衰退与波动具有中期化的趋势。因此,应关注宏观经济政策短期"稳增长"与中期"调结构"之间的矛盾,短期应利用刺激内需弥补外需的下滑,但刺激力度不宜过大,不宜对宏观经济增速回落做出过激反应,宏观政策的转向不能过猛。一、宏观经济走势预测与分析(一)宏观经济运行的主要特征     

物价回升力度有限 短期不易引发通货膨胀

今年一季度,国民经济继续保持了去年以来较快增长的良好势头,多数宏观经济指标增长强劲,特别是居民消费价格指数在持续下跌一年后开始由负转正,生产资料价格强劲反弹,通货紧缩压力明显缓解。但是,对当前价格上涨也有人表示担心。我们认为,短期内物价回升力度有限,不易引发通货膨胀。     

Forecasting commodity price indexes using macroeconomic and financial predictors

Using a long sample of commodity spot price indexes over the period 1947–2010, we examine the out-of-sample predictability of commodity prices by means of macroeconomic and financial variables. Commodity currencies are found to have some predictive power at short (monthly and quarterly) forecast horizons, while growth in industrial production and the investment–capital ratio have some predictive power at longer (yearly) horizons. Commodity price predictability is strongest when based on multivariate approaches that account for parameter estimation error. Commodity price predictability varies substantially across economic states, being strongest during economic recessions.     

宏观经济政策对房地产上市公司资本结构的影响

上市房地产公司由于其特殊的经济地位和所占据的重要社会地位,导致了它毫无疑问地成为了政府进行宏观调控的焦点。本文在阐述宏观经济要素对资本结构影响理论的基础上,利用多元线性回归模型实证分析了房地产行业的资本结构。实证表明:资产负债率与通货膨胀率呈反向变化,而与实际贷款利率呈同向变化,与GDP增长率和市盈率关系不显著。进而探讨了房地产上市公司资本结构的优化策略。     

Exchange rate volatility and growth in small open economies at the EMU periphery

Since the introduction of the euro in January 1999, exchange rate stability in the periphery of the euro area is growing. The paper investigates the impact of exchange rate stability on growth for a sample of 41 mostly small open economies at the EMU periphery. It identifies international trade, international capital flows and macroeconomic stability as important transmission channels from exchange rate stability to more growth. Panel estimations reveal a robust negative relationship between exchange rate volatility and growth for countries in the economic catch-up process with open capital accounts.     

Formal education and public knowledge

In this paper, I examine the transitional dynamics of an economy populated by individuals who split their time between acquiring a formal education, producing final goods, and innovating.The paper has two objectives: (i) uncovering the macroeconomic circumstances that favored the rise of formal education; (ii) to reconcile the remarkable growth of the education sector with the constancy of other key macroeconomic variables, such as the interest rate, the consumption-output ratio, and the growth rate of per capita income (Kaldor facts).The transitional dynamics of human capital growth models, such as Lucas (1998), would attribute the arrival of education to the diminishing marginal productivity of physical capital. Conversely, the model proposed here suggests that it is the rate of learning that catches up with the rate of return on physical capital. As technical knowledge expands, the rate of return on education increases, inducing individuals to stay longer in school. The model's transitional paths are matched with long run U.S. educational and economic data.     

交易效率、迂回生产与资本市场形成：超边际一般均衡分析

引入"里昂惕夫"生产技术,建立一个超边际-新兴古典一般均衡模型,分析交易效率对最终品的迂回生产结构的影响,以揭示资本市场形成的微观机制.研究显示,随着资本品和最终品的综合交易效率相对于生产者自用资本品的效率的充分改进,资本市场将出现在分工结构中,并对最终品市场产生促进作用;而资本品和最终品的交易效率对经济增长具有交互的正效应.从模型中得出的一项政策含义是:经济增长有赖于更大程度地改进资本市场和产品市场的交易效率.     

我国银行体系的稳健性研究——基于面板VAR的实证分析

本文构建了我国银行稳健性指标体系的核心指标组,并合成银行稳健性指数BSI以综合评价我国银行体系的稳定性,检验了银行稳健性与经济增长、信贷规模扩张及资本市场价格之间的面板Granger因果关系。通过构建面板VAR模型度量了宏观经济与金融变量对银行稳定性的冲击。方差分解的结果显示,银行稳健性的波动主要受自身和GDP的影响,GDP增长率对BSI的波动的解释程度接近50%,说明银行的稳健性依赖于稳定的经济增长,受经济冲击的影响程度相当高。     

The impact of foreign trade issues on economic growth in some developing countries including Iran and Turkey

The issue of foreign trade and economic growth have been on the economic agenda for centuries. Foreign trade is a facilitator of goods and services exchange in the global marketplace and is an engine of economic growth in a country. Moreover, economic growth is a means to improve the output, employment opportunities, and welfare, which in turn could make a favorable impact on the positive foreign trade balance. Economic growth is also an essential component of country competitiveness in international markets. Yet, the objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between foreign trade and economic growth in some developing countries, including Iran and Turkey, by using econometrics applications (panel co-integration method and E-views software), also resting on credible national and international publications. Thus, it is estimated in the study that foreign trade has a positive impact on economic growth, resource allocation, energy and green energy consumption, human capital development, and physical capital consumption.     

A Test of U. S. National Economic Policy in the Post-World War II Period

Abstract . This inquiry is an effort to evaluate the macroeconomic performance of the United States economy in the period after the close of World War II in terms of the macroeconomic goals to which national economic policy supposedly had been directed. That is, whether policy achieved full employment, price stability or an adequate rate of growth. Insofar as key indicators can be used as a basis for judgment—and there is, as yet, no scientific basis for measuring how far that reliance can be chanced—it would appear that policy was least successful in attaining full employment with price stability, or full employment, or price stability. In certain infrequent periods, growth seems to have occurred. But was its rate “adequate?” And did it result from policy? Analysis by key indicators may not tell us much, if anything; but it helps to delineate an approach toward policy-monitoring researchers need to cultivate.     

Bank competition,financial development and macroeconomic stability: Empirical evidence from emerging economies

In this study, we investigate the potential contribution of bank competition to macroeconomic stability, and the interactive role of financial development. We classify macroeconomic stability into economic and financial stability. Economic stability is represented by the volatility of actual and unexpected output growth, whereas financial stability is assessed by the aggregate Z-score and volatility of the private credit-to-gross domestic product ratio. We employ two structural and two non-structural measures of bank competition in our analysis. Applying a two-step dynamic panel system (GMM) to macroeconomic data from 48 developing nations from 1999 to 2018, we find a bell-shaped relationship between bank competition and macroeconomic stability. The findings imply that a higher level of bank competition promotes macroeconomic stability by reducing output growth volatility, fluctuations in private credit, and the probability of bank default. There is an optimal level of bank competition beyond which it may foster economic and financial instability. Moreover, financial development enhances bank competition’s positive impact on macroeconomic stability.     

Introducing the supply side into the LBS Model

This Briefing Paper describes a new version of the London Business School model, which incorporates our most recent research on the supply side. The changes reflect the desire to improve the specification of the supply-side of the model, and to capture the effects of taxes on the incentives to save, invest and to work, while still retaining the basic features of the income-expenditure framework. The main features of the new model are: - Gross domestic product is determined as the sum of the outputs of five sectors. Previously GDP was determined by the demand side as the sum of the expenditure components. - Domestic demand for the output of the private sector depends on domestic absorption and on the price of this output relative to import prices. Overseas demand for exports depends on world economic activity and on the price of exports relative to the world price of exports. - Supply depends on the capital stock, real unit labour costs and real raw material prices. In the short run, input prices are allowed to affect the mix between goods which are exported and those which are supplied to the domestic market. In the long run, however, the mix depends only on the price of exports relative to the price of domestically supplied goods (i.e., relative profitability). - In the short run, disequilibrium in the goods market is reflected in adjustments to prices, inventories and the external balance. - Since gross domestic product is determined by summing the output of each sector, output decisions are reconciled with expenditure decisions by making imports the difference between final expenditure and aggregate supply. - In the long run, increases in government expenditure crowd out private expenditure, but the effect takes several years to come through. - A cut in corporation taxes which is not financed by higher taxes elsewhere boosts the supply side by raising investment and the capital stock, but not by enough to raise revenues sufficiently to pay for the tax cut. Private sector saving increases but not by enough to fund higher public sector borrowing, so the current account goes into deficit. - In the short run, both supply and demand factors influence economic activity; in the long run, the path of the economy depends only on population growth, capital accumulation and technical progress.