农村土地整理中公众参与机制探析

本文针对我国农业现代化建设中土地整理这个热点问题,探索了在我国建立农村土地整理的公众参与机制的重要性,分析了当前我国公众参与土地整理中存在的一系列问题,通过借鉴西方一些比较成熟的公众参与土地整理的经验,结合我国实际,提出通过建立以保护公众利益为导向的土地整理制度,成立公众参与土地整理的民间协会组织,完善土地整理法律法规和加强土地整理的相关信息的透明度等措施来完善我国公众参与土地整理机制.     

新农村建设的土地整理与土地生态保护分析

为了可持续利用土地资源,提升土地资源的利用率,促使耕地总量能够一直保持动态平衡,近些年,我国各地区都展开了土地整理工作。通过土地整理,不仅能够优化配置土地资源,同时还能够有效的增大耕地面积,从而达到土地生产力的提升。因此本文对新农村建设的土地整理与土地生态保护进行了深入的研究,分析了土地整理与土地生态保护存在的问题,从而提出了解决土地整理与土地生态保护问题的有效建议和措施。     

我国农村建设用地整理与发展模式探讨

我国农村长期以来都存在土地废弃或闲置的现象,这些现象导致我国大量土地无法合理利用,加剧了土地的紧张化程度.尤其是平原地区,村落零散分布于耕地中,导致农业生产无法机械化和规模管理化,最终致使经营规模缩小,土地效益降低.我国现已开展各种各样的用地整理工作,并形成了一定的规模,而对居民点的用地整理存在着一些棘手的问题.本文针对农村建设用地整理中出现的问题,进行探讨,并给出相应的处理方法和措施.     

土地整理产业化的探讨

土地整理产业化是解决目前我国土地整理资金筹措问题的有效措施，同时也是今后土地整理工作的发展方向。本文从土地整理产业化的涵义、土地整理产业化的本质特征、实行土地整理产业化的意义、我国土地整理产业化的政策法律基础以及运作模式对土地整理产业化进行了探讨，并详细地分析了我国土地整理产业化发展的制约因素，同时提出了推进土地整理产业化发展的建议。本文从各个方面对土地整理产业化进行了详细地探讨，对今后的土地整理工作具有一定的指导意义。     

我国土地整理的法律思考

土地整理是土地管理法中的一项基本制度,其对我国经济发展和土地的可持续利用有着重要的作用,但由于就土地整理的相关法律规定不明确,影响了土地整理的顺利开展.本文就其中的有关问题进行探讨,以期进一步完善土地整理制度.     

三峡库区移民安置土地开发整理工程措施体系研究

研究目的:探讨三峡库区土地开发整理的特点和应注意的问题.研究方法:归纳分析法.研究结果:提出了三峡库区土地整理的工程措施体系.研究结论:三峡库区土地开发整理应按生态保育型土地整理模式进行,在保护生态的基础上提高土地利用和产出率.     

土地整理的生物多样性影响研究综述

研究目的:总结土地整理对生物多样性影响的研究,进一步确立土地整理和生物多样性的关系,生态化土地整理项目.研究方法:文献资料和逻辑推理法.研究内容:综述土地整理和生物多样性的相关概念、内容及其内在联系,总结了目前国内外研究最新动态,主要从农地整理这个层面分析了土地整理和生物多样性的关系,结合我国现状,提出了相关对策.研究结论:土地整理过程是对现有土地利用格局的改变,必然影响到土地生态系统的稳定性,若整理不当将破坏生物多样性,降低土地的生产能力,影响土地资源的可持续利用.     

对农村土地整理的思考

结合我国的基本国情,进行农村土地整理是为保持耕地总量的动态平衡而采取的重要措施,它对于调整土地利用方式,优化土地利用结构,改善区域生态环境,促进城镇化发展,促进农业增产,农民增收、确保国土资源实现科学发展具有重要的现实意义。本文试从土地整理中存在的问题进行思考分析,并提出一些相应的对策思路。     

加快城市土地整理的对策研究

本文在国内外城市土地整理研究的基础上,明确了城市土地整理的内涵,界定了城市土地整理的研究范围。并运用实证分析和比较分析的方法分析了促使我国城市土地整理的影响因素,得出了城市土地整理是我国城市土地利用政策的必然选择的结论,进而提出了优化我国城市土地整理的对策建议。     

国土整理与土地可持续利用的经济学分析

土地资源持续利用问题是解决农业可持续利用的根本途径,土地整理是土地资源持续利用的基础和途径。土地整理的收益与成本核算的特殊性决定了土地整理的绩效,通过土地整理的经济分析,可以为土地整理主体提供优化的策略,政府应该以最大限度的推进土地整理为目标,以运用竞争机制为导向,采用包括推进土地整理产业化在内的多种措施,在权衡土地整理成本和收益的基础上,实行推进土地整理策略。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.