我国通货膨胀影响因素的理论和实证分析

文章从理论和实证上分析了影响我国通货膨胀的因素。实证分析结果表明,名义货币供给增长率对通货膨胀率有显著的正向影响;通货膨胀率和实际产出增长率存在显著的负相关;通货膨胀惯性对当期通货膨胀也有一定的影响。M2/GDP比率的变化与通货膨胀率存在显著的负相关。     

通货膨胀预期、高管社会资本与商业信用融资——来自中国上市民营公司的经验证据

基于2007-2016年中国上市民营企业非平衡面板数据,探究通货膨胀预期、高管社会资本分别对商业信用融资的影响,并检验了高管社会资本的调节作用。研究发现:预期通货膨胀率与商业信用融资显著负相关;高管社会资本与商业信用融资显著正相关;进一步发现高管社会资本能够弱化预期通货膨胀率对商业信用融资的负面影响。据此结论提出如下建议:政府应加强维护较为稳定的宏观经济状态,将通货膨胀控制在合理范围中以缓解其对民营企业商业信用融资的负面影响;民营企业应加强其高管社会资本关系网络的构建,尤其在预期通货膨胀率上升时期,以降低其商业信用融资门槛而获得更多融资。     

我国居民货币储蓄行为模型分析

无论是拉姆齐模型、托宾模型，还是西德罗斯基模型，都不能解释发展中国家居民的货币储蓄与通货膨胀(或通货紧缩)以及生产率变化的关系。本文以拉姆齐模型为框架，根据发展中国家(尤其是中国)的国情对拉姆齐模型的条件假定进行了修正，并将货币纳入效用函数中，对发展中国家居民的货币储蓄进行分析。证明了居民的储蓄与通货膨胀率成逆向关系，与通货紧缩率成正向关系，与生产率的提高成正向关系。     

资本投入对我国经济增长的影响——基于拓展的MRW框架的分析

本文基于同时包含物质资本、教育资本、健康资本和R&D资本的拓展的MRW框架,根据我国31个省(市、自治区)1998~2007年的数据,考察了资本投入对我国人均实际产出以及经济增长的影响。研究发现,物质资本投资、教育投资和R&D投资对我国人均实际产出以及经济增长具有显著的促进作用,健康投资对产出水平有显著的促进作用,但对经济增长的影响不显著。在此基础上,本文估算了我国总量的生产函数以及资本投资的回报率。此外,本文还将全要素生产率内生化,进一步考察了资本投入对我国人均实际产出与经济增长的影响。     

我国货币长期超中性实证研究

通过一个三元(货币供应量M2的增长率、名义利率、实际产出)结构向量自回归模型研究货币供应量增长率的一次永久性变动对实际产出、名义利率的长期影响，结果表明在中国货币超中性不成立，存在Mundell-Tobin效应，即货币供应量M2增长率的一次永久性变动使实际产出增加，实际利率下降。     

我国股票收益率与通货膨胀率相关性研究

本文考察了股票收益率与预期和非预期通货膨胀率之间的关系。长期来看,预期通货膨胀率与股票收益率存在显著的正相关关系,但相关系数较小;非预期的通货膨胀率与股票收益率负相关。在短期内,预期的通货膨胀率变动对股票收益变化无显著影响,只有非预期的通货膨胀率的变化才会显著降低股票收益。     

基于数据包络分析法的涉农金融机构经营效率分析

文章以2012年246家涉农金融机构的4项投入因素(员工人数、总利息支出、非利息费用与净值)与3项产出因素(贷款收入、非贷款收入与逾期贷款比率)为研究对象,利用非预期因素数据包络分析法,分析涉农金融机构经营效率的评估,并提出达到相对有效率应改善的方向。研究发现:舍弃逾期贷款比率与不舍弃逾期贷款比率的产出导向BCC模型间,占总体样本的8.54%,显现两种方法有其差异性。这是因为涉农金融逾期贷款比率愈高,需要付出更多的人力去催讨与处理抵押品的损失,皆会影响涉农金融机构经营效率。此外,投入或产出项需要调整的涉农金融机构占80.89%。涉农金融机构经营效率低下的主要原因是资源分配不当,如何降低经营成本与开拓业务实属当务之急。     

基于HP滤波分析的中国牺牲率的长期影响研究

牺牲率指实际产出损失与趋势通货膨胀率变化量的比率,用来衡量降低通货膨胀成本。Ball(1994)假设通货收缩周期终点后四个季度回到潜在产出,忽视了长期影响。本文从理论上证实未考虑长期影响将会低估牺牲率,并采用HP滤波估计中国季度和年度牺牲率分别为1.85和2.68,高于传统方法的0.28和0.3。季度牺牲率低于G7国家的平均水平,实证研究发现通货收缩速度、初始趋势通货膨胀率和贸易开放度是影响牺牲率水平的重要因素。     

核心通货膨胀研究——基于SVAR模型

本文在比较核心通货膨胀各种计算方法的基础上,构建包含产出、通货膨胀率和货币供应量的SVAR模型,通过施加三个经济学的长期约束,考察了供给冲击和需求冲击对产出与通货膨胀的影响,并最终估计出我国1997年12月至2011年12月的核心通货膨胀率。通过比较发现,相对于实际通货膨胀率,核心通货膨与其趋势相近,但波动更小,更稳定,在宏观经济调控中,有十分重要的应用价值。     

自然通货膨胀率的形成机理与实证分析——以资本周转理论为基础

社会资本运动会引发流通中货币存量的变动,自发性货币存量变动导致物价水平的变化,从而引致一个自发性的通货膨胀率,即自然通货膨胀率。运用1997-2014年相关数据对我国自然通货膨胀率进行实证分析,所得结论基本与我国经济运行相一致,自然通货膨胀率对于数次的经济危机的反应更为灵敏。     

Debt Erosion and the Market Process

This paper explores the effects of debt erosion on the market process. Debt erosion is the attempt by government to lower the real value of its debt through the creation of unexpected inflation. In addition to the costs recognised by most economists, debt erosion through unexpected inflation can impair the price system's ability to coordinate exchange activity and can result in costly capital misallocations. This is because the creation of unexpected inflation implies disequilibrium in the money market. To avoid the harm from such monetary shocks, this paper suggests a separation between money and state, enshrined in an explicit rule at the constitutional level.     

Optimal interest rate stabilization in a basic sticky-price model

This paper studies optimal monetary policy with the nominal interest rate as the single policy instrument. Firms set prices in a staggered way without indexation and real money balances contribute separately to households’ utility. The optimal deterministic steady state under commitment is the Friedman rule—even if the importance assigned to the utility of money is small relative to consumption and leisure. We approximate the model around the optimal steady state as the long-run policy target. Optimal monetary policy is characterized by stabilization of the nominal interest rate instead of inflation stabilization as the predominant principle.     

Oil exports and the Iranian economy

This paper presents an error-correcting macroeconometric model for the Iranian economy estimated using a new quarterly data set over the period 1979Q1–2006Q4. It builds on a recent paper by the authors, Esfahani, Mohaddes, and Pesaran (in press), which develops a theoretical long-run growth model for major oil exporting economies. The core variables included in this paper are real output, real money balances, inflation, exchange rate, oil exports, and foreign real output, although the role of investment and consumption are also analysed in a sub-model. The paper finds clear evidence for the existence of two long-run relations: an output equation as predicted by the theory and a standard real money demand equation with inflation acting as a proxy for the (missing) market interest rate. The results show that real output in the long run is influenced by oil exports and foreign output. However, it is also found that inflation has a significant negative long-run effect on real GDP, which is suggestive of economic inefficiencies and is matched by a negative association between inflation and the investment–output ratio. Finally, the results of impulse responses show that the Iranian economy adjusts quite quickly to the shocks in foreign output and oil exports, which could be partly due to the relatively underdeveloped nature of Iran's financial markets.     

Health human capital and economic growth in Sub-Saharan African and OECD countries

This paper investigates the effects of health human capital on the growth rate of per capita income in Sub-Saharan African and OECD countries. Using an expanded Solow growth model, panel data, and a dynamic panel estimator, we find that the growth rate of per capita income is strongly and positively influenced by the stock of, and investment in, health human capital after controlling for other variables. The stock of health human capital affects the growth rate of per capita income in a quadratic way: the growth impact of health human capital decreases at relatively large endowments of health stock. Our estimates suggest that 22% and 30% of the transition growth rate of per capita income in Sub-Saharan African and OECD countries respectively, can be attributed to health. The structure of the relationship between health human capital and the growth rate of income in Sub-Saharan African countries is similar to the structure of the relationship in OECD countries. This implies that increased stocks of health human capital leads to higher steady state income. Our results have interesting policy implications.     

Consumer demand

Consumer spending has expanded consistently for seven quarters. The initial momentum in 2012 came from a pickup in real income growth, driven by strong job creation, lower inflation and the generous uprating of social benefits. This momentum appears to have stalled in 2013H1, although the picture is complicated by higher earners having delaying income to take advantage of the reduction in the top rate of income tax from 50% to 45%. Yet despite the slowdown in real incomes, spending has held up because confidence has improved and households have reduced their precautionary saving; the savings ratio fell back from 6.8% in 2012 to average 5.2% in 2013H1…     

重工业化、人均实际GDP与碳强度——基于省级面板数据

本文运用Driscoll-Kraay的稳健性估计方法分析了中国碳强度与重工业比重以及人均实际GDP之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）碳强度与人均实际GDP之间存在着非线性的负相关关系，同时，碳强度下降的速度是先随人均实际GDP提高而加快随后又放缓的的这样一个倒U型关系。（2）重工业比重同碳强度之间存在着显著的正相关关系，并且回归系数比较大，说明重工业比重对于我国碳强度的影响比较大，通过降低重工业比重有助于降低我国的碳强度。     

Adaptive learning and monetary exchange

This paper investigates three classic questions in monetary theory: How can an intrinsically worthless asset, such as fiat money, maintain value as a medium of exchange? What are the short-run and long-run effects of a change in the money supply? What is the social cost of inflation? I answer these questions using a microfounded model of monetary exchange that replaces the rational expectations assumption with an adaptive learning rule. First, I show that monetary exchange is a robust arrangement in the sense that agents are able to learn the stationary monetary equilibrium while the non-monetary equilibrium is unstable under learning. Second, an unanticipated monetary injection has real effects in the short-run because learning the value of money takes time. In the long run, agents successfully learn the value of money, hence money is neutral. Third, under a constant money growth policy, an increase in the growth rate of money increases output in the short-run producing a short-run Phillips curve. A ten percent increase in the money growth rate has a social cost of 0.41 percent of output per year. Alternatively, a ten percent decrease in the money growth rate has a social benefit of 0.37 percent of output per year.     

On the long-run relationship between inflation and output in a spatial overlapping generations model

The paper builds a model that features spatial differentiation of markets, and then uses it to study, first, the relationship between inflation and the steady-state level of output, and second, the relationship between inflation and the steady-state distribution of output across the economy. A steady-state of the model entails a stationary distribution of money across the locations of the economy. With all else held fixed, a change in the rate of money-growth induces a change in the distribution of money, which leads to a change in labour supply and production throughout the economy. Thus the distribution of money provides a channel through which a change in monetary policy affects real economic activity.     

网络虚拟货币兑换率对实际消费金额的影响

随着网络游戏的流行,网络虚拟货币日益普及。目前,不同游戏中虚拟货币与真实货币的兑换比率有很大差别。从货币幻觉理论出发,本文通过实验验证了随着兑换比率（每单位真实货币可兑换的虚拟货币数额）的增加,实际消费的真实货币数额呈先升后降的变化,并且消费者的富有程度感知起到中介作用。研究结果将对游戏厂商如何制定虚拟货币兑换率以达到最大程度盈利起到重要的指导作用。