机构投资者持股特征对IPOs长期绩效影响的实证研究

文章从机构投资者持股规模、持股集中度、持股稳定性三个方面归纳不同类型机构投资者持股特征,采用Log-it回归检验机构投资者持股特征对上市后股票购买并持有异常回报率(BHAR),即IPOs长期绩效的影响。实证结果验证了机构投资者持股比例越高、持股稳定性越强,股票上市后的长期绩效越好;而持股比例低、持股集中度高、持股稳定性差的机构投资者也导致了股票长期表现较差。积极型机构投资者对股票长期绩效具有正面的影响。因此,引入积极型机构投资者符合当前我国股票市场深化改革的目标。     

家族上市公司与机构投资者持股内因:权限抑或公司价值

基于机构投资者持股对家族上市公司价值影响的实证分析表明,机构投资者持股提高了家族企业价值,机构投资者持股比例和公司价值正相关。在控制性家族股东现金流权增大的情况下,机构投资者持股可以提高公司价值,而在控制性家族控制权增大的情况下,机构投资者持股对公司价值的提升作用会减弱。控制权与现金流权偏离程度越大时,机构投资者持股对公司价值的提升幅度也会降低,但不显著。     

上市公司ESG责任表现与机构投资者持股偏好 ——来自中国A股上市公司的经验证据

随着社会责任投资理念的广泛认同,中国证券市场中的机构投资者也更加关注企业的ESG 责任表现,但异质性机构投资者的ESG 责任持股偏好可能是有差异的。基于2010-2018 年A 股上市公司数据,实证研究结果发现：整体来看,机构投资者能够关注到公司ESG 责任表现,在中国A 股市场具有明显的ESG 责任偏好,特别是对国有企业ESG 责任表现的持股偏好更加明显。通过对异质性机构投资者的研究表明,相较于非独立型与短期交易型机构投资者来说,独立型机构投资者与长期稳定型机构投资者持股具有更加显著的ESG 责任偏好。进一步研究还发现,ESG责任表现更好的公司,具有更高的超额回报;利用本次新冠疫情外生风险事件冲击的分析也表明,ESG 责任表现较好的公司抗风险能力更强,累积超额收益远高于ESG 责任表现差的公司。     

机构投资者交易行为和股票价格趋势

机构投资者是股票市场上重要的投资主体,其投资行为关系到股市的健康稳定发展。本 文基于 2005-2016 年 A 股市场上市公司被机构投资者持股比例的季度数据,研究了机构投资者的 交易行为以及其对股价趋势的影响。实证研究结果表明:第一,机构投资者是动量交易者,并且 当期机构投资者持股比例越高,下期持股比例改变的越少;第二,机构投资者的动量交易行为会 造成股票价格形成短期趋势,并且被机构投资者持股比例越高的公司,其股价趋势越弱;第三, 采用技术指标可以获得 α 收益,在经过一些列稳健性检验后,α 收益依然存在。本文的学术贡 献在于:第一,实证研究发现了机构投资者的动量交易行为会受到其持股比例的影响,进而影响 到股票价格的趋势;第二,用技术指标衡量了股票价格趋势的强弱,为技术指标有效性提供了依据。     

机构投资者异质性与应计和真实盈余管理

文章以2008-2013年A股上市公司为研究对象,从机构投资者持股规模、稳定性和独立性三个维度研究了机构投资者的异质性与上市公司应计和真实盈余管理的关系,通过联立方程控制内生性,利用两阶段最小二乘法进行回归分析。研究发现：大机构投资者和小机构投资者持股与负向应计项目盈余管理显著正相关,但大机构投资者持股与负向应计项目盈余管理的正相关关系更强,大机构投资者持股与小机构投资者持股与正向应计项目盈余管理没有显著的相关性;大机构投资者持股与真实盈余管理显著负相关,小机构投资者持股与真实盈余管理没有显著的相关性。     

机构投资者角色发凡:2004～2007年部分上市公司样本

随着机构投资者的壮大,机构投资者在公司治理是扮演何种角色已成为我国制定相关政策的基础。利用2004～2007年沪深两市机构持股的上市公司为样本进行的实证研究发现,越高比例的机构持股及长线机构有助于提升公司业绩,表现为投资者角色;与预期相反,短线机构也表现为投资者角色。进一步的研究发现,机构表现出投机者或投资者角色,主要由其在公司的持股比例决定。现阶段应积极推进公司持股的机构化和机构持股的长期化。     

企业ESG表现、R&D投入与机构投资者持股比例——来自A股上市企业的实证研究

基于2009-2019年A股上市公司的机构投资者数据集,研究了企业ESG表现、R&D投入与机构投资者持股比例的关系.实证结果表明,企业ESG表现与机构投资者持股比例呈正相关关系,企业R&D投入与机构投资者持股比例呈正相关关系,企业ESG表现和R&D投入的交互效应与机构投资者持股比例呈负相关关系,即二者的提升对机构投资者持股比例存在着互相削弱的作用,相较于非独立投资者和短期交易型机构投资者,独立机构投资者和长期稳健型机构投资者有更强的ESG和R&D投资偏好.     

机构投资者持股、未来盈余与股价信息含量——兼论证券投资基金和QFII的影响差异

文章以机构投资者持股对股价与会计盈余信息关系的影响为切入点,深入分析了2004-2010年我国证券市场上机构投资者持股因素在促进股价反映未来盈余信息中的作用。实证结果发现:机构投资者持股比例与股价反映未来盈余信息的程度正相关,即机构投资者持股比例越高,股价中反映的当期盈余信息越少,未来盈余信息越多,机构投资者的持股加速了未来盈余信息在股价中的反映程度。而QFII对股价中未来盈余信息反映程度的影响略高于证券投资基金,但是该种差异不具有统计上的显著性。     

个人、机构投资者情绪与证券分析师的乐观偏差——来自中国A股市场的证据

证券分析师的盈利预测存在着显著的乐观偏差,且这种乐观偏差会因投资者情绪的变化而忽高忽低。基于开户数量构建个人、机构投资者情绪指标,实证研究投资者情绪对证券分析师乐观偏差的影响。研究发现,个人、机构投资者情绪越乐观,证券分析师的乐观偏差越大;机构投资者情绪的波动比个人投资者更为剧烈,且对证券分析师的影响也大于个人投资者;在考虑了公司的截面特征后,结论依然稳健。研究有助于进一步理解新兴市场中证券分析师的盈利预测行为,并为投资者使用证券分析师的研究报告提供决策参考。     

培育积极机构投资者 改善我国公司治理

20世纪80年代以来,在英美等发达国家中机构投资者不断发展壮大以至持有上市公司较大份额的股票并在其持股的上市公司治理中起到了积极的作用。在我国机构投资者应当成为改善上市公司治理,保护投资者利益的一支有生力量,可以充分借鉴发达市场经济国家的发展经验,针对我国机构投资者发展中的现实和突出的矛盾,依靠市场、政府两种力量的促动,培育公司治理导向的积极机构投资者。     

Spillover Effects of Fraud Allegations and Investor Sentiment

We examine whether a stock price spillover effect spreads through the method of listing or country of origin and whether this spillover effect changes when investor sentiment shifts. Using a sample of fraud allegations against Chinese companies that became public through Chinese reverse mergers (CRMs), we investigate whether firms that experienced negative spillover effects on their stock prices are those from the same country and/or with the same method of listing as the firms accused of fraud. We first show that the negative spillover effect channeled through the firm's country of origin becomes stronger when investor sentiment about Chinese companies becomes pessimistic, as evinced by significant declines in the stock prices of non-fraudulent Chinese companies, including both CRMs and Chinese IPOs. Second, we show that the negative spillover effects on CRMs are stronger than those on Chinese IPOs and non-Chinese reverse mergers, suggesting that both country and listing method are applicable to CRMs. Our findings indicate that (i) investor sentiment plays an important role in the spillover process involving fraud allegations and (ii) while the two channels could coexist, negative spillover effects that spread through the country of origin play a more prominent role than those that spread through the method of listing.     

投资者情绪与股票收益——来自移动互联网的实证研究

移动互联网的高速发展使得越来越多的投资者通过移动互联网获取信息并做出投资决策。文章利用网络爬虫技术收集来自移动互联网的用户讨论信息，研究来自移动互联网的用户情绪对股票收益的影响，实证结果显示：移动互联网用户情绪存在显著不对称特征，其更倾向于表现积极乐观的情绪，且其正负面情绪差异大于PCs端；同时，移动互联网用户情绪越乐观，下一期股票收益越高。进一步实证结果表明，处于较差信息环境（如散户持股较高，分析师跟踪人数较少）的公司，移动互联网用户情绪对其股票收益的影响更加显著；此外，对于流动性越差的公司，移动互联网用户情绪对其股票收益的影响也越显著。文章研究结论为移动互联网时代的投资者优化投资决策提供了新的视角，也是对行为金融学中传统媒体定价领域的重要补充。     

Are stronger executive incentives associated with cross-listing? Evidence from China

This study examines whether firms incorporated in mainland China benefit from cross-listing in Hong Kong, China. The Hong Kong Stock Market has more stringent rules regarding corporate governance and a better system of investor protection than the mainland market. Hong Kong companies generally provide strong incentives to executives via equity-based compensation. Have cross-listed companies learned from Hong Kong firms about adopting these strong executive incentives? The evidence from this study suggests that changes in top executive compensation are more sensitive to sales growth in cross-listed firms than they are in mainland firms without cross-listing. However, compared to Hong Kong firms, cross-listed firms are less sensitive to stock returns. Further, this study shows that it is necessary to differentiate between state-owned companies and private companies, as cross-listing may have a greater impact on executive incentives in state-owned companies than it does in private companies.     

异质机构投资者共同持股对所持股公司绩效影响的实证研究

以2010年沪、深股市中同时有证券投资基金和除基金外其他机构投资者持股的682家公司为样本,构建线性回归模型研究了异质机构共同持股条件下,异质机构对公司绩效的影响。最终得出结论：在异质机构共同持股条件下,不论持股比例是否具有优势,证券投资基金对公司绩效均具有显著影响,而其他机构投资者对公司绩效均不具有影响。     

高管减持、投资者情绪与公司送转行为:基于政府监管前后的比较

A股市场的"高送转"炒作之风由来已久且根深蒂固,研究发现:以减持比例和套现金额对数衡量的高管减持规模越大,公司实施"高送转"的可能性就越大,送转的比例就越高,并且投资者情绪正向调节了上述各项影响。随着政府部门对这一乱象开始严格监管,"高送转"公司的数量和送转的比例明显下降,高管减持对公司送转行为的影响作用和投资者情绪对该影响的调节作用也明显减弱。这说明政府监管一方面有效扼制了部分伪成长公司通过"高送转"配合其高管高价套现的行为,另一方面也有效降低了中小投资者对"高送转"的炒作热情和高管减持公司实施"高送转"的热情。     

The usefulness of earnings versus book value for predicting stock returns and cross corporate ownership in Japan

Using a sample of Japanese firms, this paper evaluates the usefulness of the two fundamental products of an accrual accounting system, namely accrual earnings and book value of equity for predicting stock returns. Our analysis shows that both earnings and book value for Japanese firms have the ability to provide for profitable trading strategies or improved portfolio decisions, and that relative to the trading strategy based on earnings or book value alone, the trading strategy based on a combination of both earnings and book value generates substantially higher returns for all cases. This suggests that book value (or earnings) captures certain aspects of equity values that are not captured by earnings (book value). Our multivariate regression results further indicate that the predictive ability of earnings is dominated by that of book value. Finally, it is found that the predictive ability of book value is sensitive to the degree of cross corporate ownership, while it is insensitive to the degree of real estate holding.     

我国A股市场中的波动性之谜与市场情绪

本文使用Campbell和Shiller(1988)基于对数线性RVF的VAR非线性Wald检验方法对我国A股1994-2009期间的数据进行实证研究,结果表明样本期间我国A股股价相对其基础价值表现出"过度波动"的迹象,无论是常数超额收益率模型还是V-CAPM模型都无法对此进行解释。通过进一步定义市场情绪指数来分析这种"波动性之谜"现象的原因,结果发现市场情绪和股市"过度波动"之间存在相互作用机制,市场情绪能够对股价波动提供额外的解释。     

Stock Price Reactions to the Repricing of Employee Stock Options*

We study whether the repricing of employee stock options is in the best interests of common shareholders by examining the excess stock returns associated with timely, noncontamin‐ated repricing announcements made by Canadian firms. On the basis of three theories of why firms reprice, we develop competing predictions about the mean announcement‐date excess stock return and the cross‐sectional relations among excess stock returns, the estimated probability of repricing, and proxies for predictions from each theory. For a sample of 72 noncontaminated repricing announcements made by Canadian firms between November 1994 and July 2001, we find a reliably positive three‐day announcement‐date mean excess return of 4.9 percent. The results of our cross‐sectional analyses suggest that the market responds favorably to repricings because they assist in retaining key employees even though, at the margin, they enable managers to extract rents from shareholders. We do not find sufficient statistically significant evidence to reliably conclude that repricings are done to realign employee incentives.     

Sentiment,Loss Firms,and Investor Expectations of Future Earnings*

This study investigates the mispricing of market‐wide investor sentiment by exploring the relation between sentiment and investor expectations of future earnings. Prior research argues that sentiment‐driven mispricing should be most pronounced for hard‐to‐value firms, such as those reporting losses (Baker and Wurgler 2006). Using investor expectations of future earnings, we provide empirical results consistent with this behavioral finance theory. We predict and find that investors perceive losses to be more (less) persistent during periods of low (high) sentiment; that (in contrast) investors perceive profit persistence to be lower (higher) during periods of low (high) sentiment; and that the effects appear stronger for loss firms relative to profit firms. We also document predictable cross‐sectional variation within losses (with the mispricing mitigated for losses associated with activities expected to generate future benefits), R&D, growth, large negative special items, and severe financial distress. Overall, our results document a new and important channel—investor expectations of future earnings—to explain sentiment‐driven mispricing.