基于DEA的高校创业孵化器的绩效分析

论文以高校创业孵化器运行效率为研究对象,选取了2015-2019年全国20个地区高校创业孵化器的4个投入指标和3个产出指标,采用DEA方法得出2015-2019年全国20个地区高校创业孵化器的各效率值,并利用Malmquist指数从投入和产出两个角度进行动态效率分析,以此得到不同省份的高校创业孵化器的技术和效率变化趋势并进行综合分析,最后为提高全国高校创业孵化器运行效率提出对策及建议。     

The importance of surrogate entrepreneurship for incubated Swedish technology ventures

Universities and incubators that are more experienced in venture creation have been found to appoint surrogate entrepreneurs as one way to improve entrepreneurial team formation. However, it is not known how such intervention into the core of a venture affects performance. This article investigates the impact of surrogate entrepreneurs on technology ventures stemming from leading Swedish university incubators. From a total of 170 ventures incorporated 1995–2005, belonging to 16 incubators, 59 ventures (35%) have received incubator help to recruit a surrogate entrepreneur. Swedish surrogate ventures perform significantly better in terms of growth and revenue compared to non-surrogates. Significantly higher performance of surrogates is also found in the subgroup academic technology ventures as well as the largest technology subgroup of information and communication technology (ICT) ventures. These findings in combination with a case study of the most productive incubation environment are used to propose future research and policy regarding university incubators intervening into entrepreneurial team formation in different ways.     

Government debt and fiscal execution efficiency

Governments have used deficit policies in recent years, yet many still face fiscal debt problems. Thus, this research uses Range Directional Measure Dynamic Directional Distance Function model with negative data to explore the financial efficiency of local governments in Taiwan from 2011 to 2018. This article has three major contributions: (1) The research uses RDM Dynamic DDF model with negative data to solve the problem of negative values on input and output data and uses dynamic models to make up for the deficiencies of past research. (2) Due to the differences in regions, local governments have different fiscal budgets. Therefore, this article uses the Wilcoxon Test to explore the efficiency differences of local governments in different regions. (3) This article analyzes the impact of central subsidies and government deficits (debts) of local governments on fiscal efficiency, and discusses the efficiency of government fiscal execution. The results are as follows. (1) Seven counties and cities with the best efficiency, and seven local governments with poor efficiency. (2) The fiscal performances of outlying islands and eastern local governments are better than those of western local governments. (3) Kaohsiung City has the highest accumulated debt and Tainan City exhibits poor financial performance.     

市场机制下孵化器创新创业服务体系研究

为进一步助推“双创”升级,创孵机构一直不断地探索着新的商业模式、探索优质资源,进一步改善运作效率。在目前的市场经济环境中,要实现创新创业服务资源的最优配置,就需要结合市场机制研究孵化器的服务模式。文章分析了市场机制下孵化器创新创业服务的定价模型,根据该模型得到孵化器市场化运作效率的影响因素。基于该定价模型进行实证研究,可以分析得到孵化器在实际市场运行过程中存在的问题,并以创业黑马为例进行了创新创业服务运营的实例分析。根据该定价模型与实证分析结果,提出了从服务内容优化、服务效率优化、孵化器品牌战略、入孵筛选机制优化等方面优化孵化器运营模式,探寻适合孵化器长期可持续发展的创新创业服务体系,从而进一步助推创新创业。     

Alliance Capability as a Mediator Between Experience and Alliance Performance: An Empirical Investigation into the Alliance Capability Development Process*

abstract This study centres around the way in which firms can enhance alliance performance through the development of alliance capabilities. Whereas most research has focused on inter-firm antecedents of alliance performance, research on intra-firm antecedents pointing to prior experience and internal mechanisms to foster knowledge transfer has only recently emerged. As little is known about how firms develop alliance capabilities, this study aims to uncover how differences in sources of alliance capabilities explain performance heterogeneity. The data are derived from a detailed survey held among alliance managers and Vice-Presidents of 151 firms. The survey covers over 2600 alliances for the period 1997–2001. This study not only finds that alliance capabilities partially mediate between alliance experience and alliance performance, but also yields novel insights into the micro-level building blocks underlying the process of alliance capability development.     

Effective investment strategies on mathematics performance in rural areas

Taiwan has noticed relative disadvantages in rural areas and offered more scholarship opportunities for aboriginal and low-income students. Moreover, the Educational Priority Area program was implemented in 1996 to invest additional funds in rural schools. Although the average mathematics ability of Taiwanese students ranks high in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the cost-benefit outcome of government funding in rural areas is inadequate. This paper, therefore, tries to explain low student achievement in rural areas with the multilevel modeling (HLM). Data were gathered from 5,581 Taiwanese students in 236 junior high schools using stratified random sampling. Of the data, 2,358 students from 112 rural area schools and 3,223 students from 124 non-rural area schools were sampled. The results demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between resources and investments, and shifts focus from comparisons of the influence of families and schools preexisting conditions to discussions of improvement strategies on mathematics performance. Both families and schools are limited by their resources, but the findings presented in this study suggest that families and schools can improve student achievement with appropriate investments.     

基于价值链的我国金融服务外包研究

服务外包是在经济全球化的背景下,企业为追求低成本、高回报而实现的一种战略联盟关系。从基于价值链的我国发展金融服务外包的优劣势分析来看,我国金融服务外包具有营运成本、劳动力资源、潜在与现实市场需求、行业成熟度提升、商业环境、政策导向和基地集聚等优势;同时,也存在高级技术人才短缺、法律对数据保密性要求低、政府官僚主义作风和语言障碍等劣势。因此,我国金融服务外包的战略选择是,建立独立的技术研究部门,狠抓自主创新;积极利用联盟关系,深入学习,伺机反向收购;加大业务流程精细化水平,整合服务型企业的外包能力。为此,政府和金融企业都要有一个清醒的认识,及早采取应对之策。     

Government instruments to support the commercialization of university research: Lessons from Canada

Increased efforts are made in most industrialized countries to promote the commercialization of university research, for instance, through spin-off firm formation. Many studies have investigated the initiatives set up in the university sector that aim to support and facilitate the commercialization of research, such as technology transfer offices (TTO). However, few studies have looked at the increasing number of instruments introduced from the government. This paper reviews the Canadian support structure at federal level that aims to support the commercialization of publicly funded research. Two types of programs can be identified. Firstly, programs made to induce structural reforms within the university sector in order to improve the institutional capabilities to facilitate commercialization projects. Secondly, programs providing support to specific commercialization projects. This paper explores how these types of programs are operated at government level. An example of implementation at university level is also given. The lessons to be learned from the Canadian case are related to how the government initiatives encourage a bottom-up approach. This is accomplished by providing resources for direct use in commercialization projects or to develop professional expertise in technology transfer in the university sector, by experimenting with new initiatives, and finally by facilitating cooperation between commercializing organizations.     

欠发达地区企业技术创新联盟构建策略

企业技术创新联盟有利于企业技术创新能力的提升,然而,欠发达地区存在着企业技术创新投入有限、技术创新人才缺乏、高新技术研发落后、战略性和长期性的产学研合作缺乏、政府有效支持不力等不足。因此,本文就欠发达地区企业可以通过构建企业技术创新联盟来加快技术进步,并从政府主导作用的发挥、企业资源整合与合作、鼓励高校和科研机构积极参与、加强学习能力培养、发挥技术创新战略联盟协同效应等方面,提出了企业技术创新联盟的构建对策与建议。     

产学研联盟问题研究综述

产学研联盟是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,一直是世界各国研究和探讨的热点课题。对文献的总结发现,在产学研联盟问题的研究中,主要集中在产学研联盟形成动因、合作模式、绩效评估以及联盟中的风险和知识转移、技术转移等5个方面的问题。本文揭示了产学研联盟有关研究问题间的联系,并针对每一研究问题,阐明了其主要的研究角度、研究观点及研究内容。     

Knowledge acquisition processes during the incubation of new high technology firms

High technology incubators have been funded in universities by the UK government as part of the ‘third mission’ for higher education (DTI 2000a). The provision of such facilities is premised on the notion that new technology firms achieve success at least in part from the benefits of incubators as rich networked environments where specialist knowledge acquisition can occur. This paper presents a exploration of how this process takes place, based on a case study of the high-tech incubator at the University of Southampton. The paper shows that firm founders adopt different approaches to the networked environment provided by the incubator; in this case the shift from Directorial support to that embedding in external networks was significant as firms grew. Taking account of this process should enable incubator managers to develop practices that ensure firms gain maximum advantage from the available resources.     

Combining PCA With DEA to Improve the Evaluation of Project Performance Data: A Taiwanese Bureau of Energy Case Study

This article proposes a new method of project performance evaluation, by which project performance data can be better understood. This article combines principal component analysis (PCA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to enhance the efficiency of decision‐making units more accurately. The data used was based on energy projects promoted by the Bureau of Energy at the Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taiwan. The results of this article show that by combining PCA and DEA in evaluating the performance of energy projects, there was an improved evaluation of projects over simply using DEA data alone.     

基于高校教育资源共享的大学知识联盟的管理机制构建

高校教育资源共享,是对高校教育资源进行优化配置和合理利用。大学知识共享是教育资源共享的重要方面,但大学现行的组织结构存在着许多问题,不利于知识共享,因此建立知识联盟,就可以有效实现大学与外部机构之间的知识共享。大学知识联盟管理机制构建的主要路径是:选择互补性的合作对象、创新知识联盟的管理机制、建立相互信任的关系、促进知识的学习与流动和加强联盟间交流与沟通。     

基于省域物流联盟体系的物流布局问题研究

我国在物流布局建设过程中由于缺乏系统和整体的规划论证,造成资源浪费、效率较低的不良局面。遗传算法在功能区布局中的加入,使模型的考虑因素更加客观、可量化。以省域物流联盟体系为研究对象,应用遗传算法进行物流中心的布局研究和分析,最后将该方法应用于河北省的物流中心布局。     

Assessing academic department efficiency at a public university

The assessment of public universities has gained importance because of the demands from such state government bodies as the executive and the legislature. Public universities are increasingly being asked to account for how efficiently they have used diminishing state financial resources. Administrators thus have the responsibility of ensuring that the university's financial, human, and physical resources are allocated to academic departments in a manner that enhances the institution's efficiency. In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed for evaluating the efficiency of academic departments at a public university. DEA provides a single measure of efficiency for each academic unit. It also identifies the causes behind the inefficiencies exhibited by poor performing units, as well as the changes that these units need to make in order to improve their efficiencies. Its usefulness as a planning tool is also discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Partner analysis and alliance performance

The determinants of strategic alliance performance have not been explored adequately in the literature. Empirical studies abound with numerous kinds of performance measures but, thus far, there is no coherent theoretical basis for the determinants of alliance performance. In this article we present a theoretical framework for understanding alliance performance in terms of its key antecedents. We submit that alliance performance is strongly influenced by particular characteristics of the partner firms as mediated by alliance conditions. We use the term “partner analysis” to denote the integrated approach comprising market analysis and resource analysis of partner firms. Alliance conditions are composed of collective strengths, interpartner conflicts, and interdependencies. We discuss the various linkages between the components of partner analysis, alliance conditions, and alliance performance. Finally, we develop a number of propositions to facilitate empirical testing of our partner analysis framework, and indicate its key implications for future research and managerial practice.     

Innovation policy analysis and learning: Comparing Ireland and Taiwan

Taiwan and Ireland are regarded as being similar in their geographic positions and economic performances. Both countries moved from being agricultural economies to become major regional players, and are often pointed to as examples of positive national development and innovation. The main purpose of this article is to compare the two island countries’ innovation policies in a national context. The taxonomy of innovation policy proposed by Rothwell and Zegveld [1981, Industrial innovation and public policy. London: Frances Printer Ltd.] was adopted as the analysis framework for this study. The comparison shows that Taiwan's government employs more top-down policy instruments such as providing government research funding and resources to target industries. The Irish government successfully creates an innovation-friendly environment to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) to facilitate research and development at the firm level. Finally, this article provides policy implications and recommendations based on what was learned from the comparison of the two countries.     

VM视域下的高校人力资源管理

高校要获取竞争上的优势,必须依靠人力资源的有效管理。文章从分析高校人力资源管理现状入手,利用价值管理理论,将高校教职工员工作为价值管理的研究对象,通过对高校教职员工的功能和成本分析,应用价值分析的方法和手段确定教职员工个体价值,从而为高校人力资源的绩效考核、人员配置、薪酬分配等方面的管理提供了有效路径。     

R&D performance assessment of industrial enterprises in China: A two-stage DEA approach

With the growing expenditure on the R&D activities of industrial enterprises above designated size (IEDSs) in China, it is important to evaluate the R&D efficiency of the Chinese IEDSs. However, few studies about R&D efficiency measurement of Chinese IEDSs have considered the internal structure of the R&D production process. To fill this gap, this paper investigates the R&D performance of IEDSs of 30 sample provinces on China's mainland from 2009 to 2014, based on a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The major findings from the empirical results are shown as follows: (i) serious imbalance exists in the R&D resources among Chinese IEDSs of 30 provinces; (ii) there is a decline in the average overall efficiencies after 2012; (iii) there are great differences regarding the performances of R&D activities among the Chinese IEDSs of 30 provinces; (iv) high attention to the R&D activities or strong scientific research atmosphere may promote the R&D efficiency of Chinese IEDSs; and (v) the IEDSs with the relatively high profitability or high government support in terms of R&D activities have relatively poor performance. Based on these findings, several policy suggestions are proposed for the R&D activities of Chinese IEDSs.     

Network brokers or hit makers? Analyzing the influence of incubation on start-up investments

Incubators are a prominent way to support technology based start-ups. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent these incubators enhance start-up performance, nor is it known through which mechanisms this would occur. In this paper we test two mechanisms to explain the relationship between incubation and the amount of investments raised by early stage start-ups as performance measure. The ‘hit maker’ mechanism refers to beneficial effects of the direct transfer of resources and organizational or business knowledge from the incubator to the start-up. The ‘network broker’ mechanism refers to the benefits that start-ups enjoy from being connected to external funding sources through the incubator’s networks. We test which of these mechanisms contribute to the performance of early stage start-ups. Our data comes from a unique survey from 935 entrepreneurs with early-stage technology based start-ups in Western Europe and North America. We find that incubators have a positive effect on (1) the amount of funding that start-ups attract and (2) the ability of start-ups to attract funding from formal investors and banks. Moreover, our results provide evidence for the network broker mechanism, but not for the hit maker mechanism.