An analysis of the effect of software intellectual property rights on the performance of software firms in South Korea

This paper explores the effect of software intellectual property rights (IPRs) on the performance of software firms in South Korea using the statistics of software copyright registrations and patent applications along with the financial statements of firms. According to our empirical results, R&D and software R&D input has a strong positive effect on the production of software copyrights and patents, and large firms exploit software IPRs better than small firms. We also found that there are quite different trends in the selection of the legal means of protection; firms in the software industry prefer to copyrighting, whereas firms in the manufacturing industry prefer to patenting. In addition, software copyrighting has a positive effect on software revenue and total revenue of firms, but software patenting fails to show a positive effect on software revenue. Consequently, in contrast to the prevailing consensus indicating a high preference for patenting, it is obvious in our analysis that software copyrighting is more beneficial for software firms.     

企业信息化中的软件监理实践研究

文章归纳和总结了企业信息化过程中软件监理的形式和策略,根据软件监理的特点,从项目管理和软件工程的角度,提出了软件监理在企业信息化项目中的实践流程,并加以阐述。     

Assigning Patents to Industries: Tests of the Yale Technology Concordance

We describe a method to predict patent counts disaggregated by industry, using available data on patenting by technology field. This method—the Yale Technology Concordance (YTC)—exploits a data set of patents that have been individually assigned by the Canadian Patent Office to both an industry and a technology field. The procedure for predicting patents by industry is developed as a statistical model so that the standard errors of the predictions can be estimated. The YTC is tested on several subsets of Canadian patents by comparing out-of-sample predictions with industry assignments made by the Canadian Patent Office. We find that the predictions of patents by industry are quite accurate for the subset of patents form US inventors. The prediction errors are much greater for the subset of patents granted or published after 1989. This suggests that the relationship between the technology fields and industries has shifted in a way that the procedure does not capture. Nonetheless, predictions from the YTC do appear to give a reasonably accurate picture of the pattern of patenting by industry.     

简论软件项目管理中的关系管理

本文从软件项目管理出发,列举了软件项目管理的主要角色,分析了软件项目管理中的五种重要关系,以及处理和协调这五种关系的要点。     

软件项目风险管理方法探讨

软件项目风险管理是一门新兴的学科。近年来,出现了一系列软件项目风险管理方法,取得了相应的成果。介绍了软件项目风险管理相关概念,阐述了软件项目风险管理工具和方法,并进行了比较分校。     

Impact of organizational and project factors on acceptance and usage of project management software and perceived project success

This study surveyed 497 participants to determine the factors that affect project professionals' acceptance of project management software and the perceived impact of software usage on their performance. The study finds that greater information quality and higher project complexity are the dominant factors explaining higher levels of system utilization, that greater system functionality and ease of use have a significant positive relationship with increased software usage, and that a strong positive relationship exists between higher usage of project management software and perceived project managers' improved performance. Inconsistent with prior research, more training was not found to be associated with project management software usage. The study explains more than 40% of the variation in project management software acceptance and adds project management software usage to project success factors by empirically confirming for the first time that project management software enhances project professionals' perceived performance and provides a positive impact on the results of their projects. The study provides practical implications for project professionals, their organizations, senior management, decision makers, software developers, and vendors. These findings support the call for further research that investigates the diffusion of information technologies in the project management field and their impact on project success and competitive position.     

Managing People and Technology for Enhancing Competitiveness

Abstract

Technology underpins business. This is evident in service sectors like the software industry, which is global in nature. The management of technology is well known in the software industry, where software professionals are the key enabler and knowledge carriers. The performance of the firm depends on the effective management of the technology by its workforce. Indian software industry is well known for its skilled software professionals and their technological knowledge to handle the domestic market and global projects as well. However, the global market share of Indian software industry is less than two percent. With such a dismal market share, can the Indian software industry call itself a global player? In view of this, there is a need to re-look into the strategies for sustainable and healthy industry. This paper discusses two key issues, people and technology, for enhancing the competitiveness of the software industry of India. The article also presents two case studies dealing with the issues related to the people and technology and examines how software firms explore the technology advantages in software development Operations.     

Academic leadership and commercial activities at research institutes: German evidence

This paper focuses on entrepreneurship by academic leaders. With the use of patents, inventions, and spin‐offs to measure commercialization, and directors, research group leaders, and business owners as academic leaders, results, using a sample of more than 2,500 German researchers, show differences across academic leaders and commercialization. Findings for spin‐offs are different from those for patents and inventions. Academic leaders in sciences were more likely to commercialize. Doctoral degrees helped patents by business owners and spin‐offs by group leaders, whereas female business owners and female group leaders faced challenges patenting and inventing, respectively. For business owners, age increased the likelihood of patenting but lowered spin‐offs.     

软件开发过程中的风险管理

每个软件在其研发过程中都隐含着许多不确定因素,这为软件的成功开发带来了风险。软件的交付时间也与项目的风险管理有着直接的关系。论文对软件开发项目风险管理的概念、主要的风险类别、风险管理的策略进行了论述。     

Does our literature support sectors newer to project management? The search for quality publications relevant to nontraditional industries

Despite the broadening use of systematic approaches to project management, the majority of related literature is focused on a handful of industries—construction, engineering, government, information technology, and utilities—that have, until recently, been the traditional areas for project management. Currently, the nontraditional project management areas include banking, pharmaceuticals, consulting, advertising, legal, health care, safety, and nontraditional manufacturing and industrial sectors (Kerzner, 2001). In recognition of growth, scholars and practitioners have begun to include viewpoints generalized across the field as well as perspectives from specific industries. We report on the findings from a systematic review of project management literature.     

软件产品的标准成本研究

软件标准成本系统是针对制造成本法不能提供有助于成本控制的高相关度成本信息而设计出的一种控制系统。软件产品是人类智慧的结晶。如何对人类智慧进行量化,成为软件成本管理的关键点。软件企业通过生命周期成本模型的建立、分析、估算等一系列活动,建立起一种软件产品理想标准成本系统。     

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND EUROPEAN INNOVATION SYSTEMS

Abstract This paper surveys the literature on university patenting. From the point of view of the economic theory of patents, it is argued that patenting knowledge developed by university researchers is paradoxical: patents are normally intended to stimulate knowledge development by providing property rights, but universities operate also under a different incentive scheme, i.e. they receive public funds to perform socially useful knowledge. In the debate surrounding the so‐called Bayh‐Dole Act in the USA, it has, however, been argued that patents on university inventions may be necessary to stimulate technology transfer from universities to private firms. The first part of the paper addresses two major questions. First, what is the economic logic of Bayh‐Dole, and, second, what were the effects on universities and the knowledge they develop? In the second part, the paper addresses the issue of whether ‘Bayh‐Dole‐like’ legislation would be beneficial for European countries. In a number of European countries, a suggestion has been made that this could enhance knowledge transfer from the public to the private sector. Using a new database resulting from a survey among patent inventors in six European countries, an assessment is given of the degree of university patenting in Europe. Because university researchers are often involved in patented inventions without the university being listed as a patent applicant, statistics based on the patent office databases alone often underestimate university patenting in Europe. The paper ends with a discussion of how this ‘European practice’ of university patenting affects public–private knowledge transfer in Europe, and how this compares to the effects of the Bayh‐Dole Act in the USA.     

计算机软件工程项目管理方法探究

随着科技的逐步发展,计算机软件在生活中的应用十分普遍。计算机软件工程代表着科技的进步,但在项目管理中仍存在一些不足。各个单位并未结合实际情况制定出科学合理的软件项目管理办法,无法对其中潜藏的风险进行合理的规避。因此,管理人员需要加强对计算机软件工程项目的管理。论文对计算机软件工程项目进行分析,并提出相应的解决方案,以供参考。     

An Empirical Look at Software Patents

Software patents have grown rapidly in number and now comprise 15% of all patents. They are acquired primarily by large manufacturing firms in industries known for strategic patenting; only 5% belong to software publishers. The very large increase in software patent propensity over time is not adequately explained by changes in R&D investments, employment of computer programmers, or productivity growth. The residual increase in software patent propensity is consistent with a sizeable increase in the cost effectiveness of software patents during the 1990s, perhaps arising from changes in the application of patent law to computer software.     

When patents matter: The impact of competition and patent age on the performance contribution of intellectual property rights protection

The question whether patenting impacts patenting firms' subsequent financial performance is important for technology-oriented companies. However, relevant research has led to contradictory results. We strive to overcome this impasse by introducing innovation competition and patent age as moderators of patents' performance contribution into the discourse. Based on a sample of 975 cases from diverse industries, we find strong support for our arguments. In line with our expectations, the results show that the number of patents granted, the degree of patent competition, and the timeliness of a patent contribute positively to financial performance. Moderation analysis nuances our findings by showing that the impact of patent protection on financial performance is stronger when the patent competition is stronger and the patents are younger.These findings provide insights into the conditions under which patenting leads to higher financial performance. Our findings highlight the importance of innovation competition and patent age for innovation research. The empirical results show firms that patenting pays and that, in order to tap the full potential of patents, they need to focus on emerging competing industries and reduce the time to market. Policy makers learn that patenting is a successful approach to foster innovation at limited social costs.     

基于Project的工程管理思想与方法的应用

现代工程项目日趋复杂,要求项目管理者既要掌握与工程相关的技术、经济、法律知识外,更应注重工程管理的基本思想和方法的应用。介绍几种典型的项目管理思想以及常见的管理方法,指出工程管理思想和方法的落实需要信息化的支撑,最后分析了Project软件对各种项目管理思想和方法的支持情况。     

第三方医药物流教学软件平台的构建探析

文章在分析医药物流管理专业“第三方医药物流”教学软件开发必要性的基础上,指出教学软件平台的构建,需从职业标准分析入手,并从岗位素能、典型工作任务、项目驱动等方面进行了系统的构建与探析.     

Where is the entrepreneurship bang for the patenting buck? Utility versus design patents

This research contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship by studying whether design patents and utility patents have similar effects on entrepreneurial activity. Other contributions of this research include comparing the relative influences on startup versus established entrepreneurs and the effects of patents versus trademarks. Results, based on a panel of U.S. states, show that established entrepreneurs benefit from both types of patenting and from trademarks, whereas startup entrepreneurs significantly benefit from only design patents, and the effects of design patents and trademarks are opposite. These findings suggest that the entrepreneurship bang from the patenting buck might differ across patenting types.     

Appropriability of innovation results: An empirical study in Spanish manufacturing firms

This study is intended to analyse several mechanisms available to companies in order to appropriate the results of their innovative activities. These mechanisms include patents, industrial secret, cost and time of imitation and continuous innovation. Specifically, this paper focuses on studying the factors that determine the choice of one appropriation method over another. To this end, we propose a specific model of analysis, which includes various hypotheses to be tested in a sample of 258 Spanish manufacturing companies. The results confirm that companies that mostly use explicit knowledge chose the patenting system as a defence mechanism, while those companies in which tacit type knowledge predominates tend to opt for industrial secret. We could also prove that larger companies tend to choose the patenting system as a protection mechanism. Finally, the hypothesis that companies that use high-commitment human resources practices use continuous innovation or technological leadership as a protection mechanism could also be tested.     

软件企业ABM应用实例

ABM是以作业为成本管理核心的,对作业进行分析是ABM的基本方法。本文运用一个实例通过对顾客盈利能力分析并寻找软件企业增价值业务的过程,在软件企业初步实践了ABM。