探索现代新昆明城市建设的生态可持续发展

生态可持续发展模式能够从根本上克服目前城市发展中的一系列局限性，从“面、线、点”的有机组合，以城市带动农村，农村促进城市．有利于大大加速城镇化和工业化进程．促进城乡一体化．发挥好中心城市的带动作用，完成昆明城市化空间布局的战略目标，实现经济、社会、资源、环境的协调持续发展，达到社会、经济、生态三个效益的统一。其中，生态持续是基础条件，经济与社会持续是目的。时代要求昆明必须把握住机遇．有力地推动整个昆明地区经济社会的可持续发展。     

领导者必须坚持城市现代化建设的和谐发展

中国的城市现代化建设必须综合考虑经济、社会的和谐发展,特别是在城市文化传承和发扬、城市生态环境保护、城市化进程、城市基础设施建设等方面要下决心统筹考虑,这是一个战略的问题,是对城市领导者的责任心和能力的考验.昆明这座春城,必须在现代化建设的过程中脚踏实地为民生着想,不图表面的"政绩",才能在和谐发展中不断焕发青春的美丽.     

昆明建设"数字城市"的基本思路和对策建议

党的十六大提出:在全面建设小康社会的新阶段,信息化是我国在实现工业化和现代化的必然选择,要坚持以信息化带动工业化,以工业化促进信息化,走新型工业化道路。这一重要论断对于西部地区中心城市充分发挥后发优势、加速实现现代化,具有特殊的意义。昆明作为我国西南重要的城市,在国家实施西部大开发战略的过程中,进一步加快城市信息化进程,努力建设“数字城市”,不仅是全面增强综合竞争力、提升城市形象的客观需要,也是实现城市现代化的必由之路。一、建设“数字城市”是昆明城市现代化的必然选择“数字城市”是一个发展中的概念,目前尚没有…     

关于城市现代化的断想与拙见

城市现代化是一个非常复杂的问题,它与城市经济的发展关系极为密切。一般以为,城市现代化只是城市的“形式”、外表。其实不然。城市现代化主要是指城市发展的“质量”方面,而我们通常重视的仅是城市发展的“数量”方面,如国民生产总值、国民收入、财政收入达到多少等。城市现代化的程度既受一定的城市经济发展水平制约,又给城市经济的进一步发展以反作用。所以讨论城市现代化的目的仍然     

“城市生态经济”系列讲座综述

为促进经济社会与生态环境协调发展,贯彻1990年12月5日国务院“关于进一步加强环境保护”决定的精神,上海市生态经济学会、上海社会科学院生态经济研究中心和信息交流会于1991年4～5月间联合举办“城市生态经济”系列讲座,从事国土规划,城市生态环境建设、环卫、环保、园林、水利以及系统工程研究的十位专家进行讲学,现分七方面综述如下: 1 城市生态经济系统的结构、功能及其协调发展城市生态经济系统是一个自然——经济——社会     

努力提升无锡城市现代化发展水平

城市发展是现代化建设的题中之意。城市是社会文明进步、生产力发展的集中表现。列宁曾经说过，“城市是经济、政治和人民精神生活的中心，是前进的主要动力”。二十一世纪世界经济进入了一个更加高度聚集、相互依存的发展时期，“将是一个城市世纪”。市场竞争、区域竞争，关键取决于城市综合能力的竞争。无锡能否形成整体竞争的新优势，取决于中心城市的综合发展能力、现代化建设水平，这也事关无锡发展大局、事关无锡地位形象、事关人民群众根本利益。可以说，加快中心城市发展，是实现市委十次党代会提出的“增创新优势、增强竞争力”奋斗目标的重大战略举措，也是当前亟待深化研究、着力推进的重大课题。     

试论长江流域城市生态,经济和社会发展

从生态历史、区域生态以及经济和社会发展的系统研究中,不难发现“人口”已成为当今社会的“准污染源”;现在应本着循序渐进、分阶段改善的方针,逐渐向建设生态、经济和社会的协调发展过渡。长江流域作为一个开放的生态系统,应放入全国以至世界大系统中考察、开发;上海——南京港城带是长江“黄金口”,应作为一个特殊经济体统筹规划率先建成;长江中下游流域应打破隔阂横向联合;中国的经济起飞根本在于内地的开发和发展。当前,城市建设中应克服“三废”危害,重视研究城市供排体系,按现代城市功能优化设计城市建设。笔者还讨论了历史、地理、政治等相关因素。     

建设智慧城市是无锡发展新的增长极

2012年9月19日，无锡市委常委会第35次会议强调，要突出加快“五个现代化”，奋力开创率先实现基本现代化新局面。要努力在经济、城市、生态、民生、社会现代化上取得更大突破，走出一条具有江苏特色、无锡特点的率先基本实现现代化道路。会议指出，要立足打造“四个示范区”，加快推进苏南现代化示范区建设。抢抓国家制订《苏南现代化建设示范区规划》的重大机遇，着力在“两型社会”建设、     

"大昆明"呼之欲出

二环路以内只拆不建,建设系统的公交专用线,市区内新建一批市民广场和公园,城市道路全面美化,滇池治理步伐加快,一大批城市重点建设项目紧锣密鼓。进入昆明,就进入了一派提升城市功能和环境质量的热气腾腾的场面。以2001年为始,春城昆明决心“一年一变样,三年大变样”,建成“我国最适宜人居住的城市,西部地区投资环境和生态环境最好的城市”之一。昆明走入困境“天气常如二三月,花枝不断四时春。”昆明以冬不冷夏不热、常年气候温和的特征赢得了“春城”的美誉。作为云南的省会城市和西南的中心城市之一,昆明还是国家历史文化名城,是我国重…     

知识型城市发展：基于我国社会转型趋势的解析

我国正在经历的社会转型是经济、社会以及生态等多领域的系统变革,未来社会发展的新生态将在转型期内形成。城市作为社会的重要子域,其发展模式必然受到转型的影响而面临新的选择。对知识型城市的特征与社会转型趋势进行了组合解析,发现基于知识创新的“知识型城市模式”与我国社会转型趋势具有多维度的契合性,这种城市新模式可以作为我国未来城市发展模式的新选择。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Simulating the Effect of Regulatory Systems in a Fishery, An Application to the French Driftnet Albacore Fleet

With a thin economic component, most bio-economic models of fisheries failto assess the effects of the regulation systems on firms. In order to analysethe short term consequences of different management schemes, a simulationmodel is applied to the French driftnet albacore fleet: licence allocation withdriftnet regulation, individual quotas, and individual transferable quotaswithout any input control. Vessel technology is estimated by using the datacollected, and groups of vessels are distinguished according to criteria ofperformance. We present the adjustment within firms and between groupsunder different scenarios (limited entry with and without driftnetregulation, individual quotas and individual transferable quotas allocation),and we compare their results in terms of quasi-rent value and otherindicators such as hake harvests or dolphin by-catches.     

Knowledge as a Path-Dependence Process

By following a new approach proposed by Cognitive and Neuroeconomics, this paper presents and extends that part of Hayek's theory concerning knowledge in path-dependent terms, and shows that this is a fertile theory, opening new lines of inquiry for contemporary economics. In his theory of knowledge Hayek shows that the dynamics of economic change is path-dependent, in a different and more profound way than in the rest of the path-dependent literature. This literature deals with an important controversy, which will be also discussed and its specific and original meaning will be highlighted. As it will emerge, knowledge as a path-dependent process is consistent with cognitive theories of perception and learning and it plays a more important role than is traditionally assumed. Path-dependence is in fact always present in the cognitive dimension of perception and in individual decision-making processes, as well as in the processes of organizational innovation, and even in the macro-dimension of institutional change. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.