国际资本流动及亚太地区在国际资本流动中的地位

20世纪90年代以来,随着经济全球化的日益发展,国际资本流动不仅在规模的速度上达到了前所未有的程度,而且在流动的方式,结构,主体等方面与以往相比,都发生了很大的变化。亚太地区各经济体在国际资本流动的大舞台上始终都扮演着举足轻重的角色。本文分析探讨了20世纪90年代以来国际资本流动的主要特点及亚太地区各经济体在其中所处的地位。     

经济一体化、公司所得税竞争与FDI流动研究——以新老欧盟成员国的税收竞争为例

本文在Ottaviano（2005）的税收竞争模型的框架下，分析了在经济一体化条件下公司所得税竞争对资本流动的影响，并利用实证研究论证了欧盟内新欧盟成员国与老欧盟成员国之间的公司所得税竞争对FDI流动的影响。分析表明，欧洲市场一体化程度的加深是导致税收竞争加剧的最主要原因。东道国降低名义公司所得税率对资本流动没有影响，只有相对于母国实际税率的降低才是影响资本流动的关键因素。     

国际长期资本流动对发展中经济体的冲击

本文描述了国际长期资本流动的特征,分析了它对发展中经济体的冲击行为,概括了国际长期资本流动对发展中经济体的三类冲击。上述三类冲击分别为流向不合理对短期资本市场的冲击、流速不合理对产业资本形成的冲击、流量不合理对产业资本效益的冲击。     

资本流动对江苏省经济发展的影响

20世纪80年代以来,资本在国际,区域间大规模频繁流动,提高生产要素的配置效率,对国际、区域经济具有重要影响。江苏省拥有良好的投资环境和区位优势,为国内吸引外资第一大省。本文旨在通过储蓄一投资关系模型分析江苏省资本流动情况,从外资,内资,政策倾斜三方面对资本流动与江苏省经济发展之间关系进行实证、定性分析。     

中国资本帐户开放度研究

资本流动对世界经济产生着重要的影响，本文从数量和价格两个角度来衡量一国资本帐户的开放度。数量开放度衡量资本流动对一国经济总量规模的影响程度，而价格开放度衡量资流动对一国的金融资产价格，特别是利率的影响程度。本文采用一种新的方法，在甸没有市场利率的条件下，衡量资本流动对利率的影响程度。     

影响当前美国国际资本流动的若干因素

<正> 战后至今,美国在全球国际资本流动中的地位始终是举足轻重的。从取代老牌资本主义帝国英国,数十年霸居世界上最大的债权国位置,到1985年之后沦为世界上最大的债务国,美国的国际投资地位虽然经历了巨大的逆变,但犹如美国经济仍然是当前世界经济的主体之一一样,它目前所保持的巨额资本输出和吸纳外国资本规模依然在很大程度上左右着全球国际资本流动的规模与导向。当前美国国际资本流动的双向性日渐显著,其国际资本流动的走势不再仅仅取决于美国投资者的行为,而将同时依赖于国外投资的反应。本文所要讨论的是影响投资者行为,进而构成美国国际资本流动趋势的若干因素。     

入民币汇率生成机制改革对短期资本流动和国际收支的影响

本文运用金融资产组合理论和贸易套汇理论分别分析了人民币汇率生成机制改革对金融性资本流动及贸易性资本流动的影响。指出短期内它将促进境外短期资本的流人。在长期中，随着人民币名义汇率逐渐趋近实际均衡汇率．人民币汇率浮动区间的动态调整，这有利于实现我国国际收支平衡。同时面对短期资本流动的影响，要进一步完善金融市场和体系的建设．只有这样才能使之趋利避害。     

人民币汇率生成机制改革对短期资本流动和国际收支的影响

本文运用金融资产组合理论和贸易套汇理论分别分析了人民币汇率生成机制改革对金融性资本流动及贸易性资本流动的影响。指出短期内它将促进境外短期资本的流入。在长期中,随着人民币名义汇率逐渐趋近实际均衡汇率,人民币汇率浮动区间的动态调整,这有利于实现我国国际收支平衡。同时面对短期资本流动的影响,要进一步完善金融市场和体系的建设,只有这样才能使之趋利避害。     

固定汇率下资本账户开放对经济的影响——基于修正的Mundell模型的动态分析

本文拓展了蒙代尔(1960)的模型,并用该模型分析了固定汇率体系下资本账户开放对实际汇率和利率的影响,以及资本完全流动时经济的动态稳定性。本文的主要发现是,随着资本账户的开放,资本流动性的加强将会引起实际汇率和利率相对于初始状态的调整。而且,随着资本账户的放开,国内货币政策越来越受制于外部因素。模型的另一个发现是,当资本完全流动时,固定汇率体系呈现一种稳定的稳态。     

亚太地区国际资本流动的主要特点

20世纪50年代以来，亚太地区各经济体充分利用外国资本发展本国（地区）经济，取得了显著的效果，也促进了本地区的国际资本流动规模，提高了本地区在国际资本流动中的地位。本文将二战后亚太地区的国际资本流动划分为四个阶段，探讨了各个阶段国际资本流动的主要特点。     

人民币升值对中国国际资本流动的影响

汇率波动是影响国际资本流动的重要因素,本文结合中国国际资本流动的主要特点,对人民币汇率波动及人民币汇率升值预期对中国国际资本流动的影响进行经验分析.实证结果表明,中国经济的持续快速发展和人民币升值预期是吸引国际资本大量流入中国的重要因素,人民币升值将会抑制FDI 的流入,但不会使我国的FDI 明显下降,国内利率也与FDI 呈负相关关系.本文认为,人民币名义汇率的适度升值和长期稳定性有利于外资的合理流入,但目前阶段应加强资本监管,预防经济风险.     

国际金融整合下资金流动与经济增长关系研究——基于新兴经济体面板数据的分析

在引入特定的宏观经济、金融和政策变量等控制变量后,本文尝试检验东欧、东亚和拉丁美洲三大主要新兴经济体的资金流动方向及其对经济增长的影响。实证结果显示:东欧地区收入水平与金融深化程度仍然偏低,但随着发展程度提高,未来将由资金流入转为流出。东亚地区的超额外汇储备、贸易顺差与资金流出,被指控为造成美国巨额经常账户赤字与全球经常账户失衡的主要原因之一。但该地区若能够持续进行金融深化,资金可能回流并使全球经常账户失衡现象得以缓解。至于拉丁美洲地区的宏观经济、金融和政策变量,对资金流动方向并无决定性影响,财政与货币政策仍是决定资金流入能否有助于经济增长的关键因素。最后,本文对解决我国国际收支不平衡问题提出了政策建议。     

Are Determinants of Portfolio Flows Always the Same? ‐ South African Results from a Time Varying Parameter Var Model

The literature on determinants of cross‐border capital flows has consistently assumed the determinants of such flows to be constant throughout the sample. This paper investigates this notion by estimating the time varying relationship between portfolio flows to South Africa and two widely accepted determinants of such flows: the sovereign spread and global risk (measured by the CBOE Volatility Index, henceforth VIX). The results show that the time variation is highly significant and a constant parameter model will give biased estimates of the effects of risk on capital flows. The paper also gives important insights to South African policy makers and financial practitioners: Bond flows (non‐resident purchases of South African bonds) have become more sensitive to the VIX after 2010. Share flows were particularly sensitive at the peak of the 2008 global financial crisis, but have at other times not responded in a statistically significant manner to changes in global risk. The relationships are estimated using a time varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP VAR) model with stochastic volatility.     

Substitutes or complements? The interactions between components of capital inflows for Asia

Despite an emerging and interesting literature on the pecking order of capital flows that might arise from asymmetric information and financing constraints, the dynamics of the interactions between the various components of capital flows, namely FDI, portfolio equity, portfolio debt and bank flows appear a little under-researched. This paper presents an empirical examination of this issue for a sample of East Asian countries – looking only at the inflows of capital – by asking the following questions: Are the respective components of capital flows substitutes or complements? Does one type of capital flow enhance or inhibit the others? Is this effect mitigated or exacerbated during crises? What effect does the volatility of each of the components of flows have on the level of each flow? The policy implications of this analysis can be viewed in terms of countries financial liberalisation policies. If two types of flows are substitutes, then a policy of liberalising, or indeed restricting, one type of flow may actually crowd out the other. This may well be an unintended consequence of a country's financial liberalisation policy.     

应对国际资本流人结构多元化

国际经验表明,不同的国际资本流入结构对一国的金融稳定有重要意义。本文分析了我国以直接投资为主的国际资本流入结构的决定因素,研究了这些因素的变化趋势,认为多元化和波动性是国际资本流入结构的发展方向,就防范由此带来的外部冲击提出了政策建议。     

京津地区金融合作的具体思路

在当前金融中心竞争日益激烈的背景下,京津两地金融合作显得十分必要,本文提出了加强资金流动、共建北方金融中心、加强金融创新合作和金融生态环境合作等具体思路。     

A Case for Economic Capital as a Pillar 1 Regulatory Tool

Regulatory capital – as a tool for financial regulation – has come under scrutiny following the financial crisis of 2007‐2010 in terms of its ability to achieve the major objectives of financial regulations, namely contributing to financial stability; the provision of equally competitive regulatory conditions for financial institutions; and aiming to ensure that regulatory capital requirements are risk‐sensitive. This article investigates and compares the risk‐sensitivity of economic capital and regulatory capital requirements empirically from a systemic and institution‐specific perspective. The results are assessed to determine whether current regulatory capital requirements are representative of the relevant risks financial institutions face. Given these results as well as calls to strengthen Basel's Pillar 2 disciplines in the aftermath of the crisis, it also presents a case for regulators to place a heavier reliance on economic capital – rather than regulatory capital numbers.     

国际资本流动与房地产、上证市场联动性研究

去年底以来,我国出现了国外短期资本出逃的现象,这直接导致了人民币兑美元汇率的连续"跌停"。一方面,作为国外资本的主要投资场所,房地产市场和上证市场的发展状况直接影响了国外短期资本的投资热情;另一方面,国外短期资本的流动也影响着房地产市场和上证市场的发展。鉴于此,本文从外汇储备、房地产市场以及上证市场三个角度,结合相关的实证分析方法,来深刻揭示这三者之间的相互影响关系。分析过程用到的方法包括ADF检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数分析、方差分析等。最后得出三者间存在较为明显的联动效应的结论。     

Do contagion effects exist in capital flow volatility?

The cross-border transmission of a financial shock has been a subject of rich literature. While a large number of studies have focused on the phenomenon of strong co-movements of asset prices and capital flows in the event of financial stress, very few discussed the contagion or spillover effects in terms of capital flow volatility. This paper is one of the first attempts to assess, empirically, whether or not there is a global and regional spillover effect in the volatility of capital flows to emerging and developing countries. Based on the sample of 49 emerging and developing countries for the period 1980–2009, the empirical results suggest strong and significant contagion effects in the volatility of capital flows to individual economies. The magnitudes of contagion vary depending on the type of capital flows, whether it is foreign direct investment (FDI) or portfolio and other investment (mostly bank lending). The findings also suggest the volatility dynamics of gross flows is different from that of net flows. The volatility of net inflows is more exposed to intra-regional contagion compared to that of gross inflows.     

The Influence of Affect on Managers' Capital‐Budgeting Decisions*

In this paper, we propose that affective reactions are integral to accounting decision contexts like capital budgeting, and that researchers must jointly consider affect and cognition to better understand accounting decision makers' behavior. We argue that interpersonal relationships are characteristic of many capital‐budgeting contexts, and that these relationships can lead to emotional affective reactions. For example, reactions such as frustration and anger may result if a manager is treated unfairly by another individual involved in a capital project. Drawing on relevant work in neurobiology and psychology, we then predict that these affective reactions can influence managers' capital‐budgeting decisions. We report on four experimental scenarios that demonstrate the impact of affective reactions on capital‐budgeting decisions. Consistent with our predictions, the results indicate that managers consider both financial data and affective reactions when evaluating the utility of an investment alternative. Our results suggest that researchers should consider both affect and cognition to more fully understand decision making in accounting contexts.