关于铁路客车模块化设计的探索

关于铁路客车模块化设计的探索长春客车厂技术部唐桂荣目前,铁路客运列车与航空、汽车的客运竞争十分激烈、市场要求铁路客车不但要质量高（指速度快、平稳性好、安全度高等）,而且要品种多,适应不同层次、不同地区旅客需要。市场竞争给企业提出了一个新的问题,即在短...     

采取有效防控措施解决冬季运用客车制动缸进雪积冰问题

冬季客车制动缸进雪积冰问题长期困扰着客车的安全运用，影响了客运列车的正常运行秩序，产生了十分不良的社会影响，本文从客车制动缸进雪积冰问题产生原因入手，提出了具体防控措施。     

公路客运应对城际列车竞争的策略

简要回顾了近二十年来公路客运与铁路客运竞争的基本格局,透析出公路客运与铁路客运的优势与劣势,理性地界定了公路客运的定位,提出了公路客运应对城际列车竞争的策略.     

基于SWOT分析的成渝铁路客运发展策略研究

文章存对成渝间高速公路、铁路、航空三种客运方式运营现状进行分析的基础上,将SWOT分析法运用于成渝问铁路客运,提出了提高购票的方便性、灵活安排列车开行方案、提高旅客出行全过程的舒适度、通过加强营销树立铁路客运的良好形象等促进成渝问铁路客运发展的对策建议,以充分发挥铁路优势,提高铁路客运竞争力,争取更多的市场份额.     

关于京广铁路提速营销策略的探讨

提高铁路旅客列车运行速度是铁路适应社会主义市场经济体制发展,满足旅客运输市场需求,增强铁路客运市场竞争能力的必然。如何通过营销策略发挥提速列车的优势,提高其在客运市场的竞争力是当前亟待解决的问题之一。     

修精品客车 创优质服务—试论铁路车辆段贯沏ISO9000族标准的意义和方法

近年来铁路几次提速,拉动了铁路运输业的发展,同时也对铁路装备提出了更高的要求。目前,还有相当数量的旧型客车在继续服役,这就产生了提速与现有装备不相适应的矛盾。要解决这个矛盾,不仅要加快客车更新步伐,而且还要从客车检修抓起,为客运提速、客车质量上等级、服务质量上水平创造良好条件。而根据ISO９０００族标准,建立质量管理体系并付诸实施,则是铁路车辆段的必然选择。１贯彻ISO９０００族标准的意义１．１企业素质提高的需要（１）有助于企业管理。练好内功、增强活力,是深化改革对企业管理的要求。车辆段目前正在向…     

项目管理在高速动车组制造中的应用

<正>随着中国快速铁路客运网络建设的飞速发展,高速动车组作为未来快速铁路客运网络的主力车型,以其高效、快捷、舒适的特点被人们越来越多地关注。唐山轨道客车有限责任公司作为国内高速动车组最重要的制造基地之一,在高速动车组制造     

暖通专业教学内容与车辆段工作内容相对接的必要性

随着我国铁路运输业的发展,空调客车已成为客运的主要工具,越来越多的暖通专业学生进入车辆段工作。为使学生能够胜任工作岗位,在校期间应针对铁路客车空调进行必要的训练,使得专业教学内容与工作岗位内容适当对接,培养符合铁路需要的人才。     

服务文化打造“红旗列车”——记兰州铁路局兰州客运段K227／8列车

近年来，随着我国经济的发展，铁路列车质量、乘坐环境和运营效率得到不断改善和提高。但是，铁路客运服务的质量一直是全社会关注的焦点。如何在不断提高铁路硬件环境的同时，提高服务质量是铁路系统面临的重要课题。     

关于铁路客运列车粪便直排问题的调研报告

一、问题的提出从我国第一条营业性质的铁路建成至今已有一百多年了,目前全国的营业铁路已长达7．5万公里。火车从蒸汽机车发展为内燃机车,又从内燃机车发展到电气机车,虽自身已经不再喷云吐雾,不再挥撒煤灰,可是有统计数字表明,铁路客车上乘客,每天从列车厕所直接排到路基上的粪便量,已经超过了三千吨。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.