ZnO电源SPD在电涌抑制状态下的寿命分析

Zn O电源SPD自安装进入电网运行开始,其所面对的电磁环境是复杂多变的,所承受的电应力种类繁多。本文根据ZnO电源SPD在电涌抑制状态下所承受的过电应力的情况,详细分析和归纳总结了影响电源SPD寿命长短的主要因子,以期指导ZnO电源SPD设计、施工和检测验收等工程实践工作。     

现行建筑物电源SPD典型配合配置分析

为了解决建筑物电源系统安装SPD的配合配置问题,本文根据现行建筑物电网的TT系统、TN系统、IT系统等典型供配电系统,结合现行电源SPD的安装方式及参数选型,针对Uc、Up、Iimp、过电流保护器等重要参数设备选择失当,SPD安装位置错误,所造成的电源SPD电气故障模式或保护失效,得出了现行电源SPD的配合配置失当问题,并初步提出了解决方法。     

建筑物低压配电系统电涌保护器能量配合分析

低压配电系统中,实现电涌保护器(Surge Protective Device,缩写成SPD)之间有效的配合,确保发生雷击瞬间各级SPD依次按级启动,从而保护设备免遭雷电损坏,需要对SPD各种能量配合方案进行分析,选择更优的解决方案。本文通过行波理论分析SPD前后级的关系,提出各级电源SPD与被保护设备能量配合基本原则和方法,对实际工程问题具有重要指导意义。     

建筑物电源SPD在线监测系统的接地状态研究

本文针对加油(气)站等易燃易爆危化品场所安装的电源SPD在线监测系统的接地状态进行研究,首先阐述了建筑物电源SPD接地状态监测的意义,然后针对建筑物电源SPD的几种接地方式进行具体的分析说明。再对建筑物电源SPD的接地引线断开或接地引线过长造成的影响进行分析,最后对建筑物电源SPD的接地状态的监测方法进行说明,以综合系统的分析来确保电源SPD接地状态的监测质量,保障电源SPD在线监测系统的安全运行,确保易燃易爆场所的设备安全。     

雷击浪涌保护器(SPD)级间的配合的意义探讨——行波分析法

当前,对于电源系统和电子信息系统提供雷击电磁脉冲的防护,多采用安装浪涌保护器的(SPD)的方法,多数场合安装了两级或者是多级(SPD)。两级电涌保护器的能量配合主要涉及开关型SPD和限压型SPD这两种原器件。雷击浪涌保护器(SPD)级间的配合假设不协调,则很有可能就会出现雷击电磁脉冲沿入户线缆侵入建筑物内时,后面的保护设备打坏了而前面安装的浪涌保护器没有动作的情况,因此,对于探讨雷击浪涌保护器(SPD)级间的配合的原理并从中给出相应的解决措施,对于终端设备的防雷具有深远的意义。     

浅谈电涌保护器的应用

文章简要介绍了SPD基础知识,阐述了低压配电系统中SPD的选用及安装、维护等注意事项。     

风电机组用SPD承受的应力因素分析

为防御雷电电涌过电压,风电机组的电气系统和电子系统均需要安装SPD。本文通过全面剖析风电机组用SPD承受的应力因素,为风电机组电气系统和电子系统所使用的SPD的级数、安装位置和性能参数的选择提供技术依据,以指导具体的工程实践和理论研究。     

SPD供应链模式在公立医院耗材管理中的应用效果及优化研究

SPD(supply, processing and distribution)通过运用信息化技术,实现物资供应、分拆加工和配送等供应链一体化管理,对于提升医院耗材的管理水平具有重要意义。本研究以中国医学科学院整形外科医院为例,通过对医生、护士、耗材管理者等相关人员的调研访谈,对比了SPD模式与传统模式的工作流程,反馈医院相关人员对SPD供应链管理的真实评价,系统总结了该管理模式对医院耗材管理的提升效用。同时,也提出了新模式下存在的不足及优化建议,以为SPD耗材管理模式的完善提供参考。     

SPD安装常见问题及应对方法浅析

文章针对电涌保护器（SPD）安装时影响SPD保护效果的几个常见问题展开讨论，对安装和使用SPD提出一些简单的看法。针对不同情况，通过精确的选择、科学的配置以及规范化的安装，实现电涌保护器功能得以充分体现的目的，以确保为系统带来应有的保护作用。     

电源SPD在线接地状态监测路径与方法的研究

本文通过对易燃易爆加油(气)站场所安装的电源SPD在线监测系统的接地状态的现行监测情况进行分析说明,首先介绍了利用电流通路法监测接地状态的监测方法,指出了其中的不足和优缺点,然后介绍了利用环路电阻法监测接地状态的监测方法,同样指出了此方法的不足和优缺点,最后结合接地电阻监测的仪器,构建一种新的监测思路,对同一仪器同时监测两个环路的监测数据值进行分析,以监测数值的突变和数据的变化率来判断接地状态的通断性,解决了易燃易爆场所电源SPD接地状态的监测准确性与价格昂贵的问题,确保易燃易爆场所电源SPD的监测安全问题,做到安全可靠,经济合理。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.