结肠灌注机灌注加中药保留灌肠治疗慢性结肠炎的临床疗效

目的探讨结肠灌注机灌注加中药保留灌肠治疗慢性结肠炎的临床疗效。方法将50例慢性结肠炎患者随机分为两组,各25例;试验组患者给予结肠机灌注联合中药灌肠剂保留灌肠治疗,对照组患者给予传统灌肠方法保留灌肠治疗。两组患者共治疗2个疗程后比较治疗效果。结果试验组治疗总有效率为92.0%,明显高于对照组的76.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结肠灌注机灌注联合中药保留灌肠治疗慢性结肠炎疗效明显,可缩短患者的治疗时间。     

中药贴敷干预治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效

目的探讨中药贴敷干预治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法将60例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组患者给予中药贴敷配合复肝宁胶囊口服,对照组患者给予肝病治疗仪配合复肝宁胶囊口服,疗程为4周,比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后肝功能改善情况。结果治疗组患者治疗效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组患者治疗前后肝功能变化情况比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论中药贴敷干预治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效确切,具有简便验廉的特点。     

还原型谷胱甘肽片治疗慢性结肠炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨还原型谷胱甘肽片治疗慢性结肠炎的临床疗效与安全性。方法选取2016年5月至2018年5月广东省梅州市第二中医医院门诊收治的120例慢性肠炎患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法法将其分为试验组(还原型谷胱甘肽片结合对症治疗)和对照组(对症治疗),各60例。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果试验组慢性结肠炎患者的腹痛、腹泻、里急后重、黏液脓血便症状缓解时间均明显短于对照组(均P<0.05);试验组慢性结肠炎治疗的总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均未发生严重药物不良反应。结论在常规治疗方案基础上应用还原型谷胱甘肽治疗慢性结肠炎可显著提升其药物治疗有效率,促进患者临床症状快速缓解,且安全性、可靠性较高。     

持续牵引中药外用治疗顽固性腰椎间盘突出症100例的临床疗效

目的探讨持续牵引中药外用治疗顽固性腰椎间盘突出症100例的临床疗效。方法将2013年1月至2014年5月在我院接受治疗的顽固性腰椎间盘突出症患者100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组患者采用持续牵引中药外用治疗,对照组患者采取常规牵引治疗。观察两组患者治疗效果。结果治疗组患者总有效率为94.0%,对照组患者总有效率为62.0%,治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论持续牵引配合中药外用治疗顽固性腰椎间盘突出症疗效确切,优于传统中医疗法。     

中西医结合治疗更年期抑郁患者的临床疗效

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗更年期抑郁患者的临床疗效。方法收集2010年1月至2014年12月医院就诊的53例更年期抑郁患者资料,按随机数字表法将患者分为试验组（27例）和对照组（26例）,患者均给予氟西汀或帕罗西汀等抗抑郁药物,试验组患者加服自制中药,对照组患者加服阿普唑仑。比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果治疗6周后,试验组患者总有效率为92.6%,明显高于对照组的80.8%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论中西结合治疗更年期抑郁症,能够提高患者对抗抑郁药物的依从性和耐受性,疗效明显。     

中药内服联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗扁平疣的临床疗效

目的探讨中药内服联合阿达帕林凝胶外用治疗扁平疣的临床疗效。方法选取2012年11月至2014年8月收治的扁平疣患者120例,随机分为治疗组60例和对照组60例。治疗组患者给予中药内服联合阿达帕林凝胶外用,对照组患者给予外用重组人干扰素α-2 b凝胶;治疗2个疗程后比较两组患者的疗效。结果 2个疗程后,治疗组患者总有效率为85.0%,明显优于对照组的68.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组出现轻度胃肠道反应7例,局部外用药物后出现皮损处轻度红斑干燥治疗组5例,对照组4例,症状轻微,不影响继续用药。结论中药内服联合阿达帕林凝胶外用治疗扁平疣疗效明显。     

益气滋阴、活血化瘀中药治疗糖尿病肾病患者的效果

目的探讨糖尿病肾病实施益气滋阴、活血化瘀中药治疗的临床效果。方法选取2019年1月至2021年2月抚顺市中医院收治的74例糖尿病肾病患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,各37例。对照组予以厄贝沙坦,试验组在对照组基础上加用益气滋阴、活血化瘀中药治疗,比较两组治疗有效率、中医证候评分和临床指标。结果试验组治疗有效率为97.30%,高于对照组的81.08%,且试验组治疗后口燥咽干、五心烦热、神疲乏力、腰膝酸痛中医证候评分低于对照组,肌酐清除率(CCR)高于对照组,24 h尿微量蛋白、血钾、肌酐(Cr)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病肾病实施益气滋阴、活血化瘀中药治疗相比厄贝沙坦单药治疗能取得理想疗效,有助于改善患者临床症状和肾功能,疗效显著。     

中药灌肠联合复方角菜酸酯栓治疗直肠炎的临床疗效

目的探讨中药灌肠联合复方角菜酸酯栓治疗直肠炎的临床疗效。方法选取2010年7月至2014年3月我院收治的直肠炎患者182例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各91例。对照组患者单纯使用复方角菜酸酯栓外用治疗,试验组患者给予中药灌肠联合复方角菜酸酯栓治疗,比较两组患者治疗3个疗程后的临床效果。结果试验组患者的治疗总有效率为92.3%,明显高于对照组的74.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药灌肠联合复方角菜酸酯栓对直肠炎进行治疗,疗效确切,且安全有效、疗效持久、复发率低。     

益胃生津汤配合药物治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的效果分析

目的对益胃生津汤配合药物治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床效果进行分析探讨。方法选取本院自2010年1月～2011年1月所收治的慢性萎缩性胃炎患者80例，随机分为对照组和实验组各40例，分别采用常规西药治疗及益胃生津汤配合药物治疗，对两组患者的临床治疗效果进行对比分析。结果对照组痊愈、显效及有效的患者共25例，实验组共39例患者有效，有效率分别为62.5%和97.5%；对照组与实验组伴幽门螺杆菌转阴人数分别为8例和19例，两组差异显著。结论益胃生津汤配合药物对于慢性萎缩性胃炎患者具有显著疗效。     

中药炮制对含苷类药物疗效和不良反应的影响

目的探讨中药炮制对含苷类药物疗效和不良反应的影响。方法选取辽宁省盘锦市中心医院2017年5月至2019年5月收治的160例接受含苷类药物治疗的患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组80例患者接受未炮制的含苷类药物治疗,试验组80例患者接受经过炮制的含苷类药物治疗,比较两组临床疗效、不良反应发生率、生命质量评分。结果临床治疗有效率试验组(97.50%)明显高于对照组(81.25%),试验组不良反应发生率(2.50%)明显低于对照组(16.25%),试验组生命质量评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药炮制可显著提高含苷类药物的临床治疗效率,降低不良反应发生率,提高患者生命质量。     

Competitive equilibrium with unawareness in economies with production

This paper investigates an extension of the GEI-unawareness framework by Modica et al. (Econ. Theory 12 (1998) 259) to economies with entrepreneurial production. Existence of equilibrium is guaranteed given decreasing returns to scale. Firm's value and investment decision in equilibrium are characterized. An example of commodity innovation shows that the effect of different degrees of awareness on investment decisions depend upon the degree of risk aversion. In the case of log preferences unawareness may not matter for commodity innovation, although this depends on other preference features.     

构建具有民族性与原创性的中国特色政治经济学

改革开放前,中国照搬以“苏联范式” 为代表的传统社会主义政治经济学;近些年来,一些学者单纯地致力于诠释马克思主义政治经济学的经典范式,或者照搬以“美国范式” 为代表的主流经济学与新政治经济学。这些做法都存在教条性与僵化性的缺陷,阻碍了中国政治经济学的健康发展。因此,当代中国政治经济学应当从中国国情出发,立足自主创新,致力于构建民族性与原创性相统一的中国特色政治经济学,这既是当代中国政治经济学发展的根本要求,也是中国政治经济学的根本特征。构建中国特色政治经济学应当立足中国实际国情,构建中国特色的社会生产方式理论;从中国实际出发,着力研究制约中国经济发展的制度结构问题;实现继承与发展的统一,构建中国政治经济学的崭新范式。     

Committees with supermajority voting yield commitment with flexibility

A fundamental problem for government is how to combine commitment to certain policies with the flexibility required to adjust them when needed. Rogoff (1985) [Rogoff, K., 1985. The optimal degree of commitment to an intermediate monetary target, Q. J. Econ. 100(4) 1169–1189] showed that a way to strike the right balance is to appoint an optimally “conservative” policy-maker. In real life, however, policy-makers also have power over decisions where optimal plans are time-consistent, so delegating to a conservative person could be undesirable. A flexible delegation device can be found in a large committee of randomly appointed members voting over policy after observing a shock. When facing dynamic inconsistency, under a single-crossing property, there exists a supermajority rule that implements the population median's optimally conservative policy-maker with certainty. Another single-crossing property guarantees that if simple majority voting is used to select the voting rule that will govern policy choice, the supermajority preferred by the median is chosen. For problems where dynamic inconsistency vanishes, the committee will choose to make decisions by simple majority, implementing median outcomes. An application to monetary policy is developed. We show that the optimal supermajority is higher when dynamic inconsistency is more severe, when preferences are more homogeneous, and when the economy is less volatile.     

31例妊高症剖宫产麻醉配合体会

目的探讨妊高症剖宫产麻醉配合体会经验.方法对2009年4月－2012年3月在牡丹江医学院附属二院妇产科住院的31例妊高症剖宫产产妇资料进行回顾性分析.结果31例患者中,18例行腰-硬联合麻醉,13例行硬膜外麻醉,入ICU率及住院天数,腰硬联合麻醉组明显低于硬膜外麻醉组;新生儿1－5min Apgar评分≤7分的百分率,腰硬联合麻醉组明显低于硬膜外麻醉组,两组患者的术后血压、胎儿娩出时间、术后并发症均无显著性差异.结论腰-硬联合麻醉运用于妊高症剖宫产是疗效确切并且安全的.     

Equilibrium theory with asymmetric information and with infinitely many commodities

The traditional deterministic general equilibrium theory with infinitely many commodities cannot cover economies with private information constraints on the consumption sets. We bring the level of asymmetric information equilibrium theory at par with that of the deterministic one. In particular, we establish results on equilibrium existence for exchange economies with asymmetric (differential) information and with an infinite dimensional commodity space. Our new equilibrium existence theorems include, as a special case, classical results, e.g. Bewley [Existence of equilibria in economies with infinitely many commodities, J. Econ. Theory 4 (1972) 514-540] or Mas-Colell [The price equilibrium existence problem in topological vector lattices, Econometrica 54 (1986) 1039-1053].     

Cost-effectiveness of amisulpride compared with risperidone in patients with schizophrenia

SUMMARY

Amisulpride is an atypical antipsychotic, which has demonstrated efficacy across the range of symptoms of schizophrenia. This study compares the treatment costs of amisulpride (including drug costs, hospital costs, and costs of clinician and nurse visits) with those of risperidone over a 6-month treatment period, from the perspective of the UK National Health Service. Resource utilisation data were collected alongside an international, multicentre clinical trial comparing amisulpride (400-1000 mg/day) with risperidone (4-10 mg/day) in 198 patients with schizophrenia. As this trial demonstrated that amisulpride had at least equivalent efficacy to risperidone, the present study was a cost-minimisation analysis. Unit cost data for the UK were obtained from published sources and applied to the clinical data to calculate direct treatment costs. Amisulpride was associated with lower drug acquisition costs and lower resource utilisation costs than risperidone, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. Overall, the average total cost per patient for 6 months of treatment with amisulpride (£12,673; 95% CI: 10,628,14,717) was £2,145 less than for risperidone (£14,818; 95% CI: 12,323,17,312). These findings are similar to those of a previous study that compared the treatment costs of amisulpride with those of haloperidol, and found that

amisulpride was associated with significantly lower direct treatment costs than haloperidol. Amisulpride is a valuable treatment option in patients with schizophrenia.     

Endogenous Timing with Incomplete Information and with Observable Delay

This paper analyzes endogenous timing in a duopoly model with incomplete information. Firms announce the period in which they will move before choosing an action and are then committed to their choices. Endogenous Stackelberg equilibria, with either the informed or the uninformed firm as the Stackelberg leader, may emerge. For most parameters, the Cournot equilibrium in the first production period results endogenously. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72; C73; D82; L10.     

Auctions with cross-shareholdings

Summary. We study the effect of cross-shareholding among two competing firms on their bidding behavior and the expected sales revenue for the seller in an auction environment. The bidders private signals are independent, and the model encompasses the private values model and a particular common value model as special cases. When cross-shareholding is symmetric, the bids decrease towards the collusive level as the degree of cross-shareholding increases. The Revenue Equivalence result no longer holds: the first-price auction generates higher expected revenue for the seller than the second-price auction.With asymmetric cross-shareholding, revenue comparisons are only possible in the common value setting. Expected revenue for the seller is again higher in the first-price than in the second price auction. Bidding behavior in the second-price auction is more sensitive to changes in cross-shareholding and the value environment than in the first-price auction.Received: 18 September 2000, Revised: 27 May 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: C72, D44.Correspondence to: Sudipto DasguptaWe thank Sugato Bhattacharyya, Paul Klemperer, Kunal Sengupta and Guofu Tan for helpful discussions, and an anonymous referee for suggestions that improved the paper. The usual disclaimer, of course, applies.