建设生态小城镇与发展循环经济

十五届三中全会明确指出，发展小城镇是带动农村经济和社会发展的一个大战略。本文依据目前小城镇的发展面临严重的生态问题，指出应该以循环经济理论为指导，加快小城镇的循环经济体系的构建，充分发挥小城镇自身的优势，针对建设社会主义新农村实现社会、经济、自然和谐发展的生态小城镇，提出了小城镇发展循环经济相关的措施和建议。     

以县域经济为依托的小城镇发展战略

小城镇的建设和县城经济的发展都是近年来较为关注的焦点问题，本拟就把这两结合起来，从县城这个角度来谈谈对小城镇发展的一些认识，并对如何发展小城镇提出一些建议。     

携手共建一个美丽的家园：谈小城镇建设中的生态环境问题

发展小城镇是带动农村经济和社会发展的一大战略。有效解决城镇现代化、城市化进程中的环境问题，协调好城镇社会经济发展与生态环境保护的关系，避免走以往城市建设发展中出现的“先污染，后治理；先破坏、后保护”的老路，这是实施可持续发展战略的一个重要内容，也是环境保护工作面临的一个新课题。过去，由于小城镇生态环境建设未能与经济建设及城镇建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展，因而带来了诸如小城镇环境污染日趋严重，生态环境遭到不同程度的破坏，威胁人民群众的身体健康，制约经济发展等问题。究其原因，大致有以下几种：第一…     

小城镇 大战略

从小城镇大问题小城镇大文章小城镇大政策小城镇大战略，反映了人们对小城镇认识的发展过程。党的十五届三中全会决定指出：“发展小城镇，是带动农村经济和社会发展的一个大战略……”，把发展小城镇提到重大战略的高度，在中央的文件中尚属首次。所谓战略性，是指全局性而不是局部性，长期性而不是暂时性，根本性而不是一般性。这样的认识，就可以增强人们的坚定性和自觉性，这无疑对推进小城镇的建设产生重大影响。一、发展小城镇是对在传统的工业化过程中产生的城市化滞后和在城市化过程中小城镇滞后的重大矫正。众所周知，我国传…     

“小城镇”=“大战略”？：关于小城镇建设的几点思考

城市 ,是亿万农民追求和向往的地方 ;城市化 ,是时代的呼唤 ;农村城市化是解决当前经济发展面临的一系列难题的根本出路 ,是经济发展最具活力的增长点 ,农村城市化的最佳途径是发展和建设小城镇。小城镇建设是一个“大战略”。我国小城镇发展迅猛 ,大有”异军突起”之势。据统计 ,建制镇已由１９７８年的２１７６个增加到１９９９年初的１９２１６个 ,但是 ,发展中仍然存在着一些问题 ,而使得一些小城镇不能发挥其应有的作用 ,一些小城镇并非是“大战略”。如何才能解决好这些问题 ,如何使所有的小城镇建设成为真正的“大战略”呢 ?一、小城…     

农村小城镇建设的新视角

党的十五届三中全会做出了“发展小城镇是带动农村经济和社会发展的大战略”的科学结论。这是认识农村小城镇建设意义的新视角，它的特点是从全局性、战略性的高度分析问题。与此相适应，我们应该从新的视角来研究农村小城镇建设的思路及对策，从而推动农村小城镇建设的快速、健康发展。     

我国小城镇发展中的问题与对策探讨

党的十五届三中全会《决定》指出;“发展小城镇,是带动农村经济和社会发展的一个大战略”;“要制定和完善小城镇健康发展的政策措施”。由于农村建制镇(简称农村镇;不包括城关镇,下同)在各类小城镇中占有显著重要的地位,本文就以农村镇为例,根据1997年全国第一次农业普查(简称普查)得到的资料,在总结小城镇发展的基础上,对如何进一步加快小城镇健康发展作些粗浅探讨。     

小城镇面临的生态环境问题及其对策

在小城镇建设过程中,如何有效解决城镇现代化、城市化进程中的环境问题,协调好城镇社会经济发展与生态环境保护的关系,促进小城镇持续、快速、健康、稳定的发展,避免走以往城市建设发展中出现的“先污染,后治理;先破坏,后保护”的老路,提高小城镇的环境质量,保护生态环境,是实施可持续发展战略的一个重要内容,也是环境保护工作面临的一个新的课题。(一)小城镇面临的生态环境问题第一,小城镇规划滞后于经济发展和环境保护的要求。小城镇规划水平较低,缺乏长远打算,往往一二年就落后于发展需要,造成低水平建设和人力、物力的浪费,难以解决环境…     

苏南小城镇低碳水网系统的规划方法与政策探析

从城市规划角度分析苏南小城镇水网系统存在的问题,以水网系统的控制性指标体系构建为基础,从生态规划建设层面探讨生态承载力计算技术和环境评价技术以及水网系统生态建设的辅助方法;从政策体制层面剖析当前制约水网系统健康发展的主要因素,提出政策体制创新的途径。     

小城镇道路：中国城市化的妄想症

一、小城镇道路的由来上个世纪 80年代中期 ,在如何推进我国城市化的问题上 ,某著名社会活动家、社会学家提出了走小城镇道路的观点。他的“小城镇 ,大问题”的观点和一些持类似观点的专家学者的建议 ,引起了中央高层的重视。中央很快将走小城镇道路的战略思想纳入了我国城市化导向性政策体系。当时 ,我国的城市化政策是 :控制发展大城市 ,合理发展中小城市 ,大力发展小城镇。小城镇在我国的城镇体系中 ,成为国家最支持和最重视的一个层次。进入 90年代 ,“小城镇 ,大问题”又进一步上升为“小城镇 ,大战略” ,成为至今在我国城市化战略上占…     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Mix and sequencing of economywide and agricultural reforms: Chile and New Zealand

Once committed to economywide and sectoral reforms – stabilization, structural adjustment, and trade liberalization – and companion reforms of institutions, how does government best proceed? With what reforms in response to initial conditions, and in what mix, sequence, strength, and speed? This study examines what factors were most critical to success during transition in two early reformers. The economies of Chile and New Zealand have undergone seismic reforms, starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, respectively. Comparative analysis of their reforms look at the prior conditions that induced drastic action and the policy choices made in each country. Though similar in many respects, differences in initial economic conditions and implementation led to dissimilar, even contrary results. For Chile, the outcome was a vigorous, recharged economy and agricultural sector; for New Zealand, the economy and the sector are lagging still. How policy choice and implementation, as well as simultaneity of reforms, affected the outcomes is the major thrust of the study. The preeminence of trade and macroeconomic policies over sectoral interventions, and in particular the strategic nature of the real exchange rate in allowing agriculture to compete domestically and internationally highlight the discussion.