消旋卡多曲联合丹参治疗小儿秋季腹泻临床观察

目的探讨消旋卡多曲联合丹参治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床效果及安全性。方法将临床确诊的80例患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用消旋卡多曲联合丹参,对照组加用双八面体蒙脱石散,观察临床治疗效果。结果观察组患儿腹泻停止时间、呕吐停止时间、退热时间和住院时间均短于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿显效32例、有效6例和无效2例;对照组显效16例、有效14例和无效10例,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论消旋卡多曲联合丹参治疗小儿秋季腹泻,缩短病程和住院时间,提高临床治疗效果,值得临床推广应用。     

小儿复方氨基酸注射液治疗小儿腹泻效果评价

目的探讨小儿复方氨基酸注射液治疗小儿腹泻的效果。方法随机抽取我院在2011年1月至2013年12月收治的322例腹泻患儿,将其分为两组。对照组患儿采用利巴林注射液静脉滴注,而治疗组患儿在对照组基础上加用小儿复方氨基酸注射液静脉滴注治疗腹泻,对两组患儿的治疗效果进行对比分析。结果治疗组患儿治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组患儿的止泻时间、退热时间以及平均住院时间明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小儿复方氨基酸注射液在小儿腹泻治疗中的应用,不仅缩短了患儿的止泻时间,而且有效提高了治疗总有效率。     

双歧杆菌活菌联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿腹泻近期疗效分析

目的分析双歧杆菌活菌联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿腹泻的近期临床疗效。方法选取我院收治的腹泻患儿70例,按照分层随机法分成观察组和对照组,对照组采取蒙脱石散治疗,观察组在此基础上采取双歧杆菌活菌治疗,比较两组近期临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率85.71%,对照组总有效率68.57%,观察组总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组止泻时间、退热时间、大便次数及性状恢复时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论双歧杆菌活菌联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿腹泻的近期临床疗效显著,优于蒙脱石散单独使用,具有较高的临床价值。     

葡萄糖酸锌佐治小儿急性腹泻疗效分析

目的探讨常规治疗小儿急性腹泻时佐以葡萄糖酸锌的临床效果.方法将东兰县人民医院2010年2月~2012年2月收治的小儿急性腹泻患者89例随机分为观察组45例和对照组44例,对照组施以常规治疗方法,包括补充水电解质、纠正酸碱平衡紊乱、蒙脱石散口服等,观察组在其基础之上加用葡萄糖酸锌口服液,比较两组患儿的临床症状恢复情况.结果观察组总有效率97.8%明显高于对照组88.6%,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;观察组患儿的止泻、止吐、退热、脱水纠正、住院时间均短于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论治疗小儿急性腹泻在常规治疗基础上加用葡萄糖酸锌口服液可有效改善临床症状,减轻病情,缩短腹泻病程,疗效满意,值得推广应用.     

小儿手足口病脑炎临床护理探讨

目的探讨小儿手足口病合并脑炎的临床护理干预。方法小儿手足口病合并脑炎的患儿60例,观察组和对照组各30例,对照组实施临床常规护理,观察组加用临床整体护理干预,回顾性分析临床资料。结果观察组总有效率为96.7%,对照组总有效率为80%(P<0.05)。观察组退热时间、住院时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论实施整体护理干预,可确保治疗的高效性及安全性,使预后得到明显改善。     

微波照射肺俞穴与抗感染同步治疗小儿肺炎的临床效果

目的探讨微波照射肺俞穴与抗感染同步治疗小儿肺炎的临床效果。方法选取2016年1月至2017年1月惠州第一妇幼保健院收治的肺炎患儿90例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组45例。对照组患儿单纯采用抗感染治疗,研究组患儿在此基础上采用微波照射肺俞穴治疗,观察两组患儿临床治疗效果和临床症状消失时间、住院时间。结果研究组患儿治疗有效率为97.8%,显著高于对照组的73.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患儿平均住院时间为(6.2±1.3)d,对照组为(8.4±1.5)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患儿发热消退、咳嗽消失、啰音消失、气促缓解等临床症状消失时间均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在小儿肺炎治疗中实施微波照射肺俞穴与抗感染同步治疗有利于进一步提高疗效,减轻患儿的症状,治疗效果明显。     

喜炎平注射液联合炎琥宁注射液治疗110例小儿急性支气管炎的临床疗效

目的探讨喜炎平注射液联合炎琥宁注射液应用于小儿急性支气管炎治疗中的临床价值。方法选取2011年11月至2013年10月在我院接受治疗的急性支气管炎患儿110例,随机将其分成对照组与和观察组各55例,对照组患儿接受常规治疗,观察组患儿同时接受喜炎平注射液联合炎琥宁注射液静脉滴注治疗,观察两组患儿症状消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间以及住院时间,并对比治疗效果。结果观察组患儿在症状消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间以及住院时间方面明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患儿总有效率为90.9%,对照组患儿总有效率为74.5%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗期间两组部分患儿出现腹泻、皮疹等不良反应,经对症治疗后不良反应消失,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在常规治疗的基础上联合喜炎平注射液与炎琥宁注射液治疗小儿急性支气管炎效果明显,能够改善患儿症状、促进预后,且安全可靠。     

蒙脱石散联合金双歧治疗小儿腹泻疗效观察

目的评价小儿腹泻治疗中应用蒙脱石散联合金双歧的临床疗效。方法将86例小儿腹泻患儿分为两组,治疗组44例给予蒙脱石散联合金双歧治疗,对照组42例单独应用蒙脱石散,比较两组患儿的治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率高于对照组,其腹泻、腹痛、发热、呕吐消失时间均短于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论蒙脱石散联合金双歧治疗小儿腹泻,疗效高,症状消失时间短,适合临床应用。     

金双歧联合双八面体蒙脱石治疗小儿腹泻疗效分析

目的评价金双歧联合双八面体蒙脱石治疗小儿腹泻的效果。方法将72例小儿腹泻患儿分为两组,试验组37例给予金双歧联合双八面体蒙脱石治疗,对照组35例仅给予双八面体蒙脱石治疗,比较两组患儿治疗效果及症状改善情况。结果相比于对照组,试验组总有效率较高,其大便正常、腹痛消失、退热、呕吐消失等时间均比对照组较短,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论金双歧联合思密达治疗小儿腹泻,总有效率高,可有效改善临床症状。     

慢性呼吸衰竭的临床护理

目的探讨护理干预对于慢性呼吸衰竭患者的积极意义。方法以本院2011年6月至2013年6月收治的67例慢性呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象,按入院时间分为两组。对照组采取常规护理方法,干预组在其基础上进行用药护理、心理干预、排痰护理等为主要内容的护理干预,比较两组患者的护理效果和护理满意度。结果经护理后,两组患者的临床症状均得到了明显的好转。对照组并发症发生率为24.24%,干预组并发症发生率为2.94%,经处理后均有所好转,干预组的并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论系统的护理干预可以有效改善慢性呼吸衰竭患者的症状,降低并发症的发生率,值得临床借鉴和推广。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

The Performance of Public and Private Enterprise under Conditions of Active and Passive Ownership and Competition and Monopoly

Privatisation is driven by the belief that public ownership is cost inefficient, in particular under monopoly. However, some theoretical and empirical studies have questioned whether privatisation will necessarily lead to efficiency gains. This paper focuses on the impact of ownership when owners can be either active or passive. Active owners decide on output, whereas passive owners delegate this decision to a risk-averse manager. It turns out that managerial slack as reflected in the marginal costs will actually be the same or higher in a private monopoly than under public ownership. The impact of entry is theoretically ambiguous, but an increased number of firms in an oligopoly may lead to lower efficiency.