贫困循环的表现、成因与治理

我国现阶段的贫困循环主要源于观念滞后、投资不足、人力资本缺乏和自然环境恶劣。要走出贫困循环,就必须改善生产生活环境,促进经济稳定增长,提高贫困人口素质,加大对贫困者救助。     

人力资本对贫困代际传递的影响研究

人力资本对贫困代际传递的影响可正可负,如何发挥人力资本价值量的正向作用,对阻断贫困代际传递的意义重大.人力资本价值量是效率性人力资本、动力性人力资本和交易性人力资本共同作用的效果,基于此,研究效率性人力资本、动力性人力资本和交易性人力资本对贫困代际传递的影响具有重要意义,并提出发展效率性人力资本、动力性人力资本和交易性人力资本能够有效阻断贫困代际传递.     

社会资本层面下的我国城市贫困与反贫困问题研究

社会资本是一种与物质资本、人力资本相区别的存在于社会结构中的个人资源,它对个人的发展与进步具有积极的自助保障功能。我国城市贫困迅速发展的一大诱因是城市贫困者的社会资本下降。提升城市贫困者的社会资本,是缓解我国城市贫困的一个不可忽视的问题。它需要政府发挥主导作用,社会和民间组织共同协作。     

对和谐社会构建过程中农村人力资源开发问题的思考

构建现代和谐社会需要以高素质人力资源作基础，但是由于我国长期以来没有把农村人力资源开发放在应有的战略高度加以重视，导致农村人力资源开发不全面，这与经济日益增长的人力资本需求之间、农民全面发展的教育需求与教育发展之间很不平衡矛盾越来越突出。有建立农村人力资源开发的长效机制，切实把农民由人力资本贫困者转变为人力资本“小康者”，才能在农民全面发展的基础上实现构建和谐社会的目标。     

贫困县域人力资本与经济增长相关性的实证分析——基于陕西省44个县统计数据分析

人力资本是影响和制约县域经济增长的核心因素,贫困县域经济社会发展尤其如此。本文采取实证分析方法,对陕西贫困县域人力资本在经济增长中的贡献率进行估算。结果显示,贫困县域人力资本对经济增长的贡献率明显,在引入人均物质资本水平相近县经济增长比较分析后发现,具有较高人力资本水平的县域具有较高的增长率,进而提出大力发展贫困县域教育,促进经济增长的政策措施。     

我国农村贫困人口人力资本投资分析

人力资本缺乏是导致贫困的根本原因。人力资本投资是解决我国农村贫困人口的根本出路。本文以贫困人口人力资本投资为切入点,通过对我国贫困人口现状的分析,剖析了我国贫困人口农村人力资本投资的反贫困作用机理,并从建立多元化的贫困人口人力资本投资渠道;加大贫困人口人力资本投资财政支持力度;完善农村人力资本投资组织机构;创新农民科技教育培训等方面对农村贫困人口人力资本投资的主要途径进行了探讨。     

从人力资本视角看城乡收入差距及其平抑

本文分析了我国城乡收入差距的现状与趋势，认为城乡收入差距的深层次原因是由于城乡人力资本的差距造成的。平抑城乡收入差距应从平抑城乡人力资本的差距入手，打破农村人力资本形成过程中的“教育贫困”恶性循环，重建人力资本形成的“循环累积”机制、与城市人力资本的双向流动机制，这是我国最终消除城乡收入差距的长效机制和有效路径。     

关于提高人力资本科学性的研究

人力资本作为一种重要的生产要素，如何对其进行定价是人力资本研究的一个热点问题。无论采取何种定价方法，市场中最终形成的均衡价格对人力资本的载体——人力资本所有者都会产生影响。这些影响有激励和阻碍人力资本所有者贡献其人力资本的两方面作用。本文分析了这些影响产生的机制和导致的后果，并对如何提高人力资本定价的科学性进行了研究。     

中国经济的增长和贫困的减少--1990-1999年的趋势研究

本文考察了中国1990年以来的贫困和分配不均问题，并对贫困的减少进行了分析以显示经济增长的最大受益者，我们发现：（1）1990年代以来各种贫困线下的贫困人口都大量减少；（2）经济增长显著促进了贫困率的下降，而同时不断增长的分配不均又使贫困率上升；（3）穷人在经济增长中的获益少于富人；（4）我们检验了人力资本、经济增长和贫困的关系，发现在人力资本储备上存在着严重的地区不均衡，教育的分布正变得越来越不对称。     

基于人力资本理论的我国农村地区贫困问题研究

本文结合人力资本理论,对我国农村地区贫困现状和原因进行了详细而深入的分析,主要分析了人力资本因素对我国农村地区致贫的影响机制,并据此给出建议和对策,以期实现精准扶贫,帮助其摆脱贫困.     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )