都市农业综合发展水平的评价及影响因素分析——以成都市为例

运用AHP方法构建都市农业综合发展水平评价指标体系,针对成都市都市农业综合效益进行评价,运用多元回归分析了成都都市农业综合发展水平的影响因素。研究发现:成都市都市农业综合发展水平呈先升高后降低趋势;财政对"三农"的投资、农业机械总动力、农民素质能够促进都市农业综合发展水平提升,人均耕地面积作用相反。发展都市农业,需要发挥资源环境优势,拓展都市农业发展空间;依托市场需求条件,提升都市农业产品层次;融入科技人才效用,提升都市农业高附加值;创新经营管理体制,完善都市农业服务体系。     

辽宁都市农业发展模式研究

20世纪90年代初期,我国开始了都市农业的理论探索与实践。都市农业在满足城市居民生活需要和城市生态和社会功能方面作用日趋显著,是保持城市活力与特色的重要产业。以沈阳、大连为中心的辽宁城市群,具有发展都市农业的资源和区位条件。本文在分析近年来辽宁都市型农业的八种发展模式基础上,根据辽宁气候特点和发展优势,最终提出今后辽宁都市农业的两个发展方向:生态、循环利用农业方向;旅游、休闲农业方向。     

北京蟹岛都市循环农业模式分析

本文对蟹岛系统集成创新模式、前店后园的生态旅游经营模式及其效益进行了分析。研究表明:蟹岛构建了完整的生态型产业循环链,形成了物质循环、能量逐级利用、水资源循环利用的立体复合系统。通过在各系统引进使用新型能源,广泛采用新技术,蟹岛具有显著的系统集成创新的特征,实现了经济、生态和社会的和谐发展。蟹岛模式已经成为北京都市循环农业的典范,可以作为都市农业的一种发展模式进行推广,对今后都市郊区农业的发展具有借鉴和指导意义。     

基于农户视角的循环农业外部环境分析 ——来自湖北省的实证研究

发展农业循环经济是实现现代农业发展战略的重要途径。该文以湖北省6个国家和省级生态农业试点地区为研究范围,通过受访农户对当前循环农业生产影响因素、设施条件状况、信息传播渠道等的感知和评价,对我国循环农业发展的外部环境状况进行了描述性分析。研究结论表明:当前循环农业发展的外部环境比较落后,其主要制约因素是循环农业产品价格偏低、种养技术欠缺、市场信息闭塞、乡村基础设施落后、金融信贷支持不足,以及循环农业技术、品种的实际应用效果和市场化效益缺乏等几个方面。对此,该文认为,当前应着重从大力培养创新农民,加大农业科技投入和农村基础设施建设,规范政府引导等几个方面去促进循环农业的发展。     

达坂城区都市农业发展模式研究

文章以都市农业的概念为研究的入手点,对乌鲁木齐市达坂城区发展都市农业的模式进行研究,提出达坂城区都市农业发展的具体方案。     

循环农业产出效益及其影响因素分析——基于结构方程模型与湖北省农户调研实证

本文对湖北省不同地区、不同循环农业发展模式下农户的产出效益、收入结构及农户类型等进行了比较分析;针对农户产出效益差异性,构建了循环农业农户产出效益影响因素结构方程模型,探讨了我国循环农业发展的内在机理及其影响因素。研究表明:发展循环农业需要走农业产业化的道路,循环农业发展得越充分,农户经济效益越明显;循环农业的产出效益既受农户自身特征,如投入行为、家庭经营规模、家庭劳动力和户主务农年限等的影响,也受外部市场环境和政府导向等的间接影响。因此,本文认为发展循环农业除农户自身因素外,还应综合考虑市场环境及政策引导等的影响。     

广州都市农业发展特色、影响因素与实现路径研究

2010年以来,广州都市农业发展步伐不断加快,生产空间布局不断优化,发展功能逐渐完善,基本符合广州国家中心城市的发展定位,但"大都市小农业"的发展格局,都市农业规模小、产值少、比重低等问题仍然比较突出,针对都市农业发展中存在的主要影响因素,提出广州未来发展都市农业的实现路径。     

都市农业发展动力机制研究——以沈阳市城郊为例

都市农业是一种能满足城市基本农产品的物质需求、城市居民休闲观光的精神需求以及城市生态需求的新型农业形态.都市农业是城市边缘地区农村发展的必然选择.本文以沈阳市城郊都市农业发展为例,认为推动都市农业发展的主要动力源于经济的不断发展和人们消费需求的不断提升、政府扶持政策的不断跟进、城市化进程的加快和科学技术的不断进步,各因素之间相互联系、相互影响,形成了系统的动力结构,共同推进都市农业的持续深入发展.     

图片新闻

正近年来,崇明区持续推进世界级生态岛建设,把绿色农业发展作为核心基础产业,以绿色循环理念为指导,积极探索以循环(产业)化为基础、科技化为支撑、数字化为先导、法制化为保障、国际化为方向的"五化"同步推进模式,力争把崇明建设成为都市现代绿色农业高地,为绿水青山就是金山银山提供"崇明模式"。     

基于低碳经济视域探讨都市农业旅游的发展

随着全球环境问题和气候问题的愈发严重,低碳经济越来越受到人们的重视,发展低碳经济也成为一种社会潮流和发展趋势。低碳经济视域下发展都市农业旅游,不仅要求有效、合理的利用自然资源,还要注意对农业生态环境的保护和循环利用。本文简单分析了低碳经济与都市农业旅游的现状,提出了发展都市农业旅游的模式及发展路径,望能为我国都市农业旅游健康可持续发展提供参考与借鉴。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。