Management turnover expectations: a variable to explain company readiness to engage in continuous management training

What makes companies give their support to Continuous Management Training (CMT) and why, on occasion, do they block its progress? If a company thinks its managers might leave in the near future, would there be reasons for it to provide continuous training of these professionals? Do companies interpret all likely resignations in the same way? We attempt to provide an answer to these questions, by analysing the behaviour of companies' vis-à-vis continuous management training in terms of their expectations of the appropriability of the benefits that stem from such training. Appropriability is in turn assessed with regard to firms' expectations that their managers will leave their organisation without it having had the chance to recover the outlay invested in training. The analysis of business behaviour also demands an understanding of how these turnover expectations are produced and, more specifically, of the variables on which turnover expectations depend or might depend. The empirical study we carried out with over 300 Spanish companies revealed that company projections for voluntary turnover of management employees are positively connected with earlier experiences of turnover, with markets prone to change, and with business risk situations, and negatively associated with developed social management networks, satisfied managers and their degree of specificity in relation to the company. Nevertheless, no significant relationship was observed between expected turnover and the intensity of continuous management training. In general, companies make their management training investment decisions independently of the overall turnover expectations they might have. Different causes might exist for this absence of a relationship, centred in particular on the need for management training and an associated sense of urgency, which takes precedence over the risk of not recovering the investment when the business decision is taken, and on the nature of the management turnover perceived by the company, which is more complex than a strictly economic one.     

交易所年报问询能提升上市公司盈余质量吗？——基于深交所数据的实证分析

在上市公司公告年报后,交易所会组织专业人员对年报进行审核,并针对可能的疑问向上市公司发放年报问询函,要求公司回复并公开披露。基于这一制度背景,以深交所A股上市公司为研究对象,针对2014年至2017年间年报被问询的上市公司进行研究,发现在控制其他因素后,当年度年报被交易所问询的公司,其盈余管理程度更高、盈余质量更差,表明交易所在年报审核中是有的放矢的,关注到此类盈余质量更差的公司;同时发现,国有控股公司被问询的可能性低于非国有控股公司,表明交易所在年报问询中可能存在偏倚现象;进一步检验发现在年报被问询后,公司次年的盈余管理程度依然较高,盈余质量并未得到改善,年报问询这一非处罚性监管措施在改善盈余质量方面的监管效果有限。     

我国民营企业财务管理中的问题及对策

文章主要从民营制造企业的财务管理观念、财务管理制度、投融资、资金管理等方面分析了民营制造企业财务管理工作中存在的一些问题。同时针对这些问题提出了相应的一些措施,这些问题解决的好坏,将直接影响到我国民营企业的竞争能力。     

A multiobjective model for the selection and timing of public enterprise projects

In theory, a public utility company improves the quality of community life through its projects and actions. However, project selection and prioritization by these companies are highly complex processes. To assist company planning managers in such processes, we propose a mixed integer programming model that selects, from a bank of projects, which are worthy of investment. The question of timing is also addressed. The model maximizes a weighted sum of normalized economic and financial net present values and a social impact index. It simultaneously satisfies a set of precedence relations among projects, the earliest and latest project start dates, exogenous budget limits, and endogenous project cash flow generation. We illustrate the model's effectiveness using an example constructed from a case study of a major Latin American water and sewage company.     

To invest or not to invest: strategic decision making toward investing in training and development in Korean manufacturing firms

This study draws on the literature on strategic choice theory and training and development (T&D) to explore the theoretical mechanisms that explain the strategic decisions of top management, thereby leading to the T&D investment of firms. The current theoretical framework was examined using cross-lagged data collected from 163 Korean manufacturing companies at three time points over a five-year period. Results confirmed that firm performance and environmental change exert significant effects on top management strategic orientation toward T&D, which in turn, lead to financial resource allocation to T&D. The analysis also demonstrated that the effect of top management strategic orientation toward T&D on actual financial investment in T&D is stronger when the current level of human capital is high but not when it is low. This study provides meaningful practical and theoretical insights into the firm-level strategic decisions on T&D investment in organizations.     

我国公路公司财务风险控制研究——以A公路公司为例

经过改革开放30年以来的发展,我国基础设施建设行业得到快速发展,通过投资并运营高速公路的公司应运而生,在筹集公路建设资金和实现公路的快速发展方面做出了突出贡献并取得了显著成就。但由于公路投资额大,回收周期长的特点,建设和运营成本较高,通行费收入增长缓慢,债务包袱沉重,投资与还贷矛盾问题突出。如何有效分析、评估、控制此类公司的财务风险,成为迫切需要解决的重大课题。本文以A公路公司为研究对象,结合A公路公司的经营特点和财务风险的现状,有针对性地开展研究,从理论和实践操作上对公路公司财务风险控制进行系统研究。     

净资产收益率指标反映上市公司盈利能力问题探讨

考察一个公司的盈利能力,公认的财务指标是ROE(净资产收益率)。ROE反映的是实际投资收益水平,其充分考虑了毛利水平、资产周转率、财务杠杆等因素,是衡量上市公司盈利能力的核心指标。因此深刻理解其内涵,仔细了解其功用,有助于证券市场投资者正确评估股票内在价值,做出正确的投资决策。     

外部治理机制与企业过度投资——来自中国A股的经验证据

本文以中国A股市场2001年至2006年的所有非金融类上市公司为初始样本,研究了外部治理机制对公司过度投资的治理效应,得出以下结论:产品竞争越激烈,公司过度投资水平越低。公司信息披露质量与过度投资水平呈负相关关系。地区市场化指数、政府干预指数和信贷资金分配的市场化都能有效抑制处于该地区的上市公司的过度投资冲动,说明了地方政府在各个地区干预程度的差异所导致的不同经济后果,而地区法治化程度并不能对公司过度投资产生有效的影响。     

公司规模与股利政策关系的实证研究——基于对沪市100家上市公司的分析

股利政策是公司理财活动的重要内容之一,公司股利政策的制订受诸如国家的宏观经济环境和公司自身财务状况等因素的影响。本文采用实证分析的方法,对沪市100家上市公司股利分配方式进行研究,分析公司规模与股利政策的关系,并提出规范上市公司股利分配行为的建议。     

The Changing Role of the Training Function: A Test For the Integration of Human Resource and Business Strategies?

Helen Rainbird, who is Reader in Social Sciences at Nene College, Northampton, draws on detailed case study evidence from 21 undertakings in the public and private sector to consider the organisation of the training function. She finds that, although the integration of the training function into other policy areas, and of employees through involvement in training programmes, had not occurred to a great extent, nevertheless some of the undertakings had shown themselves capable of developing a more strategic approach to training. This was notably the case in two high technology companies, operating in highly competitive international markets, and in the public sector, where there was a stronger tradition and culture of training.     

研发投入、内部控制与财务风险相关性研究

由于研发创新能为企业带来可观的投资回报,因此有更多的企业注重提高自身的研发创新水平.近几年,我国整体研发规模在不断扩大,但企业关于研发投入的财务风险管理方面还存在不足之处.本文选取2016-2020年国内A股上市企业为研究对象,对研发投入、内部控制与财务风险的相关性进行实证分析.研究结果显示:内部控制质量与财务风险负相...     

A model to evaluate the effectiveness of enterprise training programmes

This paper describes a model developed to measure customer satisfaction with enterprise training programmes. Based on developments in customer satisfaction and quality measurement, it is proposed as an alternative to the training evaluation model developed by Kirkpatrick (1959). A single indicator, a Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), quantifies the level of satisfaction with each training programme. The model also measures the individual parameters that contribute to the CSI, as well as their relative importance. It facilitates a benchmarking process regarding these parameters and between training programmes. The development process of the model is described, as is its use in practice.     

Environmental Policies for Sustainable Development: An Analysis of the Drivers of Proactive Environmental Strategies in the Service Sector

This article examines the drivers of environmental proactivity in the service sector. Hypotheses were tested using multiple hierarchical regression analysis with data from a sample of 41 managers in Spanish environmental consulting companies. Results show statistically significant relationships between (1) managers’ attitude towards sustainable development, (2) positive short‐term firm performance and (3) the strategic attitude of environmental consulting firms and the adoption of proactive environmental strategies by the studied companies. This article is pioneering in the analysis of drivers of corporate proactive environmental strategies in the consultancy sector. The findings have practical implications for policy‐makers, investors and other agents interested in a better management of the environment. Economic incentives such as subsidies to environmental training programmes for managers can induce changes in cognitive components of managers’ attitudes. Education policies could also affect managers’ attitudes towards the environment. Companies may also encourage attitude change by providing their managers with financial assistance to receive environmental training. External assistance to develop a strategic attitude could be an interesting policy to encourage voluntary environmental initiatives. Finally, fiscal deductions, tax breaks or subsidies to those companies interested in managing the environment can be effective incentives for those firms facing a weak short‐term financial situation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

证券投资基金持股与管理者过度投资行为的相关性研究

基于沪深A股上市公司2008年-2010年的研究数据,分析了证券投资基金持股对企业过度投资的影响。研究发现,证券投资基金持股比例与管理者过度投资显著负相关,证券投资基金能有效抑制管理者的过度投资行为;进一步研究发现,证券投资基金持股比例越高,上市公司派发现金股利水平越高,并且证券投资基金持股在一定程度上能够抑制上市公司恶意派现的现象。     

投资机会、审计风险与审计质量研究

审计可以被视为解决公司代理问题的一种监控机制,是一项能够约束管理者机会主义行为的制度安排.以我国2004年--2008年只发行A股的上市公司为研究样本,在控制样本自选择偏误的基础上,检验审计质量、投资机会和可操控性应计的关系后发现:高投资机会公司的股东为监督公司的管理者有动机选择高质量的审计;同时,投资机会越大的公司,其可操控性应计越高,即高投资机会公司的注册会计师面临着更高的审计风险;而注册会计师为了降低审计风险和被诉讼的风险,也有动机提高自身的审计质量,从而遏制被审单位的可操控性应计.     

Management practices in Australasian ethical investment products: a role for regulation?

This paper adds to the literatures on socially responsible investment (SRI), investment management, regulation of financial services and social accounting by providing a comprehensive survey of investment methods used in SRI products and regulated social reporting in financial services. Australian and New Zealand regulations require issuers of self‐declarative SRI products to provide details on methods used in portfolio construction. Regulators' objectives to standardize the reporting of portfolio construction and thus improve its comparability were identified by examination of parliamentary debates and other public reports. Portfolio construction styles of 86 SRI products managed by 63 financial institutions in Australia and New Zealand were chosen for analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify associations between styles, construction methods and assessment techniques over a four‐year period: 2004–2007. These aspects were further examined in 18 case studies. Over the period, diversity and intensity of construction methods had increased both within and between investment managers. The non‐standard nature of management consultation used in SRI products, marketing needs to distinguish rather than standardize investment methods and the types of information thought relevant to clients did not reconcile easily with the types of information required by regulation. The more recent products in the sample tended to reference market indexes in portfolio construction, separate social considerations from financial considerations and delegate qualitative assessments of invested companies. Consumer policy implications arise from questions bearing on the integrity of information attached to investment products and the effective monitoring of delegated investment processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

政府补助与公司投资行为——基于中国上市公司的数据

基于公司投资视角,以2007—2012年我国资本市场上A股上市公司为样本,研究政府补助对公司投资行为的影响,结果显示：政府补助越多,公司投资支出水平越高;政府补助对非国有公司的投资激励作用比国有公司更有效;公司产权性质差异会影响政府补助的投资激励效应;市场化程度越低、经济增长越缓慢的地区,政府补助对公司投资支出的影响越敏感;上市公司的非效率投资问题比较突出,政府补助加剧了上市公司的过度投资行为。因此,政府应根据微观企业主体的差异性来制定和实施相应的补助政策,以实现预期效果。     

CFO变更与企业财务报告质量

在现代风险导向审计模式下,审计师会关注CFO变更这一信号以识别和评估财务报表重大错报风险,但鲜有文献探究财务报告质量是否因此而下降。以2010—2020年沪深两市A股上市公司为对象,研究CFO变更对企业财务报告质量的影响。研究表明,CFO变更提高了企业应计盈余管理的程度,增加了企业报告小额盈余、进行财务重述以及被出具非标审计意见的可能性,进而导致财务报告质量显著下降;当CFO未兼任内部董事、发生外部继任或非正常变更、任职于非央企时,上述负向作用更加明显。进一步研究表明,CFO变更通过提高企业的代理成本与信息不对称程度从而降低财务报告质量,并最终使企业面临更大的融资约束。     

媒体监督、非效率投资与企业价值——来自中国制造业上市公司的证据

以我国2010—2012年制造业违规上市公司为样本，对媒体监督、非效率投资和企业价值之间的动态关系进行研究，结果显示：近几年制造业违规上市公司普遍存在投资不足；媒体监督与非效率投资显著负相关，媒体监督可以明显降低企业非效率投资水平；无论是对于国有上市公司还是对于非国有上市公司来说，媒体监督都能抑制非效率投资，且对非国有企业约束力更强；媒体监督可以抑制和缓解非效率投资对企业价值的损害，保护股东的利益。     

Drivers to firm innovation and their effects on performance: an international comparison

This research aims to analyse the drivers to company innovation and their effects on the financial performance. This study is based upon a sample of companies, located in two neighbouring countries (Portugal and Spain). Linear regression was the methodology deployed to analyse the importance of innovation types (differences between Portugal and Spain). To analyse the extent to which the innovation capacity variables influence financial performance (turnover), we made recourse to Probit Regression models. Our results show significant differences in terms of both the drivers and inhibitors to innovation in these two countries. The introduction of products into new markets only proved significant at Spanish companies whilst innovations in both products and processes are significant in both sets of Iberian companies.