论北洋时期地方政府外债

北洋政府时期举借的外债,除了属于中央政府及国家企业的外,还有一部分是属于地方政府的`这些地方政府的外债就其含义而言,即由地方政府出面洽谈,由地方政府作为债务人签字的,在借款合同中规定由地方财产作担保并由地方偿还的外债①。本文就北洋时期地方政府举借外债的情况     

浅谈借款费用的学习

在会计专业技术资格考试当中,借款费用一章学习的时候,学员对此有些困惑,笔者结合近几年学习经验,对借款费用进行归纳总结,以飨读者。借款费用的学习目标:1.基本理论;2.资本化期间;3.专门借款资本化计算;4.一般借款资本化金额计算。     

广东引资双重隐性负面与对策思考

外资隐性质变,外债内涵扩大、进一步加大外债规模。在过去计划(或有计划商品)经济体制下,政府直接承担的对外债务(包括对外借款和担保借款)基本反映全省的外债规模。市场经济,尤其存在外汇调剂市场(或交易)条件下则不同,政府直接承担或担保对外债务比重明显下降c占外债不足一半),而政府的管理职能又转向更多柞直接干预,更“宏观”化。这样,单纯政府直接承担部分外债,己不足以反映全省债务概貌,这种小口径划分外债,仅仅便于分管理,而在宏观上、全局性外汇平衡管理方面,已逐渐失去主导意义。可以说,体制的变化不仅扩大了外债的内容,而且已使部分外资外汇潜移默化具备了外债某种特性,扩大了外债内涵。     

也方政府机构的银行融资情况研究

根据现行法律,除主权债务外,一般情况下政府机构向商业银行举借债务是不允许的。但是,由于地方政府存在着复杂的融资需求,因此,其各种显性和隐性的融资行为并不鲜见。特别是为满足基础设施项目建设的资金需求,通过设立各类投融资机构向商业银行借款,地方政府实际完成了融资。这是目前地方政府债务的一种重要形式。本文简要分析云南省地（州）市级政府向银行借款融资的现状,探讨地方政府的融资需求和银行从事政府机构业务的动因,分析现行融资模式下银政双方的得失,以及潜在的风险,并对可行的对策进行了思考总结。     

地方政府主权外债风险研究

地方政府不具有举债权 ,相应地 ,也不直接承担偿债风险 ,它将最后的偿债风险转嫁给了中央政府。由于地方政府主权外债具有不同于国家外债的特点 ,地方政府主权外债的潜在风险就必然不同于国家主权外债。本文主要说明地方政府主权外债主要有哪些潜在风险 ,从而为其制定风险管理战略提供理论依据。     

地方政府机构的银行融资情况研究

根据现行法律,除主权债务外,一般情况下政府机构向商业银行举借债务是不允许的.但是,由于地方政府存在着复杂的融资需求,因此,其各种显性和隐性的融资行为并不鲜见.特别是为满足基础设施项目建设的资金需求,通过设立各类投融资机构向商业银行借款,地方政府实际完成了融资.这是目前地方政府债务的一种重要形式.本文简要分析云南省地(州)市级政府向银行借款融资的现状,探讨地方政府的融资需求和银行从事政府机构业务的动因,分析现行融资模式下银政双方的得失,以及潜在的风险,并对可行的对策进行了思考总结.     

试论借款费用的会计处理

一、借款费用的概念及其范围根据《国际会计准则 2 3——借款费用》中的定义 ,借款费用是指企业承担的、与借入资金相关的利息和其他费用 ,可以包括 :长短期借款利息 ;与借款相关的折价或溢价的摊销 ;安排借款时发生的辅助费用的摊销 ;依《国际会计准则——租凭会计》确认的融资租赁所形成的融资租赁费 ;作为利息费用调整额的外币借款产生的汇兑差额。二、借款费用的处理方法国际上通行的借款费用会计处理主要有两种方法 :一种是借款费用计入费用发生时的当期损益中 ,即所谓借款费用费用化 ;另一种是将与建造或生产某项资产直接相关的借款费…     

项目投资中利息资本化核算的探讨

项目投资中利息资本化核算方法,在新会计准则下更趋合理:与原企业会计准则相比有很大改变:扩大了可予资本化的借款范围,规定一般借款也可资本化处理,将专门借款和一般借款的借款费用分别纳入会计准则;对专门借款的借款费用资本化问题扩大到"相关资产".本文结合项目投资例题进行分析探讨.     

借款利息资本化金额计算的改进与不足

自2007年1月1日施行的借款费用新准则对专门借款费用资本化金额的计算作出了改进,但要求当资产支出超过专门借款本金时,应当考虑占用的一般借款利息资本化问题,而原借款费用准则不考虑一般借款费用的资本化,笔者对此进行比较分析,并提出相关建议。     

从“津浦铁路债券”看晚清铁路外债借款模式的转变及其影响

1908年,改约签订的《津浦铁路借款合同》,成为清末借款筑路的重要转折点,不仅改变了过去以路权做抵押的借款模式,而且也收回了部分利权,这一模式被称为"津浦铁路借款"模式,为沪杭甬等铁路借款模式所采用,成为铁路借款模式的范本。本文结合中国财税博物馆藏"津浦铁路债券"以及相关史实资料来回顾晚清时期津浦铁路筑路及借款合同的来龙去脉,以及由此形成的津浦铁路借款模式对当时的积极意义。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

Issues in Childcare Policy in Australia

This article assesses the feasibility and desirability of a universal scheme of early childhood education for Australian children aged 3 and 4 years old.