基于价格折扣机制的旅游供应链研究

文章研究以旅行社和景区组成的二级的旅游供应链,运用经济学及相关博弈理论,分别对分散无折扣定价和联合有折扣定价条件下旅游供应链的利润进行研究,得到联合有折扣条件下供应链整体利润较优,并确定了旅行社跟景区进行合作的折扣条件。最后,用运用Shapley值法对合作带来的收益进行协调。     

基于博弈理论的外贸出口供应链利益分配问题研究

针对出口制造商、国外进口零售商和外贸服务商组成的外贸出口供应链中的利益分配问题,运用博弈理论分析独立决策和合作决策下的定价及利润关系,得出合作决策不仅使供应链系统收益提高,而且消费者也从中获益.对于合作决策下利益分配的矛盾,可以运用群体加权重心模型对供应链中成员企业的收益进行合理分配,达到共赢的目的.最后通过算例加以说明外贸出口供应链利益分配问题,并给出了研究的结论及启示.     

旅行社质量保证金必要性博弈研究

旅行社行业的无序竞争,造成旅行社利润率连年下降,不仅使信誉受损,而且打击了旅游者组团出游的积极性。旅行社质量保证金政策的实施,将有限次重复博弈中的囚徒困境局面解决,加大了旅行社对合作的利益分配,使组团社和地接社不得不提供质价相符的旅游产品,进而达到旅行社与旅游者的共赢。     

电子商务环境下双渠道闭环供应链协调定价模型

在电子商务环境下运用博弈理论研究了具有零售渠道和直销渠道的闭环供应链的定价与协调问题。分析和比较了分散决策与集中决策对双渠道闭环供应链节点企业定价决策和利润的影响,发现分散决策将导致一定的效率损失。为弥补这种效率损失,设计了一个两部收费制契约,以实现双渠道闭环供应链的协调。     

电子商务环境下双渠道闭环供应链协调定价模型

在电子商务环境下运用博弈理论研究了具有零售渠道和直销渠道的闭环供应链的定价与协调问题。分析和比较了分散决策与集中决策对双渠道闭环供应链节点企业定价决策和利润的影响,发现分散决策将导致一定的效率损失。为弥补这种效率损失,设计了一个两部收费制契约,以实现双渠道闭环供应链的协调。     

供应商-零售商两级供应链协调和利润分配机制研究

文章对单个供应商与单个零售商组成的高级供应链进行研究,分析在非线性市场需求下供应商和零售商在集中决策和分散决策情况下的利润,进而对利润分配机制进行探讨。结果表明,供应链协调时的系统利润要大于不协调时的系统利润,零售商的售价决定供应链的利润,供应商的批发价决定供应链的利润分配,供应链可以通过分配因子的选择实现利润的共享。     

回收再制造逆向供应链中定价契约协调的研究

按分散式决策、集中式决策两种情形,分别构建了产品回收量与回收价格和回收努力同时相关的逆向供应链决策模型;并通过二部定价契约和回馈与惩罚契约对分散决策下的逆向供应链实现了协调,避免了"双重边际加价"所导致的利益损失,使得整条供应链的总利润与集中决策下的目标一致。     

基于渠道竞争的双渠道供应链低碳协调策略

针对由一个制造商和一个零售商构成的双渠道供应链,将渠道竞争和产品的低碳性能引入消费者的非线性需求中,通过构建制造商为主导者的Stackelberg博弈模型,对比分析了分散决策和集中决策下的最优定价、碳排放水平和成员利润,并采用价格折扣-成本分摊契约实现了供应链的协调。研究结果表明:在分散决策和集中决策两种情况下,渠道竞争程度的增加均会造成碳排放水平、供应链利润和消费者效用的降低;集中决策下的直销价格大于分散决策下的直销价格,集中决策下的零售价格小于分散决策下的零售价格。最后通过算例验证了以上结论和协调机制的有效性。     

随机需求下基于增量返利合同的供应链协调

基于单个制造商和单个零售商组成的两级供应链进行研究,比较了分散决策与集中决策对供应链利润的影响,分析了供应链协调的重要性,建立了增量返利激励的供应链合作模型。最后通过数值算例说明了所建立的协同机制可以使分散的供应链系统达到了和集中式供应链系统相同的绩效,系统实现了帕累托的改进,实现供应链成员的利益共享。     

零售商公平关切下闭环供应链产品升级生产与协调机制研究

研究了由一个制造商和零售商组成的产品升级闭环供应链的生产协调问题。引入公平关切系数后,分别讨论了产品升级闭环供应链集中与分散模型下的最优生产决策,分析零售商公平关切行为、产品升级前后性能差距对产品升级闭环供应链利润的影响,并提出“定价契约”对产品升级闭环供应链利润进行协调。研究表明,制造商需要合理控制升级前后产品性能差距才能使得升级前后产品拥有更好的市场;随着零售商公平关切行为程度的提升,制造商的利润会向零售商发生转移;控制升级性能差距不变,产品不断地推陈出新会提高供应链的整体收益;采用“定价契约”可以协调制造商和零售商之间的收益,实现帕累托优化。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.