中国何时对日扣动经济扳机？

日本在钓鱼岛问题上一步步挑衅，遭致中国政府和公众的有力回击。面对日方挑衅，中国政府后发制人，采取的一系列应对措施有节奏、有章法，步步为营，宣示了中国对钓鱼岛的主权，展示了中国捍卫领土主权的决心，彰显了有理有利有节的原则。这是一套基于历史、法理和实力的反制措施。     

中日钓鱼岛争端的来龙去脉

钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿自古以来是中国的固有领土,无论在历史上还是法律上,中国都对这些岛屿拥有无可争辩的主权。但近些年来,日本一而再、再而三地声称拥有钓鱼岛主权,并在此海域屡屡制造事端。钓鱼岛主权归属的历史真相究竟如何？     

钓鱼岛争端真相解读

钓鱼岛历史和法理上都是中国的固有领土,由于美国和日本的私相授受导致了中日钓鱼岛争端,并因为日本所谓＂国有化＂钓鱼岛而致争端升温。日本促使争端升温目的是为了获得经济、政治和战略利益,脱离战后体制。美国推动争端升温是其国家战略的一部分,目的非常明确：即控制日本、遏制中国,自己坐收渔翁之利而长久称霸。这场争端的背后,深层原因只有两个字：利益,争端涉及中美日三国利益。经济决定政治,随着中国经济实力的崛起,钓鱼岛终将属于中国!     

钓鱼岛问题与中日东海争端

钓鱼岛的主权归属,作为一个历史遗留问题一直是中日两国东海争端中长期较量的焦点。2010年9月,中日”撞船事件”引发的钓鱼岛风波．再次将人们的视线聚焦于两国之间的钓鱼岛争端上。钓鱼岛争端,不仅仅是几个岛屿的归属问题和影响中日关系健康发展的主要敏感争执点,也是中国这个传统的大陆国家关注海权意识、海权理论以及维护海权的手段的一个重要引发点。     

冷战后俄罗斯地缘战略的研究

冷战后,俄罗斯面临内忧外患的国内外形势,采取了切实可行的地缘战略,为其重振大国地位起到了重要作用。在地缘战略概念和提法被国际社会普遍认同情况下,有必要从战略高度综合思考地缘政治、地缘经济、地缘军事和地缘文化等内容。对维护国家主权与领土完整统一,确保国家安全与发展,谋求和平稳定的周边环境,以及推动建立国际政治经济新秩序等具有重要意义。     

冷战后俄罗斯地缘战略的研究

冷战后,俄罗斯面临内忧外患的国内外形势,采取了切实可行的地缘战略,为其重振大国地位起到了重要作用.在地缘战略概念和提法被国际社会普遍认同情况下,有必要从战略高度综合思考地缘政治、地缘经济、地缘军事和地缘文化等内容.对维护国家主权与领土完整统一,确保国家安全与发展,谋求和平稳定的周边环境,以及推动建立国际政治经济新秩序等具有重要意义.     

众志成城 将爱国热情转化为卫国动力

2012年9月10日,日本政府不顾国际舆论和中方一再严正交涉,一意孤行宣布"购买"我国钓鱼岛及其附属的南小岛和北小岛,实施所谓"国有化"。针对日本所谓"购岛"行径,中国政府9月10日严正声明,日本政府的所谓"购岛"完全是非法的、无效的,丝毫改变不了日本侵占中国领土的历史事实,丝毫改变不了中国对钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿的领土主权。随后,全球华人纷纷展开了轰轰烈烈的保钓卫国抗日活动。然而,在国内的某些城市,个别混入游行队伍中的不法分子,借机把对日本政府的不满行径发泄到对国内同胞私有财产的打砸毁上,他们的行为触犯了法律,给人民生命财产造成了严重的后果,严重伤害了同胞的爱国热情和人身安全,在国际国内造成了不可弥补的恶劣影响。钓鱼岛历史上就是中国的固有领土,在行政归属上明朝年间隶属于福建,清朝初年起隶属于台湾。中日钓鱼岛主权归属争端,源于19世纪末日本对外扩张所致,属于历史遗留问题。本文分析中日钓鱼岛争端的实质,为解决争端、增强国力提出探讨性方案。     

试论主权财富基金的金融稳定机制

主权财富基金的飞速发展,因其规模巨大、运作隐秘,牵动各东道国的敏感神经,引发不少西方国家的敌视,并诱发金融保护主义。次贷危机后,一些主权财富基金对面临危机的欧美金融机构的援手、注资行为,转变了人们对主权财富基金的观念,其金融稳定职能的一面被逐渐认识和接受。文章从主权财富基金促使全球金融资本循环流动、维护汇率稳定、减缓市场价格波动和在危机时对金融机构的救助等四个方面探讨了主权财富基金的金融稳定机制。     

论历史教学中“主权、和平、环保”意识培养

中国历史上，涉及国家主权问题的突出事件莫过于鸦片战争。鸦片战争使做着“天朝上国”迷梦的清政府开始逐步沦为帝国主义侵略中国的工具。清政府的腐败无能使国家主权不断丢失，这些主权涉及政治、经济、军事、文化等各个方面。主权丧失的结果是：国民任人宰割、资源任人掠夺、国家急剧贫困衰落、中华民族面临着亡国灭种的深刻危机……鸦片战争不仅证明了落后就要挨打的道理，还证明了主权意识不强，就将遭到外敌任意践踏的道理。国家要振兴，民族要自强，就必须培养国民的主权意识，中国近代史虽是一部屈辱的民族血泪史，但同时也为促使古老中华民族的觉醒、重新认识世界带来了深刻的教训。我们只有加强对历史客观事实的了解，培养主权意识，才能有效地维护祖国统一和人类社会的稳定。     

军事物流外包风险识别与防范

军事物流外包是当前军事物流领域的研究热点和重点之一。军事物流外包的实施,因受到各种政治因素、社会因素、自然因素、经济因素、技术因素的影响和制约而面临着各种各样的风险。文章从物流外包的概念入手,分析了军事物流外包在政治、道德、经济、信息等方面风险形成的机理,从坚持军事决定原则、建立法制法规体系和协商机制、建立监控评估体系、疏通信息传递渠道四个方面提出了防范措施,并对下一步在风险评估指标体系及评估方法等方面的研究重点进行了展望。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.