数字

7308万2010年上海世博会已于10月31日正式落下帷幕,此届世博会在其六个月的时间内吸引到了7308万游客。据悉,本次世博会超过了1970年大阪世博会6400万参观人次的最高纪录。据统计,上海世博会平均每天将近40万人进出世博园,10月16日出现单日最高客流,超过103万人。在总客流人数当中,海外游客超过350万人次。     

对外开放与劳动分配比例:基于中国省际面板数据检验

文章使用1999～2007年中国30个省的面板数据,实证分析了对外开放对中国劳动分配比例的影响,主要研究发现为:对外贸易对中国的劳动分配比例具有显著的正面影响,但是就外商直接投资来说,在控制了对外贸易和其他变量之后,它对劳动分配比例并没有显著的负面影响,FDI对劳动分配比例的影响取决于工资竞争效应和技术租金效应的变动。其他变量对对外开放的影响因地区而异。     

外商直接投资与区域创新能力——基于省际面板数据的实证研究

文章利用1999～2008年我国省际面板数据,实证分析了FDI技术溢出对我国自主创新能力提升的具体影响。研究结果表明,FDI技术溢出对我国自主创新能力提升有明显的正面效应,但这种溢出效应主要体现在外观设计和实用新型专利授权量上,对发明专利的授权量没有显著影响。对东、中、西部地区的进一步分析表明,FDI对中国东、中部地区的外观设计、实用新型创新能力具有较显著的溢出效应,而对西部地区影响不显著。     

对外贸易对劳动分配比例的影响——基于中国省级面板数据的分析

文章分析了对外贸易对劳动分配比例的影响机制,并利用1996-2006年期间29个省级单位面板数据进行了实证分析。估计结果表明,对外出口对不包括三大直辖市的26个省级单位的劳动分配比例产生了正面影响,对外进口则产生了负面影响,这可能是对外出口和对外进口的劳动生产率效应和就业效应有所不同。东部地区的估计结果与不包含三大直辖市的26个省级单位的估计结果类似,中西部地区的对外贸易没有对劳动分配比例产生显著影响。对外贸易对所有29个省级单位劳动分配比例的总效应为正。     

团队精神型领导与研发团队创新行为的关系——团队自省性和团队外部社会资本的影响

研发团队创新行为对企业获取竞争优势至关重要。以往研究相对忽略了精神性因素对团队创新行为的动力机制。文章借鉴创新成分理论和创造力系统理论,聚焦于精神性因素对团队创新行为的动力机制以及团队外部社会资本的调节效应。通过对106个研发团队329名研发团队成员数据的统计分析表明：团队精神型领导对团队创新行为具有显著正向影响;团队自省性在团队精神型领导和团队创新行为之间具有部分中介作用;团队外部社会资本调节了团队精神型领导对团队创新行为的正向影响,团队外部社会资本越高,团队精神型领导对团队创新行为的正向影响也越强,反之越弱。团队外部社会资本还调节了团队自省性在团队精神型领导和团队创新行为之间的中介效应,团队外部社会资本越高,团队精神型领导通过团队自省性的中介进而对团队创新行为的影响也越强,反之越弱。研究结论拓展了中国组织情景下精神型领导在团队层次的影响效应研究,也拓展了团队创新行为的精神性动力因素及其动力机制的实证研究。     

上市银行绩效影响因素的实证分析——基于风险角度

本文从信用风险和流动性风险两方面入手,以我国12家上市商业银行2009—2012年的面板数据为样本,对影响商业银行经营绩效的因素进行了实证研究。实证结果表明,从信用风险方面看,银行的不良贷款率对绩效有负面影响,而单一集团客户授信集中度对绩效则无显著影响;从流动性风险方面看,存贷比与绩效呈负相关,而流动性比率对绩效则无显著影响;另外,银行的自身资产规模对绩效有正面影响,而资本充足率则对绩效具有负面影响。     

经济发展、制度环境与就业增长:基于省级面板数据的考察

本文基于全国30个省(市、自治区)制造业部门的行业数据,通过面板分析方法,考察了经济发展、制度环境对投资就业吸纳能力的影响.投资就业吸纳能力包括行业就业强度与投资就业偏向度两个层面.实证分析表明,经济发展对行业就业强度具有负面影响、对投资就业偏向度具有正面影响,对总体就业吸纳能力具有不显著的负面影响;制度环境改善对行业就业强度、投资就业偏向度、总体就业吸纳能力具有显著的正面影响.这表明各地区在制度环境层面对现有政策进行修正,学习先进地区经验,能切实推动我国的就业增长.     

浅谈农村劳动力转移对农村经济发展的影响

我国是农业大国,农村人口数量比例大,农村经济是我国经济发展中的重要组成部分,作为农村经济发展的重要因素,农村劳动力会对农村经济发展发挥重要作用。但是,我国耕地面积与农村人口不成正比,导致农村劳动力资源利用不合理,再加上改革开放效应的影响、农村基础设施发展滞后等因素影响,农村劳动力发生了大规模的转移,而劳动力的转移对农村经济发展的影响有正面的,也有负面的。分析其负面影响并提出具体的解决策略,对于促进农村经济发展具有重要意义。文章主要针对该问题进行探讨。     

人民币汇率波动的微观效应——基于制造业上市公司财务数据的分析

根据我国522家制造业上市企业2001—2007年的财务数据,采用动态面板数据模型分析人民币汇率波动对企业融资能力的影响。研究结果表明:在企业存在货币错配的情况下,当期和滞后1期的人民币汇率波动对企业短期信贷能力和总信贷能力有显著的正相关效应,且滞后1期的效应更为明显,但对长期信贷能力的影响不明显。由于我国企业存在大量的债务型货币错配,人民币有效汇率的贬值给我国企业的融资能力带来了负面影响。     

焦点·图览

告别世博 2010年10月31日晚,英国的一位女官员正在拆下世博“种子圣殿”的第一根亚克力杆。当日,上海世博会闭幕式在世博文化中心举行。在过去的184天里,一共有90个国家、56个国际组织以及中外企业参展。本届世博会创造了7308万的入园观众数、单日参观者103万的惊人纪录,经初步计算,世博旅游带来的直接经济效益超过800亿元。     

Determinants of brand equity in cultural organizations: the case of an art exhibition

The purpose of this research is two-fold. First, to explore the factors that help to create brand equity in cultural organizations from the visitor viewpoint and second, to examine the impact of cultural brand equity on visitor satisfaction as well as on future intentions. A model of the relationships is developed and empirically tested using data collected from visitors attending The Ages of Mankind cultural exhibition in Castilla and León, Spain. In the present study, evidence is found to support the propositions that brand equity is closely linked to the particular image it conveys, to the event's recognition, the quality of the exhibitions and the cultural values it transmits. Brand equity also impacts visitor perception of the most recent exhibition, as well as future intentions to attend or even pay an admission fee.     

Factors influencing website traffic in the paid content market

In the competing online environment, paid content providers face the important problem of attracting people to their websites. In our study we use PLS to analyse the effect of 16 factors on two traffic measures: (1) number of visitors and (2) number of page views per visitor. The results show that the number of visitors is directly and positively influenced by the quality of the offering, interactivity, accessibility, and relevance while the number of page views is positively influenced by credibility, interactivity, personalisation, and navigation. Additionally, credibility, branding, and visibility have been found to influence traffic indirectly. Accessibility of the website, although important in attracting new visitors, is not enough to achieve success as it reduces the number of page views per visitor.     

A Study on the Impact of SARS on the Forecast of Visitor Arrivals to China

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to build a model to forecast the visitor arrivals to China and to examine the impact caused by the SARS incident. Seasonal ARIMA models and seasonal dummy variables are created to build the forecast models, and we use intervention analysis to process the outliers resulting from unexpected incidents. The results reveal that the SARS incident had a considerable impact on the international visitor arrivals to China and caused the figures to drop by at least 42%. The seasonal ARIMA models are also used to forecast the visitor arrivals to China up to the end of 2007.     

Approaches to managing co-production for the co-creation of value in a museum setting: when authenticity matters

ABSTRACT

This qualitatively-based empirical research explored the strategies used by two museums to manage their roles in co-production as well as how they manage, motivate and guide visitors through the process of co-production. We also gained insights into how visitors responded to these strategies. Our findings suggest that the two museums employ different strategies to co-produce the consumption experience and that their strategies were linked to the nature of authenticity that is apparent in the museums. Strategies included explicitly controlling the visitor experience through empowering visitors to design their own visitor experience. The success of these strategies relied on the two museums recognising the situational variables of the context of consumption and adopting appropriate strategies that enabled them and the visitors to leverage the value of the visitor experience. The findings from this study suggest that further research should be undertaken on how authenticity might be integrated into a service-dominant logic paradigm and service strategies aimed at enhancing the co-creation of value.     

Assessing satisfaction with core and secondary attributes

This research assesses visitor satisfaction with the core and secondary attributes of a tourist destination, using two conventional methods, stated and derived importance. The article shows the importance of core attributes are recoverable equally well, regardless of the method. Importance of secondary attributes, however, vary depending on the estimation method. This difference is systematic. Researchers should use derived methods for assessing satisfaction with secondary attributes. The data are from surveys from visitors to Latin America.     

Spatial competition and agglomeration in the visitor attraction sector

This paper provides a theoretical and empirical contribution to understanding spatial competition by examining visitor attractions in two contrasting clusters of lower and higher levels of agglomeration of businesses in Cornwall, UK. The study found that competition is mainly for customers and labour and is related differently to the levels of agglomeration, spatial proximity and thematic product similarity between visitor attractions at the local compared with the regional scale. Location can be used differently for employing ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ competitive strategies. The study contributes to the knowledge on the spatiality of competition and the locational strategies of service businesses.     

The traditional marketplace: serious leisure and recommending authentic travel

ABSTRACT

Services reliant on revenue generated from tourism are often beholden to how authentic visitors perceive their offering to be. From a managerial perspective, this is exacerbated when they serve a dual-purpose, as both actively ingrained in local culture and showcased international tourist attractions. As such, this study contributes to Kolar and ?abkar’s (2010) consumer-based model of authenticity by assessing the relationships between serious leisure, object-based and existential authenticity, and visitor word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations in Iranian cultural tourism. Utilising partial least-squares structural equation modelling, and drawing upon responses from 615 visitors to the Tabriz Grand Bazaar, it thus extends the model’s applicability to the developing Middle Eastern context. The results extend extant research by emphasising the importance of object-based authenticity, as opposed to existential authenticity, in stimulating positive visitor WOM recommendations. Consequently, this study advances the prevailing understanding of the role of authenticity in stimulating positive behavioural intentions by highlighting how destinations can stimulate visitor recommendations.     

Money Following Trust: Evidence from China’s High‐Value Payment System

This study enriches the economic consequence of trust from the perspective of cash flow. It analyzes the impact of trust on interprovincial cash flow using matching data pertaining to Chinese provincial trust and the high‐value payment system in 2006–2010. It further investigates trust’s effect in different legal protection scenarios to explore the interactive role of formal and informal institutions. The results indicate that trust can significantly promote interprovincial cash flow and it persists after addressing endogeneity concerns and across different methods. However, this effect is only significant or much larger in provinces with less legal protection, indicating the alternative roles played by trust and formal institutions.     

旅游目的地竞争与吸引力创新分析

文章提出了旅游吸引力三层次和目的地发展创新的三阶段假说,并以此为全文论证的逻辑起点,认为旅游景区所有权与经营权分离这种“制度创新”是地区发展旅游经济竞争的必然结果,目的地旅游发展应该从旅游产业的概念回归到旅游经济的层面上来,对于目的地旅游吸引物资源也应该完成从资源性管理向资产性管理的跳跃。     

Service integration in omnichannel retailing and its impact on customer experience

Although omnichannel retailing has received considerable attention from scholars and practitioners in recent years, its impacts on customer experience and relationship outcomes remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of two components of service integration in omnichannel retailing, namely service consistency and service transparency, on customer experience (i.e. flow and perceived privacy risk), and customer loyalty. Flow theory and hyperbolic discounting theory are employed to underpin these relationships. The data was collected using an online survey with 786 useable responses. Our findings indicate that service consistency has a direct and significant impact on flow and perceived risk while only the effect of service transparency on flow is significant. Moreover, both flow and perceived risk are related to customer loyalty to a retailer. Furthermore, it is found that showrooming behaviour and location-based service usage moderate the relationship between service consistency and privacy risk. The findings of the research provide important implications for a retailer regarding the development, implementation and management of omnichannel strategy.