加强返乡农民工创业教育培训研究

2008年,以起始于美国的金融危机为导火索,中国出现了大规模的农民工返乡潮。农民工返乡给就业形势原本就十分严峻的农村带来新的压力。如何做好返乡农民工的就业问题就显得尤为重要。而通过农民工创业教育培训提高农民工素质和就业技能,对于实现返乡农民工就业和推动新农村建设具有积极的推进作用。文章以农民工返乡为背景,结合我国农民教育培训发展的现状,探讨如何加强农民工创业教育培训问题,并提出具体的对策建议。     

吉林省返乡农民工创业现状分析与政策建议

2009年中央1号文件指出,落实农民工返乡创业扶持政策,充分挖掘农业内部就业潜力,拓展农村非农就业空间,鼓励农民就近就地创业.在金融危机的背景下,吉林省采取了一些积极的就业政策,广开农民工就业门路.本文从吉林省返乡农民工创业现状出发,分析了吉林省返乡农民工创业过程中存在的问题,提出了具体的政策建议.     

失地农民失业保险制度需求影响因素以及方案设计--基于武汉市城郊的调查数据

失业保险制度是应对失业风险的重要机制,但至今失地农民尚未纳入失业保险制度覆盖范围.随着城市化的不断发展,城郊地区农民面临着失地又失业的风险.对失地农民失业保险参保意愿、自我保障能力和家庭保障能力以及就业状况方面的实证分析表明,失地农民对失业保险制度的需求较高.二元Logistic回归分析进一步表明,年龄、性别、受教育水平对失地现象的认知是影响失地农民失业保险参保意愿的重要因素.在统筹城乡社会保障体系发展背景下,将失地农民纳入城镇失业保险制度框架,同时结合失地农民特点提供失业保险参保方案是发展失地农民失业保险制度的总体思路.     

多管齐下维护农民工合法权益

加强依法维护农民工合法权益,必须多管齐下。一是建立健全社会保障农民工权益法律体系,为农民工维权提供法律依据。针对农民工的职业特点,建立农民工的分层保障体系,分层分类保障农民工的合法权益。从而改变社会保障制度中的不合理结构、不平衡局面和不公正因素,形成社会保障新常态。二是促进用工单位和执法单位依法办事。进一步完善与《劳动法》相配套的有关劳动保障法律法规,从同工同     

期待农民工春天来临

日前，中央财经领导小组办公室副主任、中央农村工作领导小组办公室主任陈锡文表示，受金融危机影响，全国约有2000万农民工失去工作或者还没有找到工作而返乡，占外出就业农民工总数的15．3％。加上每年新加入到外出打工队伍的农民，这意味着，2009年将有2500万农民就业面临很大压力。     

政府促进农民工就业机制研究——以保定市为例

农民工为我国的社会主义建设做出了巨大的贡献,但农民工的权利和利益长期被忽视,产生了一系列社会问题。尤其是2008年全球金融危机的爆发,大量农民工返乡,出现了大规模的农民工就业难题。为此,本文结合保定市农民工就业的具体情况,探讨政府促进农民工就业的长效机制。     

我国社会保障制度对就业的影响

就业和社会保障是现代社会的基本问题,社会保障制度为劳动力市场的平稳运行提供保障,二者紧密相连。我国的社会保障制度基础、失业保险支出方向、社会保障面和社会保障水平、社会保障范围均对就业产生不利影响。     

帮扶返乡农民工

针对当地大批外出务工人员受金融危机冲击纷纷返乡谋生的实际，安徽涡阳供电公司主动作为，靠前服务，想方设法，采取多种措施为返乡农民工创业提供帮扶。 当地返乡的农民们说，供电企业“送来的是春风”。     

农民工社会保障制度的进程、困境和出路——试论构建社会主义和谐社会中的农民工社会保障问题

农民工作为生活在城镇农村之间的边缘人,具有流动性强、非正规就业多、自我保护能力弱等特点,属于社会保障中的弱势群体.农民工社会保障制度的建立和完善既有利于农村的发展,又有利于城镇的发展;不仅可以促进公平,也可提高效率,对于构建和谐社会也具有很重要的意义.因此,我们必须采取应对措施,促进农民工社会保障制度的顺利进行.本文从我国农民工社会保障问题提出的背景出发,阐述农民工社会保障的进展状况,分析制约其顺利进行的因素,从而探讨出解决的有效途径.     

瑞典劳动力市场政策对完善我国失业保险制度的启示

随着社会和经济的不断发展,失业保障在维持下岗失业人员的基本生活、促进就业和维护社会稳定等方面作用越来越大。但是在发展过程中暴露的问题也日趋严峻,如果不尽快采取有效措施,则必将影响到社会保障体系乃至劳动力市场的健康发展。本文以瑞典劳动力市场政策的成功实施为借鉴,通过失业保险的途径激励失业者再就业,从而进一步完善我国的失业保险制度。     

Fixed‐Term Contracts: Short‐Term Blessings or Long‐Term Scars? Empirical Findings from the Netherlands 1980–2000

Using a comprehensive longitudinal dataset of prime‐age Dutch workers over the period 1980–2000, we examine how a previously held job with a fixed‐term contract influences both the likelihood and the duration of a future spell of unemployment. Analyses show that Dutch workers with fixed‐term contracts experience higher risks of future unemployment and have no shorter spells of unemployment compared to workers with regular contracts. Results also reveal that swifter employment re‐entries among men with fixed‐term contracts can be explained by their job search efforts before unemployment. Our study (partly) invalidates theoretical positions that claim that fixed‐term contracts foster employment security by shortening unemployment durations; suggesting that fixed‐term contracts are a short‐term blessing that could end, for some workers, in a recurrent unemployment trap.     

Transitions into Permanent Employment in Spain: An Empirical Analysis for Young Workers

This article analyses the transitions into permanent employment of a sample of young temporary employees in Spain for the period 1996–2003. For this purpose, we apply multiple‐spell duration techniques to a longitudinal dataset of temporary workers obtained from Social Security registers. Our main findings are as follows. First, the transitions from a temporary contract into unemployment and into another temporary contract are very high when compared with transitions into permanent employment. Second, the entry into permanent employment — although slightly increasing with tenure at the temporary contract — is very low; the only exception is that of semi‐skilled and unskilled individuals, who are particularly likely to enter into permanent employment at the 24th and the 36th month of tenure (respectively). Third, we find that there exists a substantial proportion of workers with unobservable characteristics that make them show high exit rates from temporary employment and, at the same time, a rapid exit from unemployment — while the remaining individuals exit from unemployment more slowly, particularly those who are receiving unemployment benefits.     

Who Benefits from Teams? Comparing Workers,Supervisors, and Managers

This article offers a political explanation for the diffusion and sustainability of team-based work systems by examining the differential outcomes of team structures for 1200 workers, supervisors, and middle managers in a large unionized telecommunications company. Regression analyses show that participation in self-managed teams is associated with significantly higher levels of perceived discretion, employment security, and satisfaction for workers and the opposite for supervisors. Middle managers who initiate team innovations report higher employment security but otherwise are not significantly different from their counterparts who are not involved in innovations. By contrast, there are no significant outcomes for employees associated with their participation in off-line problem-solving teams.     

建立和完善农民工社会保障的思考

在科学发展观下努力建设社会主义和谐社会的今天,农民工群体日益成为我国劳动力市场的一大生力军,一个发展国民经济不可或缺的部分,但农民工群体存在的问题特别是社会保障问题很不尽人意,农民工社会保障备受社会关注。正视问题并分析积极探讨解决对策势在必行。本文从我国农民工社会保障问题入手,通过对我国农民工社会保障的现状分析,提出一些建设性对策。     

农民工市民化进程中养老保险制度融合研究

本文首先运用较为详实和权威的数据对农民工养老保险的现状进行了分析,然后从制度因素、经济因素、农民工自身因素等多个方面对制约农民工社会保障融合的因素进行了详尽论述。最后对养老保险融合机制的构建进行了有意义的探索和研究,以期能在决策层建设农民工社会保障的实践操作中提供建设性建议。     

Labor Courts and Firing Costs: The Labor-Market Effects of Trial Delays

Employment protection is the result of labor laws as well as of institutional factors not encompassed in official legislation. Courts' delays in settling labor disputes are among those factors. Using individual data from the Italian Labour Force Survey (2008–2010) and exploiting the territorial heterogeneity in the duration of labor trials across Italian regions we investigate the effect of courts’ delays on the composition of employment. We find that labor courts' delays reduce the employment rate and increase inactivity of specific categories of workers, i.e., women, young, and low-skilled individuals; they also reduce the likelihood of accessing a permanent occupation and increase the incidence of long-term unemployment for the same groups of workers.     

Unemployment-Risk Differentials Between Immigrant and Native Workers in Sweden

This article analyzes the subsequent unemployment risk of a sample of Swedish employees in 1991. We find that non-European immigrants face an unemployment risk twice as large as the corresponding risk for native workers despite controls for employee characteristics, the 1991 wage rate, and sorting across establishments with varying unemployment risks. Although all employees enjoy higher job security with higher seniority, large differences in unemployment risk by region of birth remain for workers with similar seniority levels. This suggests that labor unions and employers deviate from seniority rules established by the Swedish Security of Employment Act in favor of native workers.     

农民工医疗保障制度的路径选择探析

结合我国农民工特点和权利诉求、农民工医疗保障存在的难题,运用社会保障的基本理论,提出建立我国农民工医疗保障有效供给制度的路径选择,完善农民工特殊医疗保障项目和医疗救助体系;建立农民工医疗保障中间代理组织;加快农民工医疗保障与其他医疗保障制度的衔接,逐步向城乡居民统一提供公共卫生服务。     

中国就业岗位开发与创业扶持政策

本文根据对北京、上海和苏州三个试点城市及其他10余个城市实施积极就业政策的调查及国际比较，初步评估了中国实施积极就业政策尤其是针对国有企业下岗职工的创业扶持政策的成效和局限。文章认为，中国在特殊背景下实施积极就业政策是必要的，效果也是比较显著的，但随着劳动就业形势的变化，对积极就业政策的实施效果有必要进行认真的评估，并在此基础上进行适当的调整。