高技术集群企业两产品R&D合作竞争的多维博弈分析

在同时考虑知识溢出和吸收能力的条件下,以单维博弈的DJ模型为基础,建立了两个高技术集群企业两种产品情形下R&D合作与非合作的两阶段二维博弈模型,具体分析了每种情况下知识溢出、吸收能力对R&D投入、利润和产出水平的影响作用。研究结果表明,企业从研发投入水平和均衡产量上看,完全合作情形较半合作和完全竞争更可以使企业获得最大利润,这恰恰验证了集群企业必须进行协同创新才能达到利润最大化。进一步,通过数值仿真分析验证了结论的正确性。     

技术创新投入、内部管理和公共研发政策对企业吸收能力的影响研究——基于已有文献的探讨和引申

在经济全球化背景下,企业更多依赖外部转移、购买和应用知识,吸收能力成为企业创新能力的关键组成部分。文章基于已有文献,通过对技术创新投入、内部管理和公共研发政策对吸收能力的影响研究,旨在对企业创新有实际指导作用。     

基于知识转移理论模型的企业知识吸收能力构成维度研究

本文在分析目前理论界研究知识转移模式的三类模型(即知识转移的螺旋模式、交流模型和结构模型)的基础上,以交流模型为框架,借鉴其他两类模型的主要观点,对企业知识吸收能力的构成维度进行划分,并绘制出知识吸收能力维度矩阵,从而较为完整地反映了企业知识吸收的过程特性,为企业知识吸收能力的概念理解提供了理论依据,并在此基础上,对参与技术合作的中国企业提出了建议.     

国际软件外包中知识溢出与创新绩效关系研究——以吸收能力为中介变量

为了深入研究国际软件外包中的知识溢出与创新绩效之间的关系,文章引入吸收能力这一中介变量,通过在全国范围内对169家企业的调研,采用探索性分析法与多元线性回归方法对国际软件外包中知识溢出和创新绩效间的关系进行实证研究。结果表明知识溢出对企业的吸收能力具有正向影响,吸收能力对企业创新绩效具有正向影响;吸收能力在知识溢出与创新绩效之间的关系中扮演部分中介的角色。     

知识溢出、吸收能力与经济增长——基于调节效应的检验

本文基于罗默经济增长模型分析知识溢出、吸收能力与经济增长之间的逻辑关系，从理论上阐述知识溢出对经济增长的作用机理，并利用2006—2017年中国30个省份的面板数据，检验三者之间的数量关系。理论研究表明，知识溢出与吸收能力对经济增长有重要作用，且吸收能力在知识溢出与经济增长的关系中起到重要的调节作用。实证研究发现，知识溢出与吸收能力均表现为对经济增长的正向促进作用；知识溢出与吸收能力的交互项系数显著为正，表明吸收能力在知识溢出与经济增长的关系中发挥正向调节作用。因此，为实现经济持续平稳的发展，应不断鼓励技术创新，提高区域自主创新水平，促进区域间交流合作，充分发挥知识溢出和吸收能力对经济增长的积极作用。     

企业对偶吸收能力对产业网络合作模式影响研究

在知识经济时代,产业网络合作成为企业重要的战略选择。吸收能力是合作效率最关键的因素,也是研究产业网络合作发展趋势的重要切入点。目前对吸收能力的研究仅注重在单一企业的研究,忽视企业间关系而使其难以对合作效率进行深入认识。本文以企业间协作关系为基础,通过分析对偶吸收能力对合作对象、程度和方式的影响,将网络信任体系、企业合作意愿、企业间能力间匹配性三个维度引入企业间合作效率的研究,建立了基于对偶吸收能力的企业间合作模式。阐明对偶吸收能力对合作效率起着关键作用,揭示网络高效率合作内在机理。     

服务代理企业知识吸收能力的概念及构成

知识吸收能力对服务代理企业培养竞争优势实现可持续发展有着重要的意义。从组织层次的角度来看,服务代理企业的知识吸收能力由三部分构成:个体知识吸收能力、团队知识吸收能力、企业知识吸收能力。     

社会网络与企业研发溢出吸收能力 ——基于随机前沿模型的实证研究

本文以2008—2019年上市公司为样本,分析了企业社会网络对研发溢出吸收能力的影响.研究发现:社会网络对于企业研发溢出吸收能力具有显著的促进作用,并且这种促进作用在董事长和总经理的社会网络都有体现;高管持股数量和区域市场化水平是社会网络作用企业研发溢出吸收能力的内外部重要渠道,当高管持股数量越多,市场化水平越高,社会网络对企业研发溢出吸收能力的促进作用越强;当董事长和总经理是同一个人或者企业并非属于高科技行业时,社会网络对于研发溢出吸收能力的促进作用更强.     

制造企业知识密集服务网络嵌入与企业绩效的关系——企业吸收能力的调节作用

针对制造业企业究竟要如何成功实现服务化战略转型的问题,文章结合网络嵌入性理论,以珠三角经济圈各类制造企业为研究对象,分析了当制造企业嵌入知识密集服务网络时,企业吸收能力对制造企业服务化战略转型绩效的影响。结果发现:制造企业嵌入知识密集服务网络,企业吸收能力越强,制造业服务化战略转型绩效获取将越有保障。同时,研究还表明,尽管制造企业知识密集服务网络嵌入对企业绩效有显著的正向影响,但其关系性嵌入对企业绩效的影响并不总是遵循线性关系。为提升制造企业从外部服务网络所获取创新知识的吸收能力,文章提出了塑造以知识为中心的企业价值观、针对性地加强组织人力资源管理、重视服务系统的研发投入等建议。     

企业知识吸收能力的分析框架与发展方向探析

知识吸收能力是企业不断创新、保持竞争优势的关键因素。知识吸收能力是一个企业用于获取、吸纳、转化和开发利用外部知识的技能和知识的集合。企业知识吸收能力可以从企业成员个人以及企业整体吸收能力来分析，因此企业的吸收能力也取决于影响个人吸收能力和企业成员间知识相互交流、整合的因素和机制。关于企业吸收能力的研究朝动态的方向不断发展，同时企业吸收能力也与其他领域不断交叉，为企业战略、企业理论方面提供了新的分析视角。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.