民营企业的业绩与管理层薪酬——以2005年沪市民营上市公司为例

现代企业制度的核心内容和企业核心竞争力是建立在企业激励机制之上的。一个有效的激励机制能够使统一经营者和所有者的利益,使经营者能够努力实现公司所有者的利益最大,防止道德风险。而衡量二者是否建立联系,很大程度体现在经营者的薪酬是否与企业业绩挂钩上。本文以上市民营企业为研究对象,对企业薪酬激励和其公司绩效之间的关系进行了实证检验,认为民营上市公司高层管理人员薪酬激励约束机制尚需完善。     

职业经理人薪酬结构与企业绩效相关关系的研究综述

企业职业经理人薪酬结构与经营绩效之间的关系一直备受国内外理论界关注。文章在查阅大量中外文献基础上,发现国内外在职业经理人薪酬结构与企业经营绩效之间的关系上还没有得出一致的结论,有待于我们进一步研究。文章从年薪制、股票期权、在职消费三个方面,对其与经营绩效间的关系进行综述。     

基于信息经济学理论的国有企业激励机制和人力资源管理改革研究

文章以逆向选择模型和道德风险模型为理论基础,分析了国有企业在激励机制上存在的问题。研究发现,在信息不对称的情况下,国有企业绩效考核体系不完善,薪酬、晋升激励不公平会导致员工的"逆向选择";激励失控与激励不足共存,任免非市场化会导致经理人的"道德风险"。并分别提出了相应的改革对策,即通过健全绩效考核体系,建立公平的薪酬、晋升激励制度来规避员工的"逆向选择";通过建立相容的经理人激励机制,发展职业经理人市场来防范经理人"道德风险"。     

基于EVA的经理人虚拟股票期叔薪酬激励制度

经理人的薪酬激励机制是解决委托代理关系的关键所在,但我国传统的经理人薪酬激励制度诸如奖金激励制度、年薪制度和股票期权制度却都存在一定弊端。本文引入了EVA指标,提出了基于EVA的经理人虚拟股票期权薪酬激励制度,以期能够有效地解决激励问题。     

基于EVA的经理人虚拟股票期权薪酬激励制度

经理人的薪酬激励机制是解决委托代理关系的关键所在,但我国传统的经理人薪酬激励制度诸如奖金激励制度、年薪制度和股票期权制度却都存在一定弊端。本文引入了EVA指标,提出了基于EVA的经理人虚拟股票期权薪酬激励制度,以期能够有效地解决激励问题。     

市场化进程、企业绩效与高管过度隐性私有收益

制度环境是影响我国高管薪酬契约发挥激励作用的重要因素,本文以市场化进程为背景,检验企业绩效与高管过度隐性私有收益之间的关系,并探究市场化进程对上述关系的影响。研究发现：由于我国上市公司高管隐性薪酬契约普遍缺乏有效设计和监督,企业上期绩效与本期高管过度隐性私有收益负相关;随着市场化进程深入,民营企业绩效与高管过度隐性私有收益之间的负相关关系显著缓解,并且当民营企业高管权力较大时,市场化进程能够更加有效地抑制企业绩效与高管过度隐性私有收益之间的负相关关系,但是上述关系在国有企业中并未得到有效改善。进一步检验发现,市场化改革促使企业绩效和高管现金薪酬之间的相关性不断提高。本文的研究结果有助于揭示市场力量在提高高管薪酬契约激励有效性时发挥的作用及遇到的困难,为抑制国企高管过度隐性私有收益提供合理建议。     

吴敬琏：实行股票期权激励的两大前提

前提之一：克服“内部人控制下的一股独大”股票期权是公司所有者用以激励经理人员努力工作、提升股东价值的重要手段。因此，它必须掌握在所有者及其信任托管者董事会手中。这就是为什么美国１０个大公司在介绍自己的激励制度时都强调了“不能够自己给自己定薪酬”的道理所在。正如我国企业界领导人所指出，在真正的所有者不在位，而是“内部人控制”的情况下，如果不让自己给自己定薪酬，就没有办法实行包括股票期权在内的任何与企业绩效挂钩的薪酬制度，而只能由某个上级行政主管机关规定固定的薪酬表，然后由企业对号入座，照此办理。如…     

风险感知、认知偏差与激励合约的分选决策

基于行为经济学视角,通过现场实验观察了具有异质性偏好的代理人对不同激励合约的选择决策,旨在探讨风险感知、认知偏差与激励合约选择决策的关系.研究发现,在具有相同激励强度的两种可变激励合约下,个体生产力水平并没有显著差异,影响激励合约选择决策的重要因素是对风险的感知,激励合约用于调节不同主体间的主观感知风险配置.结果显示,感知自己是高生产力的代理人倾向于避免与搭便车者合作而带来的损失,而感知自己是低能力的代理人则倾向于选择与高能力者合作的激励合约而增加个体收益;而无论是高能力者还是低能力者,当面对环境的不确定性对收益的巨大扰动时,都不约而同的选择了团队激励合约,这种对合作的偏好会随着扰动的增大而增强.同时,实验进一步证明了,人们对搭便车风险的主观感知与真实的搭便车风险之间存在一定的认知偏差,且该对个人生产力抱持乐观态度的代理人更倾向于选择个体计件激励合约.当企业因面对绩效工具的准确性不高,或绩效结果不确定性较大而不得不采用团队计件时,可以通过调节认知偏差的方式来改变代理人的主观预期,从而强化激励合约的自选择.     

薪酬管理公平性对员工薪酬满意感的影响

本文探讨了薪酬管理公平性与员工薪酬满意感之间的关系。数据分析结果表明,企业薪酬管理公平性(结果、程序、交往和信息公平性)与企业守法程度是影响员工各类薪酬满意感(薪酬水平、福利、奖金、加薪、薪酬制度与管理满意感)的重要因素;企业薪酬管理公平性会对员工的归属感、工作积极性和工作绩效产生显著的直接或间接影响。     

相对绩效评估下的区域间“恶性竞争”

为探讨区域间"恶性竞争"的形成机理,本文将相对绩效评估引入两企业同质产品古诺博弈,其中每个企业的"实际收益"是其利润与相对绩效奖罚之和。我们先考察了对称情形,发现引入相对绩效评估降低了每个企业的"感知成本",因而会激化竞争;一旦相对绩效评估强度超过某个临界值,"恶性竞争"就出现了,即市场价格就会低于边际成本。即便考虑两个企业的进入决策,"恶性竞争"仍有可能出现,因为它可以成为混合战略纳什均衡结果。我们也考虑了非对称情形。分析表明,强化相对绩效评估对高成本企业总是不利的,但对低成本企业的影响则是不确定的。     

“温 良 恭 俭 让”

选自于:<论语·学而> 解读:人要学会温和、善良、恭谨、简朴、谦让.即:做人一定要有美好的德行.其实这正也是自古以来的做人之本.     

经纪人、交易员、律师和间谍

金融危机过后，“华尔街阴谋论”逐渐盛行起来，可惜都是臆测居多，缺乏真凭实据。而本书的作者以真实的访谈入手，揭出CIA等情报机构与华尔街银行合作的种种细节，可谓匠心独具。     

House prices, money, credit, and the macroeconomy

This paper assesses the links between money, credit, house prices,and economic activity in industrialized countries over the lastthree decades. The analysis is based on a fixed-effects panelvector autoregression, estimated using quarterly data for 17industrialized countries spanning the period 1970–2006.The main results of the analysis are the following. (i) Thereis evidence of a significant multidirectional link between houseprices, monetary variables, and the macroeconomy. (ii) The linkbetween house prices and monetary variables is found to be strongerover a more recent sub-sample from 1985 to 2006. (iii) The effectsof shocks to money and credit are found to be stronger whenhouse prices are booming.     

Assessing black progress: employment,occupation, earnings,income, poverty

Farley discusses changes in employment, occupation, earnings, income, and poverty among US blacks. Among black men, there has been a persistent rise in unemployment since 1960. By the early 1980s, 1 black man out of 8 had dropped out of the labor force, compared to 1 in 20 white men. Some contend that many black men lack the skills to be employed or have personal habits and criminal records which make them unacceptable to employers. Others believe that the expansion of federal welfare programs offers attractive alternatives to men who have limited earnings potential. Still others stress that blacks are concentrated within cities, while the growth of employment is occurring in suburbs. Among those blacks over age 54, labor force participation has declined because of improved Social Security benefits, better private pensions, and the greater availability of Supplemental Security Income. The employment of young blacks compared to whites has deteriorated since 1960. For both races, there has been a steady rise in the employment of women. The recent increases, however, have been great for whites. By the early 1980s, white women caught up with black women in terms of employment. Unlike the indicators of employment itself, there is unambiguous evidence that the occupational distribution of employed blacks has been upgraded and is gradually becoming similar to that of whites. Findings from many studies show that blacks once earned much less than similar whites, but this racial difference has declined among men and has nearly disappeared among women. The proportion of blacks impoverished fell sharply in the 1960s, reaching a minimum of 30% in the early 1970s. Since the early 1970s, blacks have made few gains. The proportion impoverished actually increased and the ratio of black-to-white family income declined. The fact that the earnings of black males are no longer rising faster than those of whites and that there is no longer a migration from southern farms to cities plays a role, but changes in family structure are also important. At all dates, poverty rates have been high and income levels low in families headed by women. In 1984, for example, 52% of the black families with a woman as head of household were below the poverty line, compared to 15% of the black married-couple families. While similar trends are occurring in white families, there has been a sharper increase in the proportion of blacks living in these female-maintained families which have high poverty rates.