一个政策不能同时达到两个目标——巴西退出钉住汇率制度的经验教训

20世纪80年代后半期和90年代初，巴西出现了恶性通货膨胀。为了抑制通胀，1994年，巴西政府实行“雷亚尔计划”，其中一项重要内容就是以美元作为“名义锚”，实行爬行钉住美元的汇率制度。巴西政府希望在钉住美元的基础上，利用紧缩性货币政策实现物价稳定和国际收支平衡双重目标。     

我国汇率制度改革的障碍分析及路径选择

近十年前,人民币汇率一直处于被升值状态,借助实行有管理的浮动,以此来钉住美元制改为参考一篮子货币,人民币汇率的灵活性得到了有效加强。中国没有具备选择钉住美元的固定汇率制度的条件,继续实行此制度将付出巨大代价,现今金融开放的中国应选择真正的管理浮动汇率制度。中国必须依据一定的路径,推行渐进的人民币汇率制度改革。     

人民币成为东亚区域关键货币的实证研究——基于货币竞争视角的考察

由美国金融危机引发的国际货币动荡正在使东亚各国脱离美元本位,寻找新的钉住货币。表现坚挺的人民币很有可能成为东亚区域关键货币,成为东亚各国和地区钉住的锚货币。本文在货币锚效应回归模型的基础上加入解释变量个数筛选的步骤,挑选出最优模型来分析东亚各经济体货币的汇率货币篮子中美元、日元以及人民币的权重,从而揭示人民币成为区域关键货币的可能性,进而了解人民币主导经济区形成的条件和趋势。     

主权财富基金：东亚外汇储备管理的必要途径

东亚外汇储备规模迅速膨胀,远超维持国内金融稳定的储备水平,传统外汇储备管理方式使东亚各国承担高额成本。金融危机爆发后,美元贬值更进一步损害东亚地区的利益。主权财富基金作为近年来迅速发展的外汇储备管理手段,在金融危机中有效稳定整体经济。对东亚各国而言,更是管理外汇储备的有效手段,不仅能提高储备收益,也可能改变现有国际金融格局,削弱美元地位。     

钉住制度、国际收支失衡与比索危机

1994年12月,墨西哥金融危机爆发,并很快波及其他拉美国家,形成了一场震惊世界的拉美经济危机。比索钉住美元的汇率制度是此次危机的根源,国际收支失衡是此次危机的导火索。本文在宏观经济学的框架内,尝试分析钉住制度、国际收支失衡与比索危机之间的内在联系,并从钉住制度的退出时机和顺序的选择、货币政策与汇率政策的实施、钉住制度造成本币高估及其负面影响、经常项目逆差的潜在风险、过分依赖外国资本的弊端以及社会稳定的重要性等方面总结了墨西哥金融危机的启示。     

通货膨胀阴影蔓延全球 金融动荡预警新兴经济

今年以来,全球经济增长略好于预期,但仍有“滞胀”阴影。以油价粮价上涨为标志,显示通货膨胀正在全球卷土重来。而发达经济体的金融调整仍有待时日,新兴经济体则出现新的金融动荡。这种国际经济形势的变化,要求发达国家应当对国际经济局势和国际货币体系的稳定承担应尽的国际义务,尤其是美国不能放任弱势美元。     

东亚统一货币探析

自1997年亚洲金融危机爆发以来，经济联系十分密切的东亚地区深刻认识到，弱小经济体的货币难以独自抵挡国际游资的冲击，要想与国际游资的冲击相抗衡，使本地区货币不再作为某大国货币的附属品，消除建立在美元挂钩上的汇率风险，降低经济交往的不确定性，从过于依赖美元的汇率中解脱出来，东亚地区就必须加强地区内的金融协调与合作，创立一个稳定的东亚统一货币，从而稳定东亚金融市场，促进东亚经济健康发展。     

论香港的汇率制度

论香港的汇率制度上官雨时１９９７年３月以来，金融投机风潮席卷东南亚，使这些国家和地区的货币汇率大幅动荡。泰国、菲律宾被迫放弃与美元挂钩的汇率政策，实行有管理的浮动，各国货币纷纷贬值，并进而波及到新加坡元和港币。７月份，港币汇率开始受到冲击，香港的金融...     

金融危机来了……看12星座省钱之道

为了缓解金融动荡对经济的冲击,全球央行集体降息在情理之中。降息,能降低存款的吸引力,增强货币流通,稳定经济危机中摇摇欲坠的股市,但对每个人的影响却不尽相同,应对金融危机的省钱之道,可谓特殊时期必要的“抠门”。     

人民币汇率稳定:中国经济增长的基石

目前,各国要求人民币升值的呼吁越来越多,人们普遍认为人民币事实上的钉住美元的汇率制度加剧了全球经济的衰退,事实果真如此吗?本文认为目前人民币不宜升值,汇率制度应该有所调整,应坚持实行有管理的浮动汇率制度,以保证人民币汇率的稳定。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.