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国外天然气产业规制改革研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
天然气是一种重要能源,天然气产业具有网络型产业特征。20世纪80年代中期,美国和欧盟国家开始天然气产业规制改革,引入竞争机制,纵向拆分垄断企业,将管输与销售业务进行分离,第三方基于无歧视原则接入管输和储存系统,赋予终端用户更多供气选择权。规制集中于第三方接入、服务无歧视提供、定价模式和管输费率方面,总体表现为放松趋势。 相似文献
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随着我国的天然气行业的快速发展,天然气定价机制也在不断完善,本文梳理了我国现行天然气的定价机制以及存在的问题,提出了我国天然气定价机制的改革提出了意见和建议。 相似文献
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天然气管输企业担负着长距离安全平稳输气的任务。在实际生产过程中,由于管输设施、环境、人员等多种因素,给外输管线的管理工作带来非常大的困难,使天然气在输送过程中造成损失。结合生产实际,对天然气管输过程中最广泛使用的清管通球的方法及在通球过程中造成的天然气损失的原因进行了分析,并根据分析结果探讨了加强规范清管通球操作有效减少天然气损失的方法及建议。 相似文献
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文章主要从一级市场发行定价角度,研究了科创板实行注册制改革对IPO定价效率的影响效应,并通过借鉴已有文献选取了具有创新性的随机前沿分析模型作为IPO定价效率的测度方法。为了检验我国科创板试点注册制改革是否达到了改善发行市场定价效率的目的,文章选取了未实施注册制改革的创业板、中小板数据与科创板进行比较研究。实证结果表明:科创板、创业板、中小板的IPO定价效率分别为99.76%、89.49%、87.8%;实行注册制的科创板IPO定价效率明显高于实行核准制的其他板块;科创板试点注册制改善了新股发行定价效率,推行注册制有助于提高新股发行定价效率。 相似文献
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在中国证券市场上,股票有流通股和非流通股之分,对不同的股票实行的是不同的定价方法。这种定价方法有悖于股市正道,不利于股市的健康稳定发展。本文在论述中国股票差别化定价的基础上,分析了这种定价方法产生的后果,并提出了解决的思路。 相似文献
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证券市场上IPO抑价过高,股票价格与价值相背离,造成新股在市场上长期表现不佳、效率低下。我国IPO抑价程度相比较其它国家更为严重,这一问题受到了众多学者的关注。因此,只有具体分析出我国存在IPO高抑价的原因,才能制定出相应的对策,完善我国新股发行定价的政策。 相似文献
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Derek Johnston 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2006,23(2):395-425
This paper examines whether firms that voluntarily recognize stock option expense in their financial statements manage that expense downward more than firms that do not recognize the expense by adjusting option‐pricing model assumptions. To examine this issue, I collect option‐pricing model assumptions from fiscal year 2002 for both a sample of firms that voluntarily recognize stock option expense (“recognizing firms”) and a sample of control firms that do not (“disclosing firms”). The empirical results suggest that recognizing firms manage the recognized stock‐based compensation expense reported in their financial statements downward more than do firms that only disclose the expense. Additional analyses reveal that recognizing firms assume a lower level of volatility than disclosing firms in the option‐pricing model calculations; however, I find no evidence that recognizing firms manage the dividend yield and risk‐free interest rate assumptions more than disclosing firms. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) recently issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), which requires the expensing of the fair value of stock options, so these results may be of interest to capital‐market participants and the FASB as they assess the reliability of stock option expense as determined by option‐pricing models. 相似文献
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Retail Payments in the Netherlands: Facts and Theory 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Wilko Bolt 《De Economist》2006,154(3):345-372
Summary Over the last decade, the Netherlands observed a rapid shift from cash and paper-based payment instruments toward electronic payment instruments. Banks are well aware that transaction pricing can speed up the shift to low-cost electronic payments. But payment pricing is a complex matter, due to strong network externalities. Recent theory on two-sided markets has led to a better understanding of the payment industry, in terms of optimal payment pricing and payment network competition. Under two-sidedness, it is shown that payment pricing is not just a question of choosing the right price level but rather of choosing the right price structure.The author would like to thank Lex Hoogduin, Rein Kieviet, Carlo Winder and two anonymous referees for critical comments and valuable remarks. Obviously, the usual disclaimer applies. Views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect official positions of De Nederlandsche Bank or the European System of Central Banks. 相似文献
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Cobus Burger 《Development Southern Africa》2014,31(4):553-562
The primary goals of water pricing are to ensure that water is used sparingly and that sufficient revenues are earned. Pricing can, however, also be used to address equity concerns. One such policy often applied in developing countries is to charge a higher marginal price as consumption increases, to encourage a more efficient use of water, and to finance water subsidies by cross-subsidising water use. However, in reality water subsidies do not necessarily reach their intended beneficiaries. This paper explores the efficacy of such a pricing structure in subsidising water consumption for poor households in South Africa. The main finding is that this pricing structure does not ensure that water subsidies reach the intended targets; that is, the poorest. A further important result from these findings is that the magnitude of redistribution via the water tariff system is relatively small compared with other components of social spending. 相似文献
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工程量清单计价方法相对于传统的定额计价方法是一种新的计价模式,是一种市场的定价模式,是由建设产品的买方和卖方在建设市场上根据供求情况、信息情况进行自由竞价,从而能够确定合同价格的方法。推行工程量清单计价方法是工程造价计价方法改革的一项具体措施,也是我国加入WTO与国际工程管理接轨的必然要求。 相似文献
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成品油倒逼定价机制的构建研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
国家发改委发布的新成品油定价机制,是以成本为基础,加上厂商合理利润和国家税费加成定价。本文在分析这种定价机制的现状及缺陷的基础上,构建了一种成品油倒逼定价机制。作者认为新构建的定价机制不仅能吸取美国公用事业行业定价的前车之鉴,而且也可以避免国家发改委定价机制存在的总成本的确定缺少科学性、不利于企业降低产品成本及造成政府(管制者)的监控困难等诸多弊端。 相似文献
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天然气具有流动性好、密度低和可压缩性强的优点,使其更适合于管道运输。基于计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法,对长距离高压埋地天然气管道途经隧道中发生的特殊泄漏扩散工况进行研究。结果表明:埋地管道泄漏受土壤多孔介质阻力影响,由泄漏口向外压力和速度分布呈骤减趋势;埋地高压天然气管道泄漏后气体向隧道中的扩散速度较快,600 s后天然气分布基本达到平衡状态,且浓度已达到甲烷5%的爆炸下限;泄漏后,隧道内空气区域的天然气浓度变化可以分为零增长阶段、陡然增长阶段、缓慢增长阶段和稳定阶段4个时间段,天然气泄漏后在隧道内的扩散首先位于隧道顶部,为尽早发现泄漏事故可燃气体报警装置应安装在隧道顶端。 相似文献