混合所有制改革何以影响国有企业投资效率？——基于公司治理视角的研究

以2011—2021年A股上市国有企业为研究对象,实证检验混合所有制改革影响国有企业投资效率的过程和机理。实证结果表明,混合所有制改革能够有效提高国有企业的投资效率,并且公司治理水平在二者之间发挥了部分中介传导作用。进一步分析发现,较高的经济政策不确定性会削弱混合所有制改革对国有企业投资效率产生的积极作用。异质性分析发现,混合所有制改革对国有企业投资效率的提升作用在尚未建立董监高责任保险制度以及地方国有企业中更加显著。研究结论对促进国有企业混合所有制改革和长远发展具有重要的现实意义。     

共同机构所有权是否会提升企业社会责任表现？

基于我国2010—2020年的上市公司样本数据,从企业社会责任视角,实证检验共同机构所有权是否会提升我国上市公司的社会责任表现,以及背后的作用机理。研究结果表明,共同机构所有权会显著提高企业社会责任表现。在一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。机制分析表明,共同机构所有权通过机构协同和监督治理效应改善企业社会责任表现。进一步讨论发现,在长期持股、非成熟期企业、资本市场处于“熊市”阶段、非国有企业中,共同机构所有权对企业社会责任表现提升作用更明显。     

Government Engagement,Environmental Policy,and Environmental Performance: Evidence from the Most Polluting Chinese Listed Firms

This study empirically examines the implementation of environmental policies and how government engagement impacts on a firm's environmental performance based on a sample of Chinese listed firms in the eight most polluting industries over a 10‐year period. The findings of the study demonstrate that government engagement, measured as ownership structure, is positively correlated with environmental performance, measured by environmental capital expenditure, for state‐owned firms, but no significant relation is found for non‐state‐owned firms. In addition, non‐state‐owned firms are more likely to perform better in terms of environmental investment after the 2006 enactment of a new policy explicitly linking environmental issues with political incentives to regional governments. This study also reports that corporate environmental performance impairs firm value for state‐owned firms but has no impact on firm value for non‐state‐owned firms, suggesting that investors negatively respond to environmental investments made by state‐owned firms as a result of government engagement/political pressure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Communication of Private Information and the Valuation of Initial Public Offerings in Singapore

This study examines a sample of 108 initial public offerings in Singapore between 1987 and 1993, and documents the effects of four channels of entrepreneurial communication, that is, retained ownership, audited report, auditor choice and underwriter choice on the valuation of new issues. Our results indicate that retained ownership and book value of equity are significantly and positively associated with the valuation of initial public offerings in Singapore. Underwriter choice and auditor choice are not significant in explaining the valuation of initial public offerings. Issues listed on the Main Board are valued higher than those on Sesdaq (Stock Exchange of Singapore Dealing and Automated Quotation). Firms choosing the auction system are valued higher than those choosing the fixed system.
This paper provides evidence on the valuation of new issues in an emerging market in the Asia-Pacific region. The results are of interest to investors, investment bankers and companies seeking a listing on the Singapore Stock Exchange. We provide some insights on how new issues in the Singapore market are valued.     

The Visible Hand of corporate entrepreneurship in state-owned enterprises: a longitudinal study of the Spanish National Postal Operator

This study explores how the corporate entrepreneurship (CE) of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) evolves under varying conditions of state ownership and control, laws and norms, and competence in the market. For this purpose, we present a longitudinal case study focused on the Spanish postal operator Correos using qualitative archival data and interviews. Our results indicate that the willingness and capacity of an SOE to act entrepreneurially depends critically on its degree of autonomy from the state and on the extent to which its legal and market environments increase its dynamism, complexity, and hostility. We also show that the development of CE in an SOE may lead to improved service quality, operational efficiency, and business specialization; facilitate its market positioning; and foster its sustainability through the exploration and exploitation of strategic alliances that can increase its business scope.

     

非国有股东治理与企业风险承担水平——来自国有企业混合所有制改革的经验证据

以A股国有上市企业为样本,考察非国有股东治理对企业风险承担水平的影响。研究发现,非国有股东治理能够显著提升国有企业的风险承担水平,这种影响在2013年底国有企业混合所有制改革强化之后更加明显,在地方国有企业和竞争性国有企业中更加突出。进一步研究发现,非国有股东治理对企业风险承担水平的影响机制在于提高高管薪酬和降低代理成本,提高股权混合制衡度和超额委派董事均能提高企业风险承担水平。研究结论从企业风险承担的视角证实了混合所有制改革的效果,为进一步推进混合所有制改革提供了经验证据和借鉴。     

An Analysis of Corporate Donations: United Kingdom Evidence

Drawing a framework from stakeholder theory, this study uses 1994 data drawn from 100 United Kingdom listed companies to test empirically whether the level of discretionary donations made by companies to charitable, social and political causes is related to four company-specific factors, namely leverage, company size, profitability and ownership structure. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results indicate that the decision to contribute funds to charities and other bodies is positively related to company size and profitability and negatively related to leverage. However, the study provides no support for the view that there is a link between discretionary donations and a company's ownership structure.     

国企分红的投资效应研究——基于投资效率与投资风险的双重视角

如何在企业层面处理好“国企分红”与“促投资”的关系,寻求既能促进投资效率又能规避投资风险的国企分红比例,是当前国有资本经营预算制度改革中的焦点。以2008—2019年沪深A股国有上市公司为样本,采用面板固定效应和Probit模型对国企分红的投资效应问题进行实证分析。研究发现：国企分红比例与非效率投资和投资风险之间呈U型关系,当国企分红比例小于38.89%时,能够有效改善投资效率,同时降低投资风险;当国企分红比例超过38.89%时,随着分红比例的继续提高,投资效率随之下降,同时投资风险显著上升。基于企业异质性的研究表明,国企分红的投资效应因国企规模、行政级别、所属行业的技术特质和竞争程度的不同而存在差异。因此,政府需要充分考虑不同国企的具体情况,有针对性地分类制定国企分红比例,以提高政策的精准性。     

公司治理与现金股利分配倾向——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文以2002～2008年沪深A股765家上市公司为样本,实证检验公司治理结构对现金股利分配倾向的影响.结果发现:股权集中、国有控股、董事会规模大、高管薪酬高和选择四大会计师事务所的上市公司倾向分配现金股利,流通股比例高和独立董事规模大的公司不倾向分配现金股利,董事会领导权结构的影响不显著.同时,公司治理好的公司发放现金股利的倾向大,而公司治理差的公司的倾向小.进一步发现,中国上市公司具备发放现金股利的能力,却"不想"派现.     

国企混改、竞争战略与费用粘性

基于2008—2017年中国A股国有上市公司的研究样本,考察了国企混改、竞争战略与费用粘性之间的关系。研究发现,选择不同战略形式的国有企业会表现出截然不同的成本行为,相对成本领先战略而言,采用差异化战略的国有企业费用粘性更强;同时还发现,国有企业混合所有制改革能有效抑制费用粘性,且其抑制作用在差异化战略企业中更加明显。中介机制分析表明,相对成本领先战略而言,选择差异化战略的国有企业通过加剧经理人代理问题而增强费用粘性;而国企混改通过抑制经理人代理问题而降低费用粘性。     

国有企业民营化的环境影响研究

十九大提出要深化国有企业改革,加快发展混合所有制经济。基于2007—2015年我国A股上市公司数据,从企业环境表现的视角研究国有企业进行民营化改革的非经济性后果。研究发现,国有企业民营化后,企业的环境表现会有所下降,但这种现象只在政府环保补贴少的企业和环境监管力度弱的地区中存在。上述研究从环境表现的视角提供了国有企业民营化改革后果的经验证据,对丰富国有企业民营化改革的认识、更好地完善民营化企业的环境治理具有借鉴意义。     

The effect of corporate governance on credit ratings: Evidence from China's bond market

This paper examines the association between firms’ corporate governance and credit ratings (both bond ratings and issuer ratings) in China. In addition to considering the financial attributes of bond issuers, we ask to what extent do credit rating agencies consider the corporate governance attributes of issuers? In concept, bondholders are concerned with the financial effects of how corporate governance resolves the agency conflicts between bondholders and managers, majority and minority shareholders, and shareholders and bondholders. We find that corporate governance affects bond issuer credit ratings in China. After controlling for firms’ financial attributes, we find that issuer ratings are positively related to dual‐listing, whether the firm is a state‐owned enterprise, the ownership of the second to the tenth largest shareholder; and negatively related to the relative scale of audit fees. We attribute the positive association between dual‐listing and credit rating to higher quality and transparency of information reported by the dual‐listed firm. The value to bondholders of the implicit government guarantee of debt payments more than offsets the negative association between firm value and being an SOE. Bond rating agencies expect that the change in agency costs with a reduction in the ownership of the largest shareholder benefits bondholders. To credit rating agencies, the scale of audit fees (relative to total assets of the accounting firm) signals interest binding between the client firm and the accounting firm that threatens the independence of auditing and the quality of financial reporting. We also find that bond‐specific attributes: collateral and issue size, are positively related to bond credit ratings.     

上市公司股权结构与现金股利的关系研究——基于股权分置改革前后的对比

文中拟解决的关键问题是分析中国上市公司在股权分置改革前后治理结构的变化及其与股利政策关系的变迁,考察股权分置改革的实施是否显著地削弱了大股东进行资金掏空的“隧道机制”,流通股比例的上升是否抑制了大股东的分红动机,前几大股东合谋进行利益输送的行为是否受到了制约,上市公司的股利分配行为是否更加合理。根据本研究课题的立意所在,文中采用了描述性统计与计量分析相结合的研究方法。经过实证的检验后发现,股权分置改革使得上市公司的分红派现行为更为理性,上述预期均得到一一印证。     

控制权转移、民营化与财务报告质量:相关研究评述与启示

随着我国资本市场的发展和国有资本的战略性退出,控制权转移的上市公司在数量和比例上进一步增加,尤其是大量国有企业转变为民营企业。如何评价控制权转移后财务报告质量变化,以及如何提高中国企业民营化趋势中财务报告质量,具有重要的现实意义。本文对国内外关于所有权转移的研究成果尤其是国有企业民营化研究进行了简要的回顾与评述,并提出了在此领域后续研究应当关注的问题,以期对我国研究民营化对财务报告质量研究提供参考。     

Mixed ownership reform,political connections,and overinvestment

The study discovers that mixed ownership reform aimed at enhancing the performance and resource allocation efficiency of state-owned enterprises may have unintended consequences in China. When the nature of state-owned control remains unchanged, there is a risk of increased overinvestment due to misaligned interests between state-owned equity representatives and companies. This incentive can be mitigated by introducing nonstate shareholders with political connections. The study employs a double machine learning method to analyze data from state-owned listed companies that introduced nonstate shareholders through stock issuance between 2008 and 2019. The research underscores that modern corporate governance mechanisms are crucial for successful mixed ownership reform.     

上市公司家族控制与公司绩效关系的实证分析

以2004年沪深两市324家家族控股上市公司为研究样本，建立了家族控制对公司绩效影响的模型。实证分析结果表明，家族持股比例与公司绩效呈显著的正相关关系；家族成员担任董事长或总经理对公司绩效具有促进作用；家族董事对公司绩效的影响效果不明显。     

上市公司超募资金使用与投资者保护——基于科伦药业的案例研究

随着上市公司超募资金现象受到广泛关注，上市公司如何管理和使用所超募的资金、加强保护广大投资者利益逐渐成为市场参与者关注的焦点。本文通过对科伦药业超募资金的管理与使用状况进行考察，发现该公司首先建设了超募资金相关制度，为公司合理使用超募资金奠定了制度基础；在不到一年的时间内，该公司超募资金的使用率达到95％，其中绝大部分...     

我国创业板上市公司高管薪酬结构对公司绩效的影响研究

如何设计一套具有激励性的薪酬方案对于现代公司发展至关重要,以我国2010年创业板上市公司为样本,对以净利润衡量的公司绩效与高管薪酬结构间的关系的研究发现:公司绩效与高管层平均薪酬显著正相关,与CEO薪酬无显著相关性;与CEO持股比例负相关性较显著,但与高管层平均持股比例无显著相关性;与CEO和高管层的薪酬差距、持股比例差距均显著负相关;与公司规模、公司董事、监事和高级管理人员总数显著正相关。     

Institutions and preferences in settings of causal complexity: foreign institutional investors and corporate restructuring practices in France

In this article, we illustrate how the interaction between institutional arrangements and the presence of different categories of firm stakeholders with specific preferences provides important insights to understand the conditions under which corporate restructuring practices are introduced. Institutions shape the range of actors' strategic options and mediate the translation of the preferences of firm stakeholders into corporate policies. Nonetheless, strategic choice remains possible since firm stakeholders constitute subgroups with different interests and incentives that influence how they operate in an institutional framework. In particular, we examine under what conditions UK/US-based institutional investors and equity-based compensation incentives are associated with the implementation of asset divestitures and employee layoffs in France. We uncover three key findings. First, the presence of hedge funds and equity-based pay influence the likelihood of French companies undertaking asset divestitures. Second, the impact of hedge funds on employee layoffs is contingent on the ownership structure of firms. Third, layoffs in France are driven by inferior performance – a result that contrasts with the American experience whereby employee layoffs are also used as a strategic mechanism to deal with institutional investors in good times. Our findings demonstrate the importance of the institutional constraints of (national level) employment protection and the moderating effects of ownership structure (firm level) on the strategic and employment policies of French companies.     

Corporate governance and firm efficiency: evidence from China's publicly listed firms

This paper applies a two‐stage, double bootstrapping data envelope analysis approach to investigate whether and to what extent various distinctive corporate governance practices affect productive efficiency in a sample of 461 publicly listed manufacturing firms in China between 1999 and 2002. We find that firm efficiency is negatively related to state ownership while positively related to public and employee share ownership. In addition, the relationship between ownership concentration and firm efficiency is U‐shaped, indicating the presence of tunneling activities by the largest shareholder. Among three types of controlling shareholder, state exerts the most negative impact on firm efficiency, followed by state‐owned legal entities. These results provide strong evidence that political interferences have reduced firm efficiency. It shows that the proportion of outside directors and the number of board meetings are positively associated with firm efficiency, suggesting that board of directors can be an effective internal governance mechanism. Furthermore, provincial market development, a proxy for the strength of external governance mechanism, is positively related to firm efficiency. Overall, our findings illustrate that restructuring state‐owned enterprises via improvements in corporate governance has enhanced firm efficiency, but partial privatization without transfer of ownership and control from the state to the public remains a major source of inefficiency in corporate China. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.