西方经济学界货币政策规则理论述评

货币政策操作的"规则与相机抉择"之争由来已久,但近期西方经济学界对货币政策规则的研究表明,几乎所有的货币当局都倾向于折衷地进行政策操作,而且,作为货币当局制定政策的基准,规则本身也是相对灵活的,也会根据经济环境的变化而作出适当的、系统性的反应.     

泰勒规则:一个新的解释

泰勒规则在20世纪90年代以来为美联储等央行所采用,也为众多央行所关注,但该规则在操作中存在诸多不确定性。由于货币政策最终目标物价稳定的强制性,政策目标利率具有一定的相机抉择性,泰勒规则其实是规则和相机抉择的结合。考虑到利率平滑的机会成本较小,泰勒规则发挥作用的关键在于货币当局与公众建立良好的交流机制。货币当局应配合利率调整实行联合或单独交流战略,管理预期,影响市场行为。     

管理预期:货币政策新工具“SAY”探析

泰勒规则自20世纪90年代以来为美联储等央行所采用,也为众多央行所关注。由于货币政策最终目标,即物价稳定的强制性,政策目标利率的相机抉择性,泰勒规则执行中的规则性,泰勒规则其实是规则和相机抉择的结合。泰勒规则发挥作用的关键在于货币当局与公众建立良好的交流机制。货币当局配合利率调整实行联合或单独交流战略,管理预期,影响市场行为。因此,说(SAY)已经成为现代各国央行重要的货币政策工具,是货币政策传统工具做的重要补充,其核心是管理引导预期。但说发挥作用需要央行对经济形势有正确判断,需要建立央行的信任度、自信和权威。由于政策传导中介质和受体的不同质,因此目前说更多的是一门艺术。     

货币理论与货币政策的演变及其最新进展

本文通过对货币理论和货币政策相关理论与观点的梳理,明晰了各学派之间的联系与不同,并同时认为,随着将理性预期引入货币理论的分析,货币政策规则成为明显优于相机抉择的货币政策框架。由于通货膨胀目标制既能使货币当局建立货币政策可信性,又能使货币当局保持相当的灵活性,因此,20世纪90年代之后,越来越多的国家通过建立通货膨胀目标制来提高其货币政策的绩效。     

中国货币政策是规则还是相机抉择

货币政策操作规范问题一直是经济学家们争论的热点问题,本文对货币操作规则的"规则与相机抉择"之争进行了简单回顾,并对此进行评述。结合我国的货币政策实际,得出我国货币政策应坚持短期相机抉择,长期"不单一规则"。     

论货币政策的可信度问题

在现代经济中,经济主体与政策制定者之间存在相互依存的关系,公众可以利用可获得的信息形成具有动态反馈的预期,从而使得影响货币政策效果的关键在于货币当局是否执行它所承诺的货币政策。因此明确货币政策可信度的涵义、效应及如何被决定对提高我国货币政策可信度,改善货币政策的效应将具有重要意义。一、货币政策可信度问题的提出货币政策的“规则和相机抉择”之争迄今已有上百年的历史.所谓“相机抉择(discretion)”,是指中央银行在货币政策操作过程中不受任何固定程序或原则的约束,而是依据经济运行态势灵活地进行“逆经济风向”调节,以…     

金融创新对传统货币政策的冲击及启示

金融创新可分为宏观和微观两个部分.微观的金融创新可视为对不同特性加以解捆和重新组合起来创造的新金融工具;宏观金融创新又可分为市场创新和制度创新.金融创新对货币供求的影响有:狭义货币需求减弱和货币需求函数稳定性降低;货币供给主体扩展与货币乘数放大.金融创新对传统货币的冲击是:一是从政策工具、中介目标、传导机制方面对凯恩斯相机抉择的货币政策的冲击;二是对弗里德曼的单一规则的货币政策的冲击.金融创新对我国货币政策创新的启示是:实行规则性和相机抉择相结合的混合政策操作;扩展中央银行的调控范围;灵活调整货币的中介目标;调整货币政策工具的选择.     

外部需求冲击、美联储政策取向与中国通货膨胀动态北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文利用新开放宏观经济模型研究经济全球化过程中,外部需求冲击与美联储政策取向对中国通货膨胀动态的影响及最优政策应对机制。研究发现:(1)美联储政策取向对中国通货膨胀具有重要影响,也相应影响中国货币当局最优政策选择。(2)若美联储为相机抉择的政策制定者,则"浮动汇率+利率规则"是中国最优的政策选择;若美联储为强硬反通胀的政策制定者,则固定汇率制度是中国最优的政策选择。(3)货币政策是否具有可信性是决定中国最优政策选择的核心,增强政策可信性并建立强硬反通胀的政策声誉能够稳定中国的通货膨胀。(4)汇率制度选择并不必然遵循由固定到中间再到浮动的唯一路线,中国货币当局应根据外部冲击、美联储的政策取向做出具体选择。本研究不仅能够为中国经济全球化过程中最优货币政策选择提供理论参考,同时也能够为全球量化宽松背景下以及美联储退出量化宽松时,中国最优货币政策选择提供理论上的借鉴。     

从固定汇率锚退出后的货币政策框架选择

货币政策名义锚由汇率向其他国内目标的转移是许多新兴市场国家货币当局面临的一个重要抉择。该文结合部分国家的政策实践经验,通过分析比较货币供应量和通胀目标这两种可能选择的政策特征与调控机制后指出,在满足既定制度环境与政策操作能力要求的条件下,通胀目标制是更为理想的货币政策改革方向。     

我国的货币政策、产出增长与通货膨胀——基于DSGE框架

本文在动态随机一般均衡的框架下,分析了我国货币政策的目标设定、工具选择和规则制定。本文的研究表明,我国央行的货币政策目标函数对于产出具有较大的偏向性,与西方国家主要针对通胀管理的目标不同。我国的货币供给作为货币政策工具,与名义利率一起发挥独立的作用。在特殊的政策目标下,我国央行很难采用单一规则做出承诺,相反更加偏好于相机抉择的货币政策规则。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note: