外资入股中资商业银行的法律监管

目前，我国对外资银行的市场准入监管，以新设投资监管为主，而外资参股方式的准入监管却相当薄弱。本文从外资入股中资商业银行的动因分析入手，指出现阶段对外资入股中资银行进行法律监管的必要性。然后，对外资参股的立法现状及其问题进行了深入探讨，主要围绕银监会颁布的《境外金融机构投资入股中资金融机构管理办法》展开评析，重点剖析了外资入股比例、股权转让价格、对被参股银行的监管以及机构混业监管方面所存在问题和隐患，并在此基础上提出了完善相应法律监管的若干建议和措施，即严格限定外资入股比例，进一步细化外资入股的程序规则；合理确定入股价格，健全信息披露制度。     

论外资入股中资商业银行的法律监管

目前,我国对外资银行的市场准入监管,主要以新设投资监管为主,而外资参股方式的准入监管却相当薄弱。分析外资入股中资商业银行的动因,探讨外资参股的立法现状及其问题,并在此基础上提出完善相应法律监管的若干建议。     

外资入股中资银行的负面影响及监管对策

随着我国银行业市场的进一步开放,越来越多的外资金融机构将入股中资银行。外资金融机构入股中资银行虽然展示出“双赢”的前景,但仍然存在一些问题值得我国监管当局和国内银行业高度关注。本文针对外资参股中资银行可能引发的问题,提出加强和完善监管的建议。     

城市商业银行引入外资参股应把握的几个问题

目前．股份制商业银行在积极寻求外资入股．监管部门的政策也鼓励“合格的境外战略投资”入股中资金融机构．外资参股中资金融机构将成为我国商业银行发展的趋势。外资参股城市商业银行在具体操作上要明确引资目的，把握外资选择标准，采取灵活投资方式。     

论对外资银行参股进入的法律监管--由入世后外资银行实施参股进入想到

我国现有的外资银行准入法制基本上都是以“新设进入”的方式为架构，而对外资银行“参股进入”的监管则非常薄弱。然而，实践表明，通过收购、参股国内商业银行进入我国市场将是人世后外资银行的首选。对此，我们不能不加以重视。文章先探讨了外资银行首选参股进入的原因及其影响，指出对外资银行的参股进入进行法律监管的必要性，然后对银监会最近颁布的《境外金融机构投资入股中资金融机构管理办法》展开评析，并在此基础上提出了完善相应法律监管的若干设想。     

外资参股条件下的中资银行内部治理研究——以兴业银行为例

正一直以来,国内银行界把引进外资金融机构参股中资银行作为改善公司治理机制,提高经营效益的途径。截至2012年底,35家中资银行共引进41家外资机构参股,参股总额超过了360亿美元。引进外资参股是否真的能对提高我国银行治理水平发挥作用?如果能,又该怎样将外资先进的管理理念和管理方法拿来为我所用?兴业银行从一家地方性银行起步,逐步发展为一家公众上市银行。2003年12月17日,兴业银行同时与恒生银行、国际金融公司(IFC)和新加坡政府直接投资公司(GIC)三家境外机构签订了战略投资协议,创下当时国内商业银行一次性引入外资股东家数最多、入股比例最高(外资参股比例达24.98%)、PB值定价最高的引资纪录。本文     

外资入股商业银行准入监管的制度完善北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文从前一阶段银行业外资参股的案例出发,通过对外资入股中资银行相关现行制度和草案的评述,从制度完善和再建构的角度讨论规范外资入股商业银行中出现的相关问题,提出应明确外资股东的主体资格,协调国内法律冲突,将外资入股商业银行纳入外资并购审查范畴和垄断审查范畴,并最终建立跨部门的外国投资审查机制。     

外资进场门槛放宽 信托业务加速“回归本源”

信托业市场人士预测,未来信托公司吸引境外金融机构进场或加大投资的概率将增大,从长期看,内资与外资在投资政策上的平等性也将逐步实现。在监管政策放宽险资的境外投资门槛后,外资入股信托公司的条件也进一步放开。根据银保监会的征求意见稿,境外金融机构投资境内信托公司不再有硬性的资产规模要求,同时取消境外金融机构入股境内信托公司应具备"总资产不少于10亿美元"的门槛要求。对信托公司来说,连续的监管政策发布,将在一定程度上加速信托业的对外开放步伐。     

外资入股中资银行法律问题研究

中国加入2003年加入世界贸易组织以来，面对金融服务业全面开放带来的压力，中国银行业的改革进入了快车道，尤其是2003年起，四大国有商业银行纷纷完成股份制改造，除农行外纷纷引入境外战略投资者参股。许多中小商业银行也先后引进外资入股．本文从外资参股中国目内银行的动因、现状等出发，分析了外资入股中资对中资银行改革的重要意义，同时重点针对外资入股中资银行引起的关于国家金融安全的问题，考查了我国现行法律规定中对外资八股中资银行的相关限制性规定的不足，并提出了相应的对策。     

境外金融机构可入股中资金融机构

经国务院同意,银监会2003年12月8日发布《境外金融机构投资入股中资金融机构管理办法》,允许境外金融机构按照自愿和商业的原则,参与中资银行业金融机构的重组与改造,并对投资入股的条件与程序加以适当的规范,改变了以往外资入股需要逐个请示     

金融市场开放背景下外资银行监管制度的完善

随着我国加入世贸组织 ,金融市场也将进一步开放。本文作者分析了外资银行经营中存在的一些问题以及造成这些问题的原因之一 :我国对外资银行的监管制度存在诸多缺陷。在此基础上 ,作者指出了加入世贸组织后我国外资银行监管立法应当遵循的原则 ,分析了新修改的《外资金融机构管理条例》在外资银行监管方面的改进 ,并提出对外银行监管立法的一些建议。     

私人银行业务发展的法律障碍及对策

私人银行业务在发展过程中,遇到了内部、社会、法律等多个方面的障碍。中国私人银行业务的发展需要监管部门的严格监督、立法部门的法律完善以及相关金融机构的大力协助,在外汇、反洗钱、境外投资等领域取得更大的进步。同时,私人银行也应当关注这种新兴服务方式带来的法律风险,采取合理有效的措施加以防范和化解,包括:建立和完善法律风险管理系统、技术系统与人员支持系统,通过特别机制鼓励银行积极承担反洗钱义务,实行混业经营、统一监管,放松外汇管制,规范境外投资,制定专门法律规范。     

The Impact of Regulatory Changes on the Risk-Taking Behavior of State Chartered Savings Banks

This study investigates changes in the risk-taking behavior of state chartered savings banks resulting from three types of regulatory changes: the expansion of asset investment powers contained in the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 and the Garn–St Germain Depository Institutions Act (DIA) of 1982, the authority to change organizational structure from mutual to stock form contained in the Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978 and DIA, and the change in intensity of regulatory oversight contained in the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989. Using data for New York state chartered savings banks for the period 1986 to 1991, the analysis found mixed results for the asset deregulation hypothesis that institutions eventually placed on the problem bank list invested more in deregulated assets. Strong support was found for the organizational structure hypothesis that stock savings banks have greater incentives to pursue value-maximizing levels of risk by using more leverage, growing at faster rates, and increasing credit risk. This finding suggests that the regulatory changes that permitted mutual to stock conversions may have had a significant negative impact on the severity of the thrift crisis. The results also suggest that increased regulatory scrutiny limited the risk-taking of New York state chartered savings banks after 1988.     

村镇银行风险管理现状、问题与对策——以浙江长兴联合村镇银行为例

2006年底,中国银监会<关于调整放宽农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策更好支持社会主艾新农村建设的若干意见>发布后,全国各地村镇银行相继开业运行.但是,村镇银行的风险管理还处于起步和探索阶段,存在不少深层次的困难和问题.因此,如何建立行之有效的风险管理体系,确保村镇银行稳健可持续发展显得尤为重要.笔者通过对浙江长兴联合村镇银行风险管理分析,对村镇银行的风险管理体系建设提出了建议.     

Are foreign banks more profitable than domestic banks? Home- and host-country effects of banking market structure, governance, and supervision

Using both bank- and country-level data on banking sectors from 70 countries over the period 1992-2006, this paper empirically investigates the joint home- and host-country effects of banking market structure, macroeconomic condition, governance, and changes in bank supervision on foreign bank margins. We find that foreign banks are more profitable than domestic banks when they operate in a host country whose banking sector is less competitive and when the parent bank in the home country is highly profitable. Moreover, when foreign banks operate in a host country with lower growth rates of GDP, higher interest and inflation rates, and more stringent regulatory compliance with Basel risk weights, their margins increase. Specifically, changes in bank supervision of a parent bank’s ownership restrictiveness in the home country significantly increases foreign bank margins, while supervisory changes in regulatory compliance with Basel risk weights in the host country enhances foreign bank margins.     

关联企业制度与银行信贷风险的控制和监管

关联企业信贷风险控制在银行信贷管理中十分重要.频频发生的关联企业巨额贷款损失案件暴露出我国现行关联企业制度的缺陷以及我国商业银行关联企业信贷风险控制机制的漏洞.我国亟待借鉴国外经验,强化关联企业信贷风险控制.首先,国家要完善关联企业立法,从法律制度上保障银行债权;其次,商业银行应建立关联企业信贷风险控制机制以及关联企业信贷信息咨询系统,并做好对关联企业贷款的统一授信、贷前调查和财务分析,选择合适的借款主体和担保方式,在借款合同中设置预防性条款,加强贷后管理;最后,银行监管机构要采取措施加强对关联企业信贷风险的监管.     

Pitfalls in systemic-risk scoring

In this paper, we identify several shortcomings in the systemic-risk scoring methodology currently used to identify and regulate Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs). Using newly-disclosed regulatory data for 119 US and international banks, we show that the current scoring methodology severely distorts the allocation of regulatory capital among banks. We then propose and implement a methodology that corrects for these shortcomings and increases incentives for banks to reduce their risk contributions.     

Stock Returns and Volatility under Market Segmentation: The Case of Chinese A and B Shares

In most countries where firms list separate shares for trading by foreign and domestic investors, the prices of the foreign shares tend to be higher. In China, the reverse tends to be true. In this paper, we would like to focus on the information content in lagged premiums of Chinese A over B traded shares. The lagged premiums are found to have certain predictive power over the future returns and volatility of both A and B shares, with some interesting patterns. Specifically, an increase in the premium ratio of A shares will be followed by a rise in the return of A shares and a fall in the return of B shares. It is found that both of the investors in Chinese A- and B-share markets reveal positive feedback trading behavior. Moreover, the liquidity and information availability will affect the magnitude of such behavior especially in B-share markets. By using multivariate GARCH model, it is also demonstrated that the unexpected changes in the premium ratio of A-share price over B-share price contribute to the return volatility of both A shares and B shares. These patterns may provide foundations for the development of pricing models for equity shares under market segmentation.     

Price Clustering in the U.S. Dollar/Taiwan Dollar Swap Market

Price clustering in financial markets is pervasive. Using transaction‐level data from the world's largest financial market, this study is the first to examine price clustering behavior in the foreign exchange swap market. In addition to existing hypotheses, we investigate new determinants of price clustering including the expected return, contract liquidity, and trader's identity. The results support both negotiation and price resolution hypotheses. We find a positive effect from the level of expected return on price clustering. Markets with greater liquidity experience reduced clustering. Transactions involving domestic banks have less clustering suggesting an information advantage over foreign banks.     

The voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and loan contracting around the world

Using a sample of non-U.S. borrowers from 40 countries during 1997 through 2005, this paper investigates the effect of the voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on price and nonprice terms of loan contracts and loan ownership structure in the international loan market. Our results reveal the following. First, banks charge lower loan rates to IFRS adopters than to non-adopters. The difference in loan rates in excess of a benchmark rate between the two groups is about 20 basis points for all loans and nearly 31 basis points for London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)-based loans. Second, banks impose more favorable nonprice terms on IFRS adopters, particularly less restrictive covenants. We also provide evidence suggesting that banks are more willing to extend credit to IFRS adopters through larger loans and longer maturities. Finally, IFRS adopters attract significantly more foreign lenders participating in loan syndicates than non-adopters.