Can digital financial inclusion promote China's economic growth?

Can digital financial inclusion as an emerging and innovative financial service promote economic growth? Based on a Bayesian macroeconomic analysis framework, this paper introduces the level of Internet development as a threshold variable, analyzes the impact of digital financial inclusion on economic growth based on provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019 in China, and finally explores the mediating effect of digital financial inclusion on economic growth through a multiple mediation model. The results show that ① digital financial inclusion development has a significant contribution to economic growth. ② The impact of digital financial inclusion development on economic growth has a significant Internet threshold effect. ③Promoting small and medium-sized enterprise entrepreneurship and stimulating residents' consumption are two important channels through which digital financial inclusion development affects economic growth.     

数字普惠金融与未预期风险应对:理论与实证

本文构建理论模型刻画数字普惠金融对居民未预期风险应对的影响,并基于世界银行2014年和2017年中国普惠金融微观数据进行实证检验。研究表明,数字普惠金融能够有效提高居民风险应对能力,增强贫困人口抵抗风险冲击的韧性。但考虑个体多重借贷行为后发现,适度借贷有益于改善居民风险分担,过度借贷则会损害其风险防御能力,进而弱化数字普惠金融的风险平滑效应,这意味着数字普惠金融增强居民风险应对能力是建立在理性借贷基础之上。进一步分析发现,数字普惠金融还能帮助遭受风险冲击的家庭平稳消费,这一影响主要来源于对非耐用品支出的促进作用。此外,机制检验表明数字普惠金融能在扩大风险分担网络、增进信任机制、培养金融习惯以及提升服务效率等方面带来重要影响。本文为我国推进数字技术与普惠金融融合创新,营造健康数字普惠金融生态圈提供了一定启示。     

数字普惠金融对包容性增长的影响：机制分析与实证检验

选取北京大学数字普惠金融指数,研究基于创新、创业路径的我国数字普惠金融对包容性增长的影响机制。通过实证检验发现,数字普惠金融不仅能直接促进包容性增长水平,而且可以通过创新、创业提升包容性增长质量。异质性分析表明,数字普惠金融对包容性增长的促进作用在东部地区、经济发达地区、金融发展水平较高地区和人力资本水平较高地区效果更好,数字普惠金融的促进作用与区域特征存在协同效应。     

金融包容的逻辑起点及体系构建——兼论新背景下金融包容的推进与应用

鉴于国内对金融排斥、普惠金融、金融包容的研究还存在诸多分歧,地理学者和金融学者对其可达性及使用性维度仍有不同理解,从学术溯源的角度,通过梳理金融包容的历史沿革和内涵演化,界定不同理念之间的区别与联系,并结合最新的数字金融、虚拟集聚背景,提出“三度”“三维”“三协调”为一体的金融包容体系。从复杂系统论的角度,创新性地将其分为金融包容的协调体系、风险管理体系、创新体系、组织体系及传导体系,并探索了主流金融范畴的扩展、格莱珉模式的思考以及传递渠道的创新等,剖析了新的研究范式的不足,为未来理论研究和实践推进提供路径及展望。     

Exploring the nexus between financial sector reforms and the emergence of digital banking culture – Evidences from a developing country

Several financial and banking sector reform programs were instituted in different countries over the last three decades. The underlining purpose of these reforms was largely to improve banking sector supervision and regulation, introduce bank privatization mechanism, introduce clearance and settlement systems, infuse competition and to stimulate financial innovation. The objectives of this study are to 1) review the relevant published literature and market survey reports on the financial & banking sector reforms undertaken in Pakistan and elsewhere, 2) analyze how these reform programs develop digital banking culture and increase financial inclusion in the country and 3) guide future research by putting forward a research agenda. The findings of the study suggest a link between the financial and banking sector reforms and the stimulation of financial innovation; the promotion of digital banking culture; and the infusion of financial inclusion in Pakistan. We discuss managerial/policy implications of the study, limitations and presents recommendations for future research.     

数字普惠金融与制造业升级：影响机制与经验证据

基于2011-2020年省级面板数据,采用系统GMM方法和中介效应模型,考察数字普惠金融对制造业升级的影响,同时检验技术创新、人力资本和消费升级在数字普惠金融影响制造业升级过程中的传导作用机制。结果表明：数字普惠金融的发展能够显著促进制造业升级;技术创新、人力资本和消费升级具有一定的传导作用,但均表现为遮掩效应。鉴于此,要进一步完善数字普惠金融体系、技术创新服务机制、培养高层次产业人才、刺激消费等,发挥数字普惠金融对制造业升级的促进作用。     

数字普惠金融发展与中小企业创新——基于中国创业板企业的证据

中小企业创新对促进我国经济高质量发展方面具有重要意义。本文以中国2012-2018年创业板上市中小企业为研究对象,从企业层面实证检验数字普惠金融对中小企业创新的影响及作用机制,并深入分析该影响在不同特征样本间的差异。实证结果表明,数字普惠金融发展能够显著促进中小企业创新,且进行稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步的机制分析表明,数字普惠金融发展能够通过改善资本配置效率和人力资源配置效率激励中小企业创新。最后,异质性分析表明该促进作用在西部地区中小企业和非国有中小企业中更加明显。     

数字普惠金融、信贷可得性与中国相对贫困减缓

基于中小微企业和低收入人群等信贷可得性视角,实证分析数字普惠金融对相对贫困减缓的影响路径与影响程度,以期强化欠发达地区和农村低收入人口的社会资金捕获能力,助力巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接.研究发现:数字普惠金融通过提升客户触达能力,促使城乡之间金融服务的机会均等化,降低融资交易成本,破解金融排斥,缩小城乡差距,降低农村地区的相对贫困水平.但现阶段数字普惠金融只能够有效地降低东部地区的农村相对贫困水平,而在中西部地区,这种效应并不明显.中国应因地适宜改进和提升数字普惠金融服务、提高各类微弱经济体信贷可得性、增强金融赋能的精准性和有效性.     

环长株潭县域普惠金融水平测度及分布动态研究

对2009—2014年环长株潭地区县域普惠金融发展水平进行定量评估,并运用非参数估计法探究分布演化特征,结果显示:该区域普惠金融水平整体上呈现先升后降态势,核心地带发展水平比边缘地带更高、更稳定.随后运用扩散—回波效应的机理对其进行诠释:因边缘地带较于核心地带距中心城市更远,金融发展环境较差,以致发展资源被抢夺吸收.因此,要推进区域普惠金融的国家级战略,不仅要调动金融机构开展普惠金融业务的积极性,更要提升受回波效应影响的边缘地带以及相关群体对金融资源的吸引力.     

How does digital inclusive finance affect economic resilience: Evidence from 285 cities in China

Digital inclusive finance can provide effective financial services to consumers and enterprises that are excluded from traditional finance, thereby improving the vitality and resilience of the economy. Using panel data from 285 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2020, this study explores the mechanism of the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic resilience. We also empirically test the direct effect of digital inclusive finance on economic resilience, the moderating effect of the market environment, and the transmission path of mediating variables. The study shows that improving the level of digital inclusive finance has a positive impact on economic resilience, which mainly stems from the deepening of the coverage breadth and use depth of digital inclusive finance and gradually increases over time. In the heterogeneity analysis, we find that the enhanced effect of digital inclusive finance on economic resilience is more significant in the central and eastern regions and in cities with larger economies in China. Further mechanism analysis reveals that the better the financial market environment and business environment are, the stronger the role of digital inclusion finance in promoting economic resilience. In addition, the increase in innovative technology and the growth of the consumption level are two important mediating variables for digital inclusive finance to actively contribute to economic resilience.     

Digital financial inclusion and investment diversification: Evidence from China

We examine the impact of digital financial inclusion on the diversification of individual stock investments in China using nationwide data from the Chinese Stock Market Individual Investor Survey and the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index of China. We show that digital financial inclusion significantly increases the diversification of individual stock investments, primarily by reducing investors' perceived transaction costs and mitigating investors' limited attention. It also plays a more significant role among investors with lower conventional financial development, lower financial literacy, below 45 years old, shorter investment experience and females. We recommend the continued promotion of digital financial inclusion to optimise asset allocation in Chinese households.     

数字金融发展是否存在马太效应？——贫困户与非贫困户的经验比较

数字普惠金融发展是否存在马太效应,贫困户和非贫困户之间的收入不平等是否会因此而加剧值得深入研究。基于中国劳动力动态调查和北京大学数字普惠金融指数,从数字金融的覆盖广度和使用深度来考察数字金融发展是否存在马太效应及其作用机制。结果表明:贫困户可借助数字金融平滑生存型消费和积累发展型要素,但效果并不显著,而非贫困户在有效利用数字金融功能防范风险、平滑消费、积累要素的同时,还能休闲娱乐,数字金融发展的马太效应明显;不同数字金融产品的马太效应具有显著差异,数字征信的效应最大,数字信贷、数字支付次之;数字金融发展对不同收入差距类型的影响具有显著异质性,对经营性收入差距的影响最为明显。本文为研究数字普惠金融提供了新的视角,可为未来数字金融缩小收入差距政策的制定提供有益参考。     

数字金融、家庭相对收入及脆弱性——兼论多维“鸿沟”的影响

数字金融发展是否有利于提升家庭相对收入并降低家庭脆弱性值得深入研究。基于宏微观匹配数据,本文从相对收入及脆弱性视角考察了数字金融的增收效应及其微观作用机理,并分析了多维“鸿沟”的影响。研究表明,数字金融发展,尤其是使用深度的提升,有利于提升家庭相对收入水平、降低脆弱性。微观作用机制在于,数字金融发展能够有效提升家庭金融可得性和使用性,并促进潜在投资行为和就业创业活动。进一步分析发现,数字金融发展虽然体现了普惠特征,但并未明显打破空间限制,对城镇等发达地区及具有数字设备、受过金融教育等家庭的相对收入及脆弱性展现出更强的作用;对贫困户、无数字设备等家庭的相对收入作用不显著,充分体现了破除多维“鸿沟”的紧迫性。本文为进一步优化数字金融缩小收入差距、降低家庭脆弱性的政策提供了参考。     

数字时代中国老年人被诈骗研究——互联网与数字普惠金融的作用

本文采用具有全国代表性的中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,研究在我国数字化和老龄化背景下,老年人被诈骗情况的主要特征以及在不同维度的差异,并进一步挖掘其影响因素,探讨互联网使用和数字普惠金融发展在其中发挥的作用。主要发现如下:第一,虽然经济条件较好的老年人群体更容易成为诈骗目标,但被诈骗者接触后,相对脆弱的老年人群体更容易实际受骗,高达30%的老人在被诈骗接触后会实际遭受损失;第二,本文构造的防骗能力指数显示,经济欠发达省份的老年人防骗能力明显更低;第三,互联网的使用同时具有“曝露效应”和“学习效应”;第四,个体认知能力以及当地数字普惠金融发展程度是影响老年人是否实际被骗及损失大小的关键因素。最后,从异质性的角度看,使用数字技术的正面“学习效应”对信息相对匮乏的农村和女性老年人作用更大,超过了负面的“曝露效应”;数字普惠金融的发展程度对女性老年人的助力作用更为明显,但在农村地区的作用仍有待进一步提高。     

央行数字货币体系构建对金融系统的影响

本文基于货币演化逻辑以及公共选择理论的视角,论证了央行数字货币产生的必要性;从价值维度、技术维度、运营维度、应用维度的视角,论证了央行数字货币体系构建的充分性。央行数字货币体系构建过程中可能面临三个主要选择:计不计息、匿不匿名、跨不跨境。这三个选择对金融系统的影响体现为:现金、银行存款与央行数字货币的"三角平衡"问题,金融普惠原则下金融监管与用户隐私保护的"二元平衡"问题以及人民币国际化趋势下的全球支付"一点对接"问题。     

Financial management in China

This paper introduces the Journal of Multinational Financial Management's special issue on financial management in China. We provide a brief literature review of China's financial management policies, practices, and recent research findings, and describe how papers published in this special issue contribute to this literature. We also make many suggestions for future research.     

Financial regulation and financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does financial stability play a moderating role?

This study examines the impact of financial regulation on financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa, considering the moderating role of financial stability. By analysing the relationship between financial inclusion and the most prominent macro-prudential regulation (capital adequacy), we find that tightening prudential regulations could negatively impact access to finance, thereby conflicting with Sub-Saharan African economies’ financial inclusion goals. More specifically, the capital adequacy requirement tremendously reduces banks’ capacity to provide financial services and this could lead to credit rationing thereby reducing financial inclusion. The results also indicate that, the interaction of financial regulation with financial stability positively impacts financial inclusion. Thus, financial stability augments financial regulation to have an affirmative impact on financial inclusion. The practical implications of this paper are that, one of the ways central governments and policy makers in Sub-Saharan African countries can increase and get the most out of financial inclusion is to formulate policies targeted at reducing capital adequacy requirements of financial institutions and other constraints that limit the operations and efficiency of financial institutions. Such policies should also aim at creating an enabling environment to promote financial stability.     

信用风险防范视角下的数字金融探析

随着科学技术在金融领域的飞速发展,数字金融正在逐渐取代传统金融模式而成为经济社会的主要金融服务方式,然而,数字金融是一把“双刃剑”,给我们带来便利的同时也带来了信用风险。在对数字金融与传统金融进行比较分析的基础上,总结数字金融信用风险的形成原因和重要特征,梳理了数字金融信用风险评估的理论与模型,最后结合我国数字金融发展的实际情况,就数字金融信用风险管理提出完善法律法规、建立信用风险评估体系、健全个人征信体系、实行“沙盒”管理、转变监管模式、强化知识教育的对策。     

普惠金融、收入分配和贫困减缓——推进效率和公平的政策框架选择

本文从县域和省际两个层面,采用OLS最小二乘法和DID双重差分法检验了普惠金融的政策效应。研究发现,普惠金融发展初期,能够缩小城乡收入差距,但是这种效应仅在集中连片特困区显著,受资源倾向性配置的效率损失、农贷的“精英俘获”以及金融知识匮乏的影响,银行服务包容性的提高没有反映出明显的益贫性;在产品市场、要素市场和中介市场发育程度较高、对生产者和消费者合法权益保护程度较强的地区,良好的制度环境可以对金融资本扭曲配置行为加以约束,纠正普惠金融对贫困减缓的负面效应;银行、保险等正规金融机构忽视弱势群体的资源配置结构是导致包容性金融体系无法实现减贫的根源。因此,兼顾广泛包容、特定配比和商业可持续的制度框架才能扭转正规金融机构现有效率和公平皆损的局面;构建信息化普惠金融体系,能够克服正规金融机构高门槛、服务成本高以及逆向选择等问题,成为对社会帕累托最优的政策框架选择,促进收入分配公平和减缓贫困。     

后疫情时代银行保险业数字化转型思考与突破——以山东省为例

数据就是价值,数字就是生产力。近年来,银行保险业数字化转型取得积极成效,疫情冲击更进一步加深了推进数字化转型的普遍共识。笔者在广泛开展实地调研、问卷座谈的基础上,全面总结了山东省银行保险业数字化转型在优化完善机制、支持实体经济、改进服务方式、防范重大风险、参与社会治理等八方面的良好成效,深入剖析了机制、数据、人才、安全等方面存在的突出问题,并结合研究结论,提出了聚焦“双循环”新发展格局、突出高频化金融服务场景、厘清差异化实施路径、筑牢信息安全基础、提升金融监管水平等优化改进的政策措施。