对外直接投资模式选择

我国对外投资体制及其东道国的制度环境通过影响中国企业的生产力水平和不同投资模式的组织成本,进一步影响了中国企业对外直接投资模式的选择三十多年来,中国企业对外直接投资模式选择更多地受到了我国和东道国制度环境的影响和制约。我国对外投资体制及其东道国的制度环境通过影响中国企业的生产力水平和不同投资模式的组织成本,进一步影响了中国企业对外直接投资模式的选择。     

中国能源企业对外直接投资区位选择的实证研究

本文从23个国家在经济、制度和政策三方面选取了11个变量,通过对截面数据的逐步回归,筛选出了中国能源企业对外直接投资区位选择的影响因素,进而提出合理的区位选择路径.结论为:中国能源企业对外直接投资受东道国GDP、外资政策、与中国的贸易联系、与中国的地理距离等因素的显著影响.中国能源企业进行对外直接投资区位选择时,应首先考虑与我国贸易联系紧密的东道国;其次,选择经济发展水平低的国家,减轻企业获取能源开采经营权的阻力;最后加强与东道国沟通,争取有利的优惠政策.     

对外直接投资企业所面临税收问题的解决思路

中国的对外直接投资是从改革开放发展起来的,税收因素是影响企业对外直接投资的重要因素,本文从完善对外投资的税收政策以及加强对外投资的税收管理两方面探索了企业所面临的税收问题的解决思路,旨在为今后的研究提供理论基础和技术指导.     

“一带一路”与中国对外直接投资:效应和影响机制北大核心CSSCI

“一带一路”倡议有助于充分利用国内国际两个市场和资源,在更大范围、更广领域上优化资源配置,提高开放水平。研究发现:“一带一路”倡议对中国向“一带一路”沿线国家直接投资起到显著促进作用;“一带一路”倡议制度框架,有利于沿线国家降低税负,提高税收征管效率,进而通过改善税收营商环境,显著提高中国对沿线国家的对外直接投资水平。因而,应继续推动中国与“一带一路”沿线国家税收合作,帮助沿线国家提高税收征管能力;加快中国与“一带一路”沿线国家税收协定谈判和签署步伐,修订现有已签订的税收协定中的不适宜条款;继续基于“一带一路”框架优化中国“走出去”企业对外投资税收服务,为中国企业参与对外直接投资创造良好的税收环境。     

“一带一路”战略下企业境外投资税收风险评估——基于Fuzzy-AHP模型北大核心CSSCI

本文基于模糊层次分析法,对影响企业境外投资的税收风险因素进行量化评估,结果显示:企业境外投资税收风险总体较高,而政治法律环境指标数值依次高于其他指标数值;企业在"一带一路"沿线投资时,政治法律环境、经济发展状况、税制差异和税收管理风险程度将决定税收风险的高低。鉴于此,我国政府应制定符合"一带一路"发展需要的国际税收协调规则,实施开放型经济发展的税收政策等;企业也需要创新思路,因地制宜地选择"走出去"路径。     

税制改革的国际比较研究

20世纪90年代以来，发达的市场经济国家和发展中国家纷纷进行了税制改革。虽然由于经济、社会、政治等背景的不同，各国税制改革没有统一的模式，但纵观各国税制改革，一个总体趋势是：降低税收负担，调整税制结构，完善税制，加强税收管理和促进国际协调等。因此，我们将从宏观税负、税制结构、税制完善、税收管理等方面研究比较各国的税制改革情况，     

双边政治关系、东道国制度环境与对外直接投资

在企业对外直接投资中,双边政治关系能否对东道国制度环境起到一定的优化补充效应？以往研究往往忽略了双边政治关系与东道国制度环境间的交互影响。本文基于2005-2014年中国企业对外直接投资数据,通过构建双边政治关系、东道国制度环境差异等指标,实证分析表明:第一,友好的双边政治关系对东道国制度环境具有一定的优化效应,促进企业海外投资;相反,双边政治冲突则表现出一定的恶化效应;第二,不论是正式制度还是非正式制度,友好的双边政治关系对东道国制度差异均起到了一定的补充效应,降低了东道国制度距离的阻碍,增强了企业海外投资的合法性;第三,进一步,友好的双边政治关系与东道国制度环境的互补效应,能够显著提升企业对外直接投资的成效;第四,在较差的东道国制度中,双边政治关系的优化互补效应更为显著。基于上述分析,在中国“一带一路”战略实施进程中,一方面要增强与投资东道国的互联互通,注重与制度环境差异较大的国家进行政治交流,同时要积极构筑企业自身的所有权优势,保障企业对外投资收到实效。     

北京市私营企业实施“走出去”战略的现状与问题——经济全球化下北京市私营企业发展对策研究之二

一、中国企业对外直接投资的动因与优势分析 中国企业对外直接投资的动因分析 一般而言,跨国公司从事对外直接投资(FDI)的动因包括寻求海外市场、出口导向、寻求资源、寻求技术和寻求效率。中国企业对外直接投资的动因以寻求市场型为主,包括寻求东道国市场和第三国市场(主要是东道国市场)。中国企业寻求资源型FDI单个项目规模大、数量少;寻求技     

房地产行业税收负担研究——基于沪、深房地产上市公司的经验数据

近年来,房地产行业总体税收负担平均水平与其他行业相比较高。通过多元线性回归方法分析各因素对所得税税负、流转税税负及总税负的影响发现:从公司内部角度来说,会-税差异、融资结构与企业税负负相关,公司规模、盈利能力与企业税负正相关;从外部条件来说,相比于所得税税负,流转税税负对房地产行业的总体税负影响更大。流转税存在的税制问题也是使其税负较高的直接原因。建议采取进一步规范和完善房地产税制体系、加大监管力度等政策措施,以有效降低房地产企业税负。     

我国企业对外直接投资的区位选择研究

企业在进行对外直接投资的过程中,首先要做出正确的区位选择,这直接关系到企业生产的国际布局和经营成败.当前我国企业对外直接投资的区位选择问题常常被忽视,导致对外投资利润较低甚至失败.本文首先分析了我国企业对外直接投资区位选择的现状和特点,其次运用引力模型对区位选择问题进行实证研究,最后结合实证研究结果对我国企业对外投资区位选择提出建议.     

“一带一路”沿线国家税收竞争力对中国对外直接投资的影响

"一带一路"沿线国家税收竞争力对中国对外直接投资具有重要影响。实证研究发现,"一带一路"沿线国家税收竞争力的提升显著促进了中国对外直接投资的增加。因而,中国政府应致力于加强国际税收合作与区域协调,构建"共商、共建、共享"税收新体系;为企业投资"一带一路"沿线国家(地区)提供优质的跨境涉税服务和税务风险预警指引,从宏观上引导企业对外直接投资健康发展;完善国内税收政策体系以提升国际税收竞争力,更好吸引外来投资;企业应密切关注东道国税收政策变化,有效防范风险,利用"一带一路"倡议带来的机遇,积极拓展海外市场。     

How does intellectual property protection in the host country affect outward foreign direct investment?

This paper empirically analyses the impact of a host country’s intellectual property (IP) protection on Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), employing panel data of 109 host countries’ FDI stocks and IP protection levels. Based on the regression results, it is concluded that the host country’s IP protection has a significant impact on Chinese OFDI. By including an interaction term into the regression, it can be seen that a host country’s trade openness enhances the influence of intellectual property protection on OFDI. Using subsample regressions, it was found that the positive effect of the protection of IP rights by the host country on China’s OFDI is stronger in the countries along China’s ‘Belt and Road’ initiative. For a subsample of countries with a lower degree of IP protection than China, the positive effect of IP protection is weaker than in ones with a higher IP protection level. The results obtained through a threshold regression, show that host countries can be divided into three categories, based on gross domestic product per capita, namely low, medium and high development levels. The higher the level of economic development of the host country, the greater the impact of IP protection on China’s OFDI. The host countries are also categorised into low-, medium- and high-level IP protection levels. As the level of a host country’s IP protection improves, it promotes OFDI from China.     

The Impact of Institutions and Exchange Rate Volatility on China’s Outward FDI

Over the past decade, China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has rapidly increased. However, its characteristics are not sufficiently studied. In this article, we explore the host country’s determinants of China’s OFDI, with a focus on institutional quality, exchange rate volatility, and natural resources by performing an econometric analysis for the period 2003–2013 for a sample of 49 countries. Our results reveal that China’s OFDI is invested in countries with relatively poor institutional quality and abundant natural resources. Exchange rate variability has a dampening effect on China’s OFDI and that the appreciation of the Chinese renminbi enhances OFDI flows.     

Determinants of Bilateral Effective Tax Rates: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries*

This paper identifies the relevant determinants of a company's effective tax burden. Thereby, we account for bilateral aspects of corporate taxation by calculating bilateral effective tax rates as proposed by Devereux and Griffith (1999 and 2003). The empirical evidence of a large panel of nearly 8,000 bilateral effective tax rates within the OECD suggests that country size is an important determinant of the effective tax rate. In line with the literature, bilateral tax rates with small host countries exhibit a smaller overall effective tax rate, despite the fact that larger countries are more likely to reduce the tax burden by means of tax treaties at the bilateral level. Further, we find that geographically remote countries impose higher taxes, whereas economic integration tends to reduce the extent of the bilateral effective tax burden.     

The location of financial sector FDI: Tax and regulation policy

This paper analyzes how corporate taxation and regulatory requirements affect the location of financial sector FDI. We use novel information on new financial services entities established by multinational firms in 83 host countries. We find a negative effect of host country taxes on the probability of choosing a particular host location. We can also confirm a significant influence of the regulatory environment. For example, stricter (equity) capital requirements negatively affect location probabilities. Our empirical approach allows us to provide new insight in how a policy measure of a given country affects other countries by estimating cross-country tax and regulation elasticities.     

事实汇率制度选择、企业生产率与对外直接投资

企业“走出去”和汇率制度安排灵活化是中国参与全球经济的两大典型特征,本文从企业异质性视角讨论了双边事实汇率制度选择对企业对外直接投资的影响效应。理论层面上,本文将Gali and Monacelli(2005)的一般均衡框架拓展为两国模型,发现双边固定汇率制度降低了企业进入东道国开展OFDI活动的生产率阈值,提高了企业对外直接投资倾向。同时,尽管企业生产率的提升能够促进企业对外直接投资活动,但其促进力度明显不及双边事实固定汇率制度安排。实证层面上,本文采用了中国商务部公布的2000-2013年《境外投资企业(机构)名录》等微观企业数据,发现双边事实固定汇率制度能使企业进行OFDI概率平均提高0.8%~55.4%。考虑其他异质性因素及内生性问题后,本文主要结论依然稳健。     

中国OFDI如何应对东道国经济政策不确定性

中国OFDI的发展背景自从20世纪90年代以来,经济全球化的步伐开始加快,越来越多的企业逐渐将目标转向国际市场,其中开展对外直接投资活动(OFDI)是跨国企业进入海外市场的主要手段之一。1978年,中国开始了改革开放,经济实力逐步增强,资本“走出去”的步伐也越来越快。     

“一带一路”沿线国家投资便利化测评与中国对外直接投资

构建投资便利化衡量体系，并运用主成分分析法计算“一带一路”沿线48个国家的投资便利化水平。在确定沿线国家投资便利化得分的条件下，采用固定效应的检验方法考察2008-2016年沿线国家投资便利化水平对中国OFDI的影响。结果表明：投资便利化、国内生产总值、人口数量对中国对外直接投资存在正向拉动作用；而东道国与投资国的距离对OFDI呈负向影响。未来中国应积极推广“一带一路”沿线国家的基础设施建设，逐步提升合作国的投资便利化水平；并通过推动区域投资一体化，带动跨国企业对沿线国家的投资。     

Corporate tax competition between firms

Firms’ tax planning decisions, similar to their other operational decisions, are made in a competitive environment. Various stakeholders observe the tax payments and evaluate these against the relevant peer group. This implies firms might not simply minimise their tax burden, but also consider their competitors behaviour when deciding about tax planning. Empirically this creates interdependencies in the tax planning activities of firms. Introducing the concept of a reputational loss we show the positive interdependence in a theoretical model and test it in a spatial econometric model. Empirical evidence suggests that benchmarking takes place both within countries and within industries, however for the latter it is important to include firms in large non-EU OECD countries.     

The Determinants of Chinese Outward FDI in Countries Along “One Belt One Road”

This article identifies the main determinants of Chinese outward FDI (OFDI) activities with a focus on One Belt One Road (OBOR) countries during the period 2003–2015. We established a panel dataset including 93 countries (49 OBOR countries within and 44 countries outside the OBOR). The results show that Chinese OFDI in OBOR countries are highly sensitive to exchange rate (ER) level, market potential, openness, and infrastructure facilities of host countries. The determinants of Chinese OFDI in OBOR countries differ from those outside.