控股股东股权质押是否影响审计师定价策略？——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

审计成本与风险溢价是影响审计师定价的两个重要因素。以2007—2014年间我国A股上市公司为对象,研究控股股东股权质押对审计师定价的影响,并考察了产权性质、审计师特征以及法制环境对两者之间关系的调节作用。研究发现：总体而言,相较于非控股股东股权质押的公司,审计师对控股股东股权质押公司的审计定价更高,且控股股东股权质押比例越高,审计定价越高。进一步地,在民营企业、“四大”审计的企业及在法制环境好的地区,审计师对控股股东股权质押公司的审计定价都更高。这表明审计师能够识别上市公司控股股东股权质押带来的风险,并将其反映在审计定价中。     

New evidence on shareholder wealth effects in bank mergers during 1980-2000

This paper employs two unique bank event study methodologies to calculate abnormal returns for bidder, target and combined firms. The first methodology is a modified market model that controls for shocks common to the banking industry. The second is an EGARCH (1, 1) model that adjusts for the violated regression assumptions of the traditional market model event study. The results of both methodologies reveal that target shareholders enjoy significantly positive abnormal returns, whereas the bidder shareholders experience significantly negative abnormal returns. Overall, announcements of bank mergers generate positive wealth effects for the combined shareholders. However, the evidence presented in this paper underscores the importance of the choice of models describing stock returns in examining the impact of bank mergers.     

基于股东侵占模型的大股东减持行为研究

通过构建单个股东和多个股东侵占模型,分析大股东减持问题,发现影响大股东减持的因素包括大股东持股比例、大股东属性、外部法律保护程度、减持价格、投资收益率分离度及股权制衡程度;再通过实证检验,发现大股东持股比例及股东属性对大股东减持产生显著的正向影响,股权制衡程度对大股东减持产生负向影响,而外部法律保护程度、减持价格及投资收益分离度与大股东减持的关系则并不显著.     

金融发展对环境规制提升工业绿色全要素生产率的创新补偿效应

以金融发展为切入点,探讨环境规制对工业绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究结果显示,不同融资模式的金融发展对环境规制提升工业绿色全要素生产率均存在创新补偿效应,且股票市场的创新补偿效应最大,银行部门次之,民间金融最小。分区域的估计结果显示,东部地区银行部门不存在创新补偿效应,其余地区的估计结果与整体一致。进一步的门槛检验结果显示,银行部门和民间金融均存在单一门槛,且呈现正向边际效率递增的非线性规律。     

How Controlling Shareholders Impact Debt Maturity Structure in Taiwan

Using data on listed companies in Taiwan from 1998 to 2009, our study investigates how controlling shareholder structure can affect debt maturity structure. The results indicate a significant negative relationship between ownership and debt maturity in the sample companies when control rights are lower than required control shareholdings. Conversely, the results also demonstrate that the separation of control from ownership displays a significant positive impact on debt maturity for controlling shareholder structure when control rights exceed cash‐flow rights. Overall, our results show that there is an inverted U‐shaped non‐linear relationship between control rights and the duration of liabilities in the control structure of ultimate controlling shareholders. Further, the consequence is that we find the required control shareholdings ratio serves as an important criterion in analyzing it, when dividing the control rights structure based on controlling shareholders into different combinations.     

中国城市土地市场存在“赢者诅咒”吗？

借鉴相关研究成果,构建一个综合性的时间窗口分析模型,利用我国境内房地产上市公司在20个城市购置的205宗土地作为样本,设置前向与后向共八个事件窗口,定量考察土地市场价格信号对股票市场的影响。实证结果表明：土地市场与股票市场是两个高度关联的市场,两个市场之间存在信号传递作用,短期内具有正向冲击效应,地价信号在土地出让后能够在短期内影响股票收益率,形成对股票价格的短期冲击效应;土地出让价格信号对股票市场的影响具有时间上的不对称性,地价信号对于股票收益率的影响主要发生在土地成交之后,股票市场对于土地竞拍以前的信息没有明显响应;土地市场所发现的价格信号是关联市场价格波动的信号源,改变竞价人的预期是市场稳定的关键。     

Private benefits from control block trades in the Spanish stock exchange

A control block trade can be explained by the expectation of financial gains, shared by all shareholders, or by the expectation of private benefits, exclusive to the buyer and possibly at the expense of other shareholders’ rents. The market for corporate control contributes to social welfare when it improves the efficiency of the allocation of resources. When the objective of a block transaction is private benefits, social welfare may be negatively impacted as minority shareholders could withdraw from the market. Therefore the estimation of private benefits would allow the efficiency of the market for corporate control to be assessed. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to calculate private benefits in the Spanish market for partial control. Using a sample of partial control transactions over the period 1990–2016, we find that the median of private benefits is negative, therefore it appears that there is no inefficient use of resources in the Spanish partial control market as a whole, however private costs are detected. The variability of private benefits is explained in a significant way by variables related to the control structure of the target firm, such as the controlling position of the buyer after the transaction, the contestability of control and the cross-shareholdings between the buyer and large shareholders. Performance and the size of the firm are significant as well.     

The Effect of CEO Stock-Based Compensation on the Pricing of Future Earnings

This paper examines whether CEO stock-based compensation has an effect on the market’s ability to predict future earnings. When stock-based compensation motivates managers to share their private information with shareholders, it will expedite the pricing of future earnings in current stock prices. In contrast, when equity-compensated managers attempt to temporarily manipulate the stock price to maximize their own benefit rather than that of shareholders, the market may not fully anticipate future performance. We find that a CEO’s stock-based compensation strengthens the association between current returns and future earnings, indicating that more information about future earnings is reflected in current stock prices. In addition, we find that the positive effect is weaker for firms that have a high level of signed discretionary accruals or a low management forecast frequency. Overall, our study suggests that on average, equity-based compensation improves the informativeness of stock prices about future earnings, while opportunistic discretionary accruals or lowered earnings guidance hamper this improvement.     

Taking Away the Voting Powers from Controlling Shareholders: Evidence from the Chinese Securities Market

The main agency problem in the Chinese economy comes from a conflict between strong controlling shareholders and weak minority shareholders. In such economy, seasonal equity offerings (SEOs) are used as a means to exploit minority shareholders. This paper examines the effects of a regulation (the classified voting system [CVS]) that attempts to protect the interests of minority shareholders by excluding controlling shareholders from the voting process of SEOs. This results show that the rejection rate significantly increases after the CVS comes into effect. SEOs proposals are more likely to be rejected when perceived private benefits are high and security benefits are low, and when minority shareholders have higher bargaining power. Further, investors receive significantly higher post‐SEO stock returns for SEOs approved under the CVS than for those approved before the CVS.     

Foreign capital inflows, economic growth and stock market capitalization in Asian countries: an ARDL bound testing approach

This study investigates the effects of foreign capital inflows and economic growth on stock market capitalization in 18 Asian countries by using the panel data from the period of 2000–2010. The ARDL bound testing cointegration approach confirms the valid long run relationship between the considered variables. Results indicate that foreign direct investment has significant negative and economic growth has significant positive relationship with the stock market capitalization, whereas, the results of workers’ remittances is found insignificant in long run. The error correction model confirms the significant positive relationship of economic growth and workers’ remittances while, FDI has negative and significant impact on stock market capitalization in short run. Results of causality test based on Toda and Yamamoto (J Econom 66: 225–250, 1995) show the bidirectional causal relationship of foreign direct investment and economic growth with stock market capitalization. However, no causal relationship is found in between workers’ remittances and stock market capitalization. It is suggested that investor should not idealize the inflow of workers’ remittances to invest in Asian stock markets in long run. Simultaneously, size of the economy is a better leading indicator for Asian stock markets. On the other hand, inflows of FDI may mislead the investor to invest. Investor should keep on eye whether FDI come in the competition of domestic market or not? If this happens so investor should not invest in the stock market of host country.     

控制权收益的经济学分析

本文从控制权收益的含义对其进行经济学的分析,我们认为现金流权与控制权的偏离,是产生控制权收益的一般原因,控制权收益是一种产权公共领域中的攫取行为。同时,从控制性股东与其它股东的契约博弈看,政府的有效监管以及提高控制性股东掠夺行为的经济成本与法律风险,是抑制控制权收益、保护中小股东等利益相关者的重要手段。     

企业社会互动对资本结构决策的异质性影响： 基于门槛模型的估计策略

内容提要：基于2009—2017年沪深A股非金融上市公司的面板数据,本文构建针对非独立样本的空间门槛模型,使用企业之间的同伴效应表征社会互动,讨论企业资本结构决策的同伴效应特征及其异质性,验证产权归属和企业特征对资本结构决策同伴效应的非线性影响。研究结果表明,企业规模、偿债能力、盈利能力和成长性对其资本结构决策的同伴效应呈现显著的门槛边际变化特征,即企业会根据自身能力调整资本负债;同时,国有企业较非国有企业表现出更明显的正向资本结构决策同伴效应,但二者（同伴效应）的非线性形式存在差异。本文结论将拓展财务决策中同伴效应与空间经济学交叉领域的研究,并且丰富当前企业资本结构决策影响因素及其同伴效应的文献。     

上海股票市场规模效应的实证研究

规模效应是指公司规模与收益率之间存在的反向关系,即小规模公司较大公司而言有着更高的收益率。本文从上海证券市场随机抽取60只股票作为数据样本,对其从2007年1月到2009年6月之间的公司数据进行实证研究,得出上海股市存在着规模效应这一结论。     

Value at risk and return in Chinese and the US stock markets: Double long memory and fractional cointegration

Given that the United States is an engine of global stock market while China is the largest emerging market with a cornucopia of anomalies in particular, it is vital to investigate the risk-return relationship in the two markets. This paper brings new insights not only into risk-return tradeoff, but also to the leverage effect, with the application of the fractionally co-integrated vector auto-regression (FCVAR) model capturing the fractional cointegrated relationship and long memory property. Results show that China stock markets own the property of double long memory but the US markets don’t. Most of all, in the US market, a positive risk-return tradeoff exists for the whole sample while after the crisis, even we find the negative relation, it’s not a volatility feedback effect but low risk and high returns. However, there is only a volatility feedback effect in China stock markets. Besides, there is a leverage effect in the US market, while Chinese market exhibits a reverse one, another anomaly, indicating significant difference in the two markets again.     

监督还是干扰:中小股东积极主义与企业财务风险

本文采用2009至2018年我国A股上市公司数据,实证检验了中小股东参与公司治理对企业财务风险的影响以及相应的作用机理。研究发现,中小股东参与公司治理降低了企业的财务风险。中介效应检验结果表明,中小股东参与公司治理通过监督管理层和约束控股股东影响了企业财务风险。进一步研究发现,相对于其他企业,在信息环境和法律环境较差的企业中,中小股东参与公司治理对财务风险的抑制作用更加显著。本文结论不仅验证了中小股东参与公司治理的有效性,还发现了中小股东积极主义与外部环境的替代效应,为鼓励中小股东参与决策、完善公司治理机制、保护中小投资者利益提供了一定的参考依据。     

知识产权保护与中国工业创新能力

利用省际大中型工业企业面板数据,考察了知识产权保护对我国工业创新能力的影响。结果显示,知识产权保护与新产品和专利产出均存在倒U形关系,但超过95%的样本位于拐点左侧,强化知识产权保护能够加快我国绝大多数地区工业创新能力的提升。同时,知识产权保护对发明专利的促进作用要显著大于实用新型和外观设计专利。对其影响渠道的进一步研究还表明,强化知识产权保护在激励企业自主研发、提高国外技术引进效果、促进FDI知识溢出等均发挥了正向作用,并且知识产权保护对企业自主研发的引致作用在发明专利中尤为明显。本文从多个层面证实了知识产权保护在当前我国工业创新能力特别是核心技术能力提升中的积极作用。     

Time-frequency effect of crude oil and exchange rates on stock markets in BRICS countries: Evidence from wavelet quantile regression analysis

This study examines the effects of oil prices and exchange rates on stock market returns in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, China, India and South Africa) from a time–frequency perspective over the period 2009–2020. We use wavelet decomposition series to develop a threshold rolling window quantile regression to detect time–frequency effects at various scales. The empirical results are as follows. First, our findings confirm that the effects of both crude oil prices and exchange rates on BRICS stock returns are asymmetric. Positive shocks of crude oil have a greater impact on a bull market, whereas negative shocks have a greater impact on a bear market. Second, there is a short-term enhancement effect of crude oil and exchange rate on BRICS stock markets. In addition, volatility in the macro financial environment also exacerbates the impacts of oil prices and exchange rates on the stock market, and these fluctuations are heterogeneous. Overall, these findings provide useful insights for international investors and policy makers.     

最小报价单位、价格水平与流动性——基于上海股市的实证研究

最小报价单位是证券市场交易机制设计的重要组成部分。与许多市场不同 ,我国证券市场采取单一的最小报价单位。本文利用上海股市的高频日内数据 ,对中国证券市场中最小报价单位对不同价格水平股票的流动性的影响进行了实证研究 ,研究结果表明适度提高高价股票的最小报价单位可能通过提高报价深度而促进这类股票的流动性。     

Liquidity and firm value in an emerging market: Nonlinearity,political connections and corporate ownership

This study re-examines the relationship between liquidity and firm value in the emerging stock market of Malaysia, exploring the issues of nonlinearity and moderating variables. Using data for all non-financial firms traded on Bursa Malaysia over the sample period of 2000–2015, the results from the baseline quadratic model suggest stocks must be traded higher than the threshold liquidity level before reaping the benefit of larger firm value. Our key finding of a nonlinear relationship remains robust to alternative liquidity measures and estimation methods, as well as passing a series of endogeneity checks. Using an ideal candidate of lot size reduction for Malaysian stocks in May 2003 as exogenous liquidity shock, we establish the causal effect from liquidity to firm value. Further interaction analyses uncover three important moderating variables in the liquidity-firm value relationship, in which the value impact demands a more liquid market for Malaysian public firms with political connections, higher foreign nominee ownership and higher foreign institutional ownership.     

资本市场开放与企业高质量发展——基于经济效率和可持续发展视角的检验

基于可持续发展视角,以沪深港通交易制度实施为准自然实验,选取2010—2020年沪深A股上市公司数据,考察资本市场开放对企业高质量发展的影响机制。研究发现：沪深港通交易制度的实施提升了企业全要素生产率和ESG水平,促进了企业高质量发展,此结论经过一系列稳健性检验后仍成立;沪深港通交易制度可以通过技术创新效应、内部控制效应及外部监督效应促进企业高质量发展;基于地区制度环境、行业属性及产权性质的异质性检验发现,资本市场开放对制度环境水平较低地区、重污染行业及国有企业高质量发展的促进作用更大。研究为进一步扩大金融高水平对外开放与实现经济高质量发展提供了新证据。