农村房地产抵押贷款的风险及对策

房地产作为农民最大的财富并没有发挥出其财产的最大价值,而且由于房地产的不可移动性、价值的稳定性,使其最适宜抵押,是一种良好的担保财产。但我国农村房地产因缺乏相关政策和立法保障、产权不明晰等原因,致使农村房地产抵押贷款存在极大的风险。通过分析农村房地产抵押贷款存在的问题和风险,并给出相应的对策和建议,从而能够有助于规避和防范农村房地产抵押贷款的风险。     

浅谈房地产抵押估价实践中的风险和防范

房地产估价在获取收益的同时,也承担着风险,如被动风险和主动风险,内部风险源和外部风险源等。目前,很多估价机构最主要的业务之一就是银行的抵押贷款和按揭贷款的抵押物价格评估,此类业务的风险具有一定的滞后性,当房地产市场及信贷市场比较活跃时,人们很可能会忽略其风险的存在,另外,我国经济较长时间内处于上升通道,以市场价值类型进行评估     

房产抵押贷款中常见的风险和对策浅析

住房抵押贷款,是指银行以向贷款者提供大部分购房款项为代价,要求购房者以固定的的收入分期向银行还本付息,并在其所有贷款清偿完之前用其购房契约作为抵押的行为。随着我国市场经济的快速发展和超前消费意识的深入,房地产抵押现象也越来越普遍。本文从房地产抵押贷款的实际出发,结合作者多年的房地产从业经验,对抵押贷款中存在的风险展开论述,同时提出对风险防范的有效对策,希望对行业发展有所帮助。     

关于房地产价格随机波动与评估、抵押风险的研究

本文给出了一个房地产相对价格的分布模型，在此模型的基础上对房地产评估的系统风险和抵押贷款的风险进行了研究。     

个人住房抵押贷款的信用风险探析及防范

美国次级贷风波引发的全球性金融危机对各国经济影响深远.作为风险源头的房地产抵押贷款信用风险控制及影响因素的研究成为社会关注的焦点.文章对我国个人住房抵押贷款中的信用风险分类和引致原因、信用风险信号识别、信用风险的评估等问题进行了探析,并对如何提高我国个人住房抵押贷款信用风险管理水平提出了防范措施和建议,以保障我国经济平稳运行.     

美国次级房贷市场危机及其启示

美国次级债风波给全球金融市场敲响了风险警钟。中国建设银行研究部2007年9月20日发布报告指出,虽然当前我国并没有典型的次级住房抵押贷款市场,但我国住房按揭贷款同样有风险,并正逐步步入违约高风险期。以美国次级抵押贷款危机为鉴,我国要加强房地产贷款管理,加快住房抵押贷款证券化,健全金融机构内控机制。     

房地产抵押贷款证券化浅析

我国房地产抵押贷款难以顺利推进的原因是多方面的,其中银行贷款风险高是主要原因之一。借鉴美国房地产抵押贷款证券化的经验,是加速我国房地产抵押贷款力度、降低金融风险、提高居民购买力的主要途径。     

逆向抵押贷款实施的障碍及应对策略分析

本文介绍了逆向抵押贷款的含义和在中国推行的动力,分析了在推行过程中存在的如房屋价值的评估、金融政策的不完善、我国房地产市场的发展状况、传统观念、逆向抵押贷款参与方之间的关系等影响逆向抵押贷款实施的障碍因素,实施中的障碍因素的应对策略和在我国推行逆向抵押贷款的现实意义。     

商业银行个人住房抵押贷款违约风险管理研究

当住房消费成为新的消费热点后，房地产金融业务的重心也逐渐从房地产开发贷款向个人住房贷款业务转移。任何金融业务的核心问题都是风险问题，个人住房抵押贷款也不例外。本文主要从我国个人住房抵押贷款发展现状出发分析个人住房抵押贷款违约风险原因以及如何更好地完善、提高商业银行防范个人住房抵押贷款违约风险管理水平的对策。     

商业银行个人住房抵押贷款风险及防范

个人住房抵押贷款业务一直被商业银行看作是优质资产,有些商业银行往往忽略其存在的风险,在放贷审核时擅自降低标准,事实上个人住房抵押贷款业务同样存在风险,尤其是近年房地产市场呈现周期性的波动,个人住房抵押贷款业务的潜在风险正在逐渐累积,商业银行资产质量将受到影响并侵害到其权益。本文深入分析了个人住房抵押贷款业务中存在的各类风险,并在此基础上提出一系列切实有效的风险防范措施,以期达到防范风险、促进商业银行快速稳健的发展。     

中小企业贷款利率偏高的理论解释与经验证据

现有贷款定价理论一般认为商业银行应该对中小企业贷款实行高定价以实现当期收益最大化,却对中小企业后续业务价值缺乏考虑。本文认为后续业务价值可以用期权收益表示,进而利用期权定价方法构建了同时考虑当期收益和期权收益的贷款定价模型,并以广东省某股份制商业银行2011年中小企业贷款数据为基础进行了实证应用与比较。分析结果表明,当前市场条件下商业银行没有综合考虑中小企业贷款后期权风险与价值的合理匹配,商业银行对中小企业短期贷款利率水平偏高,而长期贷款又过度集中于传统行业并有定价偏低迹象。总体而言,商业银行高估了中小企业短期贷款风险制定了较高贷款利率,这可能超过了中小企业融资负担承受能力,并进一步阻碍中小企业发展壮大与商业银行后续业务拓展。     

中小企业贷款利率偏高的理论解释与经验证据

现有贷款定价理论一般认为商业银行应该对中小企业贷款实行高定价以实现当期收益最大化,却对中小企业后续业务价值缺乏考虑。本文认为后续业务价值可以用期权收益表示,进而利用期权定价方法构建了同时考虑当期收益和期权收益的贷款定价模型,并以广东省某股份制商业银行2011年中小企业贷款数据为基础进行了实证应用与比较。分析结果表明,当前市场条件下商业银行没有综合考虑中小企业贷款后期权风险与价值的合理匹配,商业银行对中小企业短期贷款利率水平偏高,而长期贷款又过度集中于传统行业并有定价偏低迹象。总体而言,商业银行高估了中小企业短期贷款风险制定了较高贷款利率,这可能超过了中小企业融资负担承受能力,并进一步阻碍中小企业发展壮大与商业银行后续业务拓展。     

Dealing with the bad loans of the Chinese banks

Chinese banks suffer from serious financial fragility manifested by high proportions of nonperforming loans and low capital-adequacy ratios. A key policy introduced recently by the Chinese government to reduce financial risks is the establishment of four asset management companies (AMCs) for dealing with bad loans. Drawing on the experiences of the Resolution Trust Corporation in the United States and bank restructuring in the Central European transition economies, we argue that the original AMC design will not be successful in resolving the existing nonperforming loans, nor will it prevent the creation of new bad loans. We recommend a modification of the current proposal that redefines the relationships between the parent banks and the AMCs by transferring the deposits of problem enterprises along with their nonperforming loans from parent banks to AMCs.     

公办高校财务风险及其防范

从理论上来说公办高校是不会出现财务风险的,但是在公办高校通过向银行借款来解决其发展资金紧缺的情况下,商业贷款的风险就会演变为高校的财务风险。本文从公办高校贷款的需求及其结构和贷款供给的角度,分析了产生财务风险的内因和外因,提出了从宏观和微观两方面来防范贷款风     

Bank capital shocks and portfolio risk: Evidence from Japan

Despite the downward trend of land prices and the ex post low return on real estate loans, Japanese banks increased their lending to the real estate sector during the 1990s. We argue that this phenomenon can be explained by the risk-shifting incentives of banks and discover that banks with low capital-to-asset ratios and low franchise value chose high-risk assets such as real estate loans. Unlike previous studies, we show that the capital–risk relationship is non-linear and changes from positive to negative as franchise value falls. We also find that a capital adequacy requirement did not prevent risk-taking behavior of under-capitalized banks since they then just issued more subordinated debts to meet this requirement. In contrast, government capital injections led banks to reduce risky loans at the margin. Recapitalization by issuing subordinated debts helped banks recover their capital losses and mitigated the credit crunch, but consequently allowed them to increase their exposure to the real estate sector and worsened the bad loan problems.     

Microcredit on a Large Scale: Appraising the Thailand Village Fund

The Thailand village fund (VF) is the second‐largest microcredit scheme in the world. Nearly 80 000 elected local VF committees administer loans that reach 30 percent of all households. The value of VF loans has remained steady since 2006, even without new infusions of government funds, and loans go disproportionately to the poor. Based mainly on a custom‐built survey of over 3000 local VFs conducted in 2010, we evaluate the performance of the VF. As expected, profit rates are hard to model, but our regression analysis shows that loan recovery rates, total lending and the proportion of loans going to the poor are all higher when a VF borrows additional funds from a formal bank and on‐lends to households, as done by one in five VFs. An economic analysis suggests, tentatively, that VF benefits exceed the costs. A financial analysis shows that VFs more than break even, with receipts covering their cash costs. Most VFs are social rather than financial intermediaries; they have little incentive to take risks or to innovate, which explains why VF lending has not kept pace with the growth of the Thai economy.     

知识经济型企业财务评价指标体系的构建与运行

随着知识成为经济生活的主导因素,大量知识经济型企业不断涌现,工业经济时代建立的传统企业财务评价体系受到了严重的挑战。知识经济型企业独有的特点必然对企业财务评价体系产生影响。依据知识经济型企业的特点,知识经济型企业的价值评估是“以人为本的知识管理体制”的多角度评价,财务评价的中心是人力报酬率。文章以此为思路,建立一个与知识经济时代相适应、以人力资本为主导的知识经济型企业财务评价体系。     

物流企业开展融资物流业务的运作模式及风险防范研究

融资物流是客户为了获得银行贷款,利用物流企业的物流信息和物流监管,对其处于流通中的商品、存货进行短期信贷的新的融资方式。作为一项新型业务,融资物流给物流企业带来了与以往不同的风险,认识并控制好这些风险是融资物流业务开展成功的关键。文章从融资物流概念的提出着手,分析了融资物流可运作的模式,即仓单质押、运输在途监管、保兑仓、信用证下货权质押和银行贷款等模式,探讨了物流企业开展融资物流业务存在的风险,并提出了相应的对策。     

Green policy and corporate social responsibility: Empirical analysis of the Green Credit Guidelines in China

In the past four decades, several countries have imposed environmental regulations to enforce green policy and corporate reduction of industrial emissions and waste. Unlike other environmental regulations, China's Green Credit Guidelines internalize firms' environmental risks into a loan channel; firms with high environmental credit risks encounter high barriers to obtaining loans. To investigate whether, and to what extent, this approach promotes corporate social responsibility, we introduce a Modified Environmental, Social, Governance (MESG) index that uses disaggregated firm-level data to measure the level of engagement in corporate social responsibility. We find that, after the promulgation of the Green Credit Guidelines, there was a significant increase in social responsibility in firms restricted by the Guidelines relative to firms not restricted by the Guidelines.