融资模式差异化比较分析--以唐山市科技型中小企业为例

随着经济社会的发展，科技型中小企业在经济发展中的地位日益加重，目前，融资困难问题一直阻碍着我国科技型中小企业的发展。本文主要通过分析唐山市科技型中小企业的融资现状，并对唐山市科技型中小企业的不同融资模式基本特征、优缺点等进行比较分析，最后，提出适合唐山市科技型中小企业发展的创新融资模式。     

科技型中小企业云融资模式研究——以大族激光为例

融资难一直是困扰科技型中小企业发展的重要问题。云融资作为企业融资的新方式,具有低成本、高效率的特点。在借鉴云融资概念和构建云融资体系的基础上,以大族激光为案例,通过研究其云融资的发展过程和体系建立,提出了在科技型中小企业创立期和暂时性资金短缺期应通过内部云和私有云模式进行融资,而在快速成长和发展期则应选择外部云和公有云模式进行融资,同时应根据科技型中小企业发展特点建立适合企业自身的云融资体系。     

科技型中小企业融资需求分析及政府政策供给模式

我国科技型中小企业的发展受到融资困难的严重制约,急需政策的有效支持。基于产品生命周期分析科技型中小型企业经营和发展的规律,指出科技型中小企业的成长阶段及断层,进而分析科技型中小企业融资需求的阶段性差异,提出政府政策供给的优化模式。     

开发性金融的视野:广西科技型中小企业融资新探讨

本文在泛美开发银行提出的开发性金融对中小企业融资的三种主要模式的基础上,结合广西实际,提出适合广西科技型中小企业的广西开发性金融的"两台一会"融资模式,并对融资模式流程中的风险控制和科技型中小企业的信用等级评估等问题进行了探讨.     

科技型中小企业生命周期与融资选择

科技型中小企业的发展在我国经济发展中起着重要作用,但由于科技型中小企业自身的条件束缚及其面临的不利的融资环境,融资成为制约科技型中小企业发展的瓶颈问题。解决科技型中小企业的融资难问题并不能一概而论,不仅应当据其所处不同生命周期阶段的特点制定相应的融资政策,也应当通过政府宏观调控改善融资环境,减轻企业融资压力。科技型中小企业的特征1、科技型中小企业是知识集约高、谋求产品、服务等高附加值的企业。由北京市科委颁发的民营科技认定办法规定:大专以上学历或具有中级以上职称的科技人员占企业职工总数的30%以上,生产型企…     

开发性金融的视野：广西科技型中小企业融资新探讨

本文在泛美开发银行提出的开发性金融对中小企业融资的三种主要模式的基础上，结合广西实际，提出适合广西科技型中小企业的广西开发性金融的“两台一会”融资模式，并对融资模式流程中的风险控制和科技型中小企业的信用等级评估等问题进行了探讨。     

互联网金融背景下杭州科技型中小企业融资模式创新研究

科技型中小企业对我国国民经济的发展起着不可替代的重要作用,但由于科技型中小企业自身基础薄弱、缺乏抵押物等,科技型中小企业很难从传统金融体系中获得融资,而互联网金融的发展能适度解决科技型中小企业融资难的问题。本文以杭州67家科技型中小企业为例,对杭州科技型中小企业的融资模式进行调研分析,并对引入互联网金融进行融资模式创新的三家企业进行案例分析,提出互联网金融背景下科技型中小企业融资模式创新的相关建议。     

浅议京津冀科技协同背景下保定市科技型中小企业融资策略

融资问题是科技型中小企业发展的瓶颈,在京津冀科技协同创新战略背景下,本文对保定市科技型中小企业的融资方式进行调查分析,旨在提出适合保定市科技型中小企业的融资途径。     

优先股扶持科技型中小企业的模式探索

科技型中小企业作为国民经济中一支重要而活跃的力量,对我国保持经济活力、扩大就业、提高效益、优化产业结构、促进技术创新、增强竞争能力、增加出口创汇等都具有极其重要的意义.本文针对当前科技型中小企业在融资和发展中存在的问题,在借鉴国内外理论及实践成果的基础上,提出政府以优先股扶持科技型中小企业的模式构想,试图为政府对科技型中小企业的融资引导和扶持提供一种新的有效思路,使之更有利于科技型中小企业的发展,同时也能够有利于提高政府财政资金的使用效率.     

科技型中小企业财务融资实战研究——基于企业生命周期理论的财务融资策略研究

目前资金缺乏且融资难已成为制约我国科技型中小企业成长的最主要瓶颈。本文将基于科技型中小企业的生命周期理论,从我国企业自身的视角出发,重点研究在企业生命周期的不同发展阶段的财务状况及融资需求,提出与不同阶段相适应的代表性融资实战策略,对解决科技型中小企业融资难的现实问题做出参考。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.