数字普惠金融促进绿色全要素生产率提升:作用机理与实证检验

随着数字中国建设的不断推进，数字普惠金融在贯彻落实新发展理念、促进绿色全要素生产率提升等方面发挥了越来越重要的作用。文章采用2011年—2020年我国30个省、自治区、直辖市的面板数据，运用固定效应模型和中介效应模型研究数字普惠金融对绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究发现：数字普惠金融可以有效促进绿色全要素生产率提升，并且这种促进作用在东部地区和西部地区表现更加明显；数字普惠金融促进绿色全要素生产率提升具有显著的中介效应，数字普惠金融通过技术进步、产业结构升级、技术进步—产业结构升级3种作用渠道提升绿色全要素生产率。因此，今后可从提升区域基础硬件设施水平、普及数字普惠金融理念、培养专业性金融人才等方面入手，进一步推动数字普惠金融发展，进而提升绿色全要素生产率。     

数字经济和实体经济融合对绿色创新的影响

基于我国2011—2020年省际面板数据,在测度数字经济和实体经济融合水平的基础上,实证检验数字经济和实体经济融合对绿色创新的影响和作用机制。研究发现,我国数字经济和实体经济融合水平仍然处于低度融合阶段,分区域来看,我国东部地区的数字经济和实体经济融合水平最高,中部地区次之,东北地区和西部地区较低,由东向西表现为从高到低的融合空间分布格局。实证结果表明,数字经济和实体经济融合对绿色创新具有显著正向影响,提高数字经济和实体经济融合水平有利于促进绿色创新;机制回归结果表明,数字经济和实体经济融合可以通过增大研发投入规模和技术市场交易规模促进绿色创新。异质效应分析表明,数字经济和实体经济融合对绿色创新的促进作用在东部地区最大、中部地区次之,西部地区和东北地区不显著。     

数字经济赋能绿色经济高质量发展的作用机制与路径选择

文章选取2013—2020年中国省级面板数据,分析数字经济对绿色经济高质量发展的影响机制与实现路径。研究发现,数字经济能够有效促进绿色经济高质量发展,其能通过产业结构升级和技术创新两条路径促进绿色经济高质量发展。异质性分析表明：数字经济对绿色经济高质量发展的影响在东部和中部地区显著,在西部和东北地区不显著;在有政策扶持的情况下,数字经济对绿色经济发展的促进作用更大,政策优势能够提升数字经济对绿色经济高质量发展的影响程度。今后应进一步加快数字经济基础设施建设和技术创新,稳步推进区域数字经济协调发展,深化数字经济与绿色经济融合,更好地推动绿色经济高质量发展。     

数字金融对区域绿色创新的空间效应

通过空间相关性检验和构建空间权重矩阵，采用31个省（区、市）的面板数据，运用空间杜宾模型实证分析数字金融对区域绿色创新水平的空间影响效应。结果表明：数字金融能显著促进本区域绿色创新，但抑制周边地区发展，并且两者具有空间聚集性；从异质性分析来看，主要是数字金融使用深度分指数和中部地区的空间效应较为显著。最后提出因地制宜发展数字金融等相关建议。     

金融集聚对绿色经济绩效的影响研究

绿色经济是一种可持续发展的经济增长方式，绿色经济绩效是测度绿色经济发展水平的关键指标。文章选用2007年—2019年我国30个省、自治区、直辖市的面板数据，通过构建空间杜宾模型，测度金融集聚对绿色经济绩效的影响。研究表明：金融集聚对提升绿色经济绩效有显著的促进作用，但对绿色经济绩效的影响存在区域异质性，东、西部地区金融集聚对提升绿色经济绩效有显著的正向影响，中部地区有不显著的负向影响。今后，应继续推动金融高质量发展，努力扩大对外开放，探寻产业结构优化的新方向，并采用更合理的环境规制工具；东中西部地区应从实际出发设定差异化绿色可持续发展目标，充分发挥各自优势，实现区域绿色经济协调发展。     

数字经济、普惠金融与制造高质量发展的关系研究

在对数字经济和制造业高质量发展相关文献进行述评的基础上,基于2011—2021年中国统计年鉴31个(因数据缺失,未包括港澳台地区)省份数据,研究数字经济对制造业高质量发展的影响,通过构建普通面板模型、中介效应模型、面板门槛效应模型和空间杜宾模型等进行分析。结果表明,数字经济正向促进了制造业的高质量发展;在数字经济对制造业高质量发展的推动下,普惠金融起到了关键的中介作用;在不同的经济发展水平下,数字经济对制造业高质量发展存在差异性,这种差异体现在数字经济对制造业高质量发展的促进作用在经济落后的地区体现得更加明显;数字经济对制造业高质量发展具有空间溢出,不仅对本地区具有促进作用,对邻近地区的制造业高质量发展也具有促进作用。     

数字经济、产业结构与区域经济协调发展

新发展阶段下,把握数字经济发展机遇,深化产业结构调整,加快建设现代化产业体系,是促进区域经济协调发展取得新突破的关键。一方面,数字经济能够突破时空限制,推动生产方式变革,提升基本公共服务水平,增强欠发达地区的发展后劲,进而推动区域协调发展;另一方面,数字经济能够加速生产要素在产业之间的流通,利用数字经济技术推动产业结构合理化、高级化,用数字化转型推动区域经济协调发展取得新突破。基于2011—2020年我国省级面板数据进行实证分析,结果表明,数字经济能够有效促进区域经济协调发展,数字经济与产业结构合理化、产业结构高级化的交互作用能够促进区域经济协调发展,且该交互作用均存在显著的门槛效应,数字经济对区域经济协调发展的影响存在非线性特征,在产业结构较为合理和产业结构高级化水平较弱的地区,数字经济对区域经济协调发展的促进作用更加明显,同时在我国南方地区这种促进作用也更加突出。基于以上结论,从加大数字基础设施建设投入、全面推进产业结构转型升级和加强数字经济与产业发展交互融合等方面提出政策建议。     

数字经济对区域创新效率的影响研究——基于省级面板数据的检验分析

文章依据2011—2020年我国30个省份的面板数据，采用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型对30个省份数字经济发展水平进行测算，接着使用三阶段DEA模型对各省份创新效率加以测量，最后运用空间杜宾模型就数字经济对区域创新效率的影响和溢出效应做检验分析。研究发现：发展数字经济对提升区域创新效率影响显著；发展数字经济对区域创新效率的溢出效应为负，即本地区数字经济发展会抑制邻近地区创新效率的提升。上述结论经过内生性和稳健性检验依然成立。据此，各地区在向数字经济转型过程中，应注意区域间数字经济均衡发展，以实现我国整体创新效率最优化，促进经济高质量发展。     

数字经济与共同富裕互动效应研究——基于省级面板数据的PVAR实证分析

利用2013—2021年的省级面板数据，运用PVAR(面板向量自回归)模型探究数字经济与共同富裕动态影响关系，从数字基础设施、产业数字化、数字产业化3个维度分别考察对共同富裕福利性、保障性、发展性3个层面的影响。结果显示：在样本考察期内，中国数字经济与共同富裕发展水平稳步提升，但区域发展不平衡性突出，呈现地区差异化的特征；数字经济与共同富裕发展水平之间存在互动效应关系，数字经济的蓬勃发展，为支持共同富裕提供新的动能；共同富裕的发展间接促进数字产业化的发展；数字经济的发展会在一定程度上提高共同富裕发展性水平，但也会在一定程度上阻碍共同富裕福利性以及保障性水平的提高。根据所得结论，提出完善数字经济基础设施、以数字技术完善城市发展网络、推进数字产业化发展等建议，以促进我国整体共同富裕水平的提升。     

数字经济赋能劳动力高质量就业的影响研究——基于门槛效应的检验

选取2013—2020年省级面板数据,采用熵值法、K-Means聚类分析法对我国数字经济和高质量就业水平进行测度评价,通过面板模型、分维度回归、门槛效应模型,研究数字经济对劳动力高质量就业的影响。研究发现,数字经济和高质量就业水平二者均在时间趋势上呈增长趋势,空间特征上均表现为东部高、中西部低;数字经济有助于促进劳动力高质量就业;信息化发展、数字交易发展、数字金融普惠发展能显著促进劳动力高质量就业,互联网发展对高质量就业的影响不显著;数字经济对劳动力高质量就业的促进作用呈“边际效应”递增的非线性特征;不同地区的数字经济对高质量就业的影响差异显著。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.