信息化视角下的全域旅游

全域旅游是指各行业积极融入其中,各部门齐抓共管,居民共同参与,充分利用目的地全部的吸引物要素,为游客提供全过程、全时空的体验产品,从而全面地满足游客的全方位体验需求①.全域旅游不是简单的旅游发展空间的扩展,而是从景点旅游向全域旅游的发展,是区域旅游发展理念的创新.其核心是全行业中全要素的整合,全过程、全时空的旅游产品的供给以及全方位的游客体验.     

旅游者在西安地区的空间活动特征研究

旅游目的地区域游客的空间运行方式是指游客在旅游目的地区域内旅游线路及景点的选择行为方式,主要体现在目的地区域内旅游客流的流向与流量.本文通过对游客在西安地区的空间流向以及各著名景点流量的研究,揭示游客在旅游目的地区域内的空间运行特征,为优化西安地区旅游空间结构提供依据.     

旅游景区共生形象对游客重游意愿及口碑效应影响的实证研究——以西安曲江唐文化主题景区为例

本文以西安曲江唐文化主题景区形象为实证研究对象,从景区共生形象角度选取了曲江唐文化主题景区内大雁塔和大唐芙蓉园为景区形象生成基础,关联研究了共生景区形象对游客重游意愿及口碑效应的影响,研究结果显示:主题景区旅游形象生成主要受景区内共生景点中历史遗存类景点旅游形象的影响,新建同一主题文化公园对主题景区旅游形象生成也有明显影响,但不如历史遗存类景点旅游形象对主题景区旅游形象生成的影响大;旅游景区共生形象和游客后续行为意图中的重游意愿和口碑效应之间有着正向关系;景区内同一主题共生景点旅游形象对游客重游意愿存在正向的关系,和游客口碑效应(WOM)没有明显的关系。该结果说明了主题景区整体旅游形象是导致游客重返景区和口碑宣传景区的主要原因。     

旅游景区的准入批量与最大容量分析

最近,学者黄羊山在多篇文章中对我国一些标准和规范里的旅游空间容量算法进行了一些探讨,并做出了重要改进。但是,其提出的"取小法"虽然能够保证了游客数不超过景点的容量限制,却没有考虑景点之间距离对容量的影响,且推导过程比较复杂难懂。文章以游客在景区中的移动行为为出发点,将景区旅游线路类比为旅游生产线,利用旅游生产线的平行移动特征,推导出在景区日开放时间内能够准入的游客批数和接待量模型。然后,利用景区内景点游览时间的最大公约数进行景点分解,按照分解后的子景点设置进入批量,从而分别给出了有游览顺序和无游览顺序的旅游高峰期的最大容量计算模型。最后实例计算表明,该方法确实可以在旅游高峰期尽量减少景点闲置提高接待量。     

旅游本地化趋势下居民游客文明行为的养成路径——以邯郸市居民为例

<正>旅游本地化趋势下，居民兼有游客的身份，在居民游客双重文明公约的加持下，学者们开始研究居民游客文明行为的形成机理。文章以“需要—动机—态度—行为意向”为主要框架，通过整合TPB和MOA模型，综合构建居民游客文明旅游行为意向的形成机制模型，并进行理论假设，以河北省邯郸市的居民游客为研究对象，运用SPSS和AMOS统计软件分析各因素及因变量之间的勾稽关系以及中介效应。研究发现：文明旅游行为养成路径上的价值观及心理驱动层面的研究非常重要，居民的主观规范正向影响感知行为控制并进一步影响文明旅游行为意向。     

旅游社区价值空间构成与人群差异

旅游社区是一个多群体介入的场所,景观价值空间的认识有助于理解社区内部不同利益群体闰复杂的行为态度差异,为促进利益群体间的沟通和实施参与式社区规划管理提供理论与方法的新视角.研究援引人与景观交互关系理论,选取秦岭北麓汤峪镇旅游社区为案例地,采用景观价值分析方法与PPGIS技术相结合,考察了社区内三个不同利益群体(当地居民,外来游客和购房业主)景观感知价值的空间构成与分布特征及其差异性,结果表明:(1)人群的感知价值空间呈现非均匀集聚分布特征,在一些特殊场所形成感知的热点.(2)三个群体景观价值感知既有相似性,又表现出显著差异.差异包含空间分布差异和感知强度差异两个方面,反映出三个群体对社区景观的价值赋予与认同有着不同的想象.(3)造成差异的原因多样,既与景观本身的特征有关,又与各群体间与场所互动、情感联结和对功能性场所的依赖需求不同有关.(4)多群体价值空间的叠加分析,可为我们理解社区提供更为丰富的信息.根据三个群体的价值空间构成和分布,可以区分出若干一致性和非一致性区域,两种区域都具有一定的社区规划管理参考意义.     

中国国内游客满意度的内在机理和时空特征

文章基于包含6项结构变量、21项观测变量的游客满意度结构方程模型，利用2010年50个样本城市的23531份国内游客现场调查问卷数据，结合方差分析、CF滤波分析、时间序列模型、Theil指数和Moran’s Ⅰ指数等方法，全面分析旅游形象、游客预期、游客感知质量、游客感知价值、游客满意度和游客忠诚的内在机理和时空特征。研究发现：游客满意度模型的实际拟合效果较好，游客感知质量对游客满意度、游客满意度对未来忠诚度的作用效果较大；2010年全国样本城市国内游客的整体满意度指数为81．13，游客对景点、娱乐、旅游公共服务的评价较高；2010年游客满意度指数具有倒U形的季节规律，同时具有显著的正向空间集聚特征，华东地区已成为国内游客满意度较高城市的集聚区。     

基于新浪微博大数据的旅游流时空特征研究——以兰州市为例

伴随着“互联网+”的普及、智能移动设备的广泛使用,以微博为代表的社交网络位置服务信息逐渐增多,为研究旅游流时空特征提供了新的数据来源和视角.文章利用新浪微博LBS签到数据和核密度估计分析方法,从时空维度对兰州市旅游流特征进行了研究.结果表明:旅游流在时间维度上存在明显的节律性,无论是年变化,还是日变化,均表现出明显的旅游流初现期-高峰期-回落期-休眠期变化特征,季相变化明显,夏半年和冬半年存在较大差异,“双峰”特征显著;日变化呈现偏态“金字塔”形结构特征;在空间维度上,具有典型的“核心(城区)-边缘(周边区域)”结构特征,切合旅游景点和旅游服务接待设施空间分布格局.女性游客签到量大于男性游客,流量变化小于男性;女性游客主要集中在主城区活动,男性游客则偏好户外活动丰富的郊野森林公园.省、内外旅游流在时间维度上存在着明显的“超前-滞后”效应,在空间选择上存在着一定的错位现象.从旅游流活动轨迹来看,表现出明显的“轴线-散点”态势:中山桥-白塔山公园—城隍庙-黄河母亲像-水车博览园为主的“黄河风情线”是主要的轴线,而外围地区主要的景点成为吸引游客的主要“散点”,无论是主城区,还是外围地区,均没有形成闭合的旅游环线.     

旅游者对海岛人口活力的影响——以长海县为例

海岛人口外流现象严峻,导致海岛发展陷入低迷。对于旅游型海岛而言,随着海岛旅游蓬勃发展,旅游者涉入将为海岛增添活力。本文将旅游者滞留时间融入到目的地社会时间系统中,提出旅游人口数与目的地社会年龄的概念与公式。以长海县为例,采用2006—2018年统计数据与2019年调查问卷数据,定量分析旅游者对海岛人口活力的影响。结果表明：（1）旅游人口作为短期流动人口,对旅游目的地人口活力具有明显影响。不仅有助于扩大目的地人口规模,还会暂时改变目的地年龄结构。此外,旅游者登岛后海岛人口活力空间范围更大。（2）将旅游人口考虑在内的目的地社会年龄是旅游目的地人口活力的衡量指标,据此可定量研究旅游者对目的地人口活力的影响,为人口活力研究提出可度量的逻辑途径。（3）一方面,旅游者是海岛人口的实际构成部分,旅游者与海岛居民共同构成海岛人口活力。同时,岛外旅游者个体行为、价值观、生活方式等与当地岛民文化的碰撞过程中,增强海岛人口的精神活力;另一方面,旅游者通过消费活动产生的旅游收入为海岛建设做出贡献,吸引新的旅游者、年轻海岛居民、外来务工人员登岛,间接提升海岛人口活力。     

海岛旅游研究进展与启示——以国际英文期刊载文为例

海岛旅游是国际旅游研究的重要领域,深入分析国际海岛旅游研究的演化脉络和重点领域,对于提升“海洋强国”战略背景下的海岛旅游研究水平,促进双循环发展格局下的产业高质量发展具有重要借鉴意义。以Web of Science^TM为数据源,使用科学计量工具CiteSpace 软件对2000—2019年的1 511篇英文海岛研究文献进行了可视化图谱分析,揭示研究发展脉络与研究热点。结果显示：（1）海岛旅游研究具有显著的阶段性特征,2000年以来可以划分为缓慢发展、稳步发展和快速发展3个阶段,研究内容从关注海岛旅游开发的生态环境影响,逐渐转向海岛旅游地人地关系的和谐发展;（2）国际海岛旅游研究具有市场依赖性和资源依托性特征,研究区域和研究对象大多集中在发达国家或海岛资源丰富国家,三位高引频次最高学者为Gossling、Hall和Scheyvens,发文期刊集中在环境科学与生态学、海洋海岸科学和旅游学3个领域;（3）海岛旅游研究热点主要集中在海岛旅游地资源环境、海岛旅游与全球气候变化、海岛旅游市场、海岛旅游经济影响、海岛旅游社区、海岛游客消费行为、海岛旅游规划与管理、海岛旅游可持续发展等领域。中国海岛旅游研究应在借鉴国际海岛旅游研究方法和成果基础上,完善海岛旅游理论与研究方法,加强海岛旅游资源与环境,海岛可持续旅游,海岛经济与文化影响,海岛游客消费行为等领域的研究。     

基于自发地理信息的旅游地景观关注度研究——以九寨沟为例

自发地理信息作为旅游地理学研究的全新数据源,具有多时间尺度和多级空间尺度的特点。文章以九寨沟为例,通过采集旅游者上传的VGI照片数据,运用核密度估计方法挖掘多种时空尺度下旅游者关注度空间格局及其演化过程;同时,以互联网用户对照片的访问量为权重,进一步描述潜在旅游者的景观关注度。研究表明,旅游者对九寨沟的关注度格局相对稳定,旅游地尺度下的关注热点是树正沟、日则沟两条风景线,则查洼沟仅有少量景段关注度较高;风景线尺度下,树正沟的盆景滩-犀牛海景段,日则沟的诺日朗群海-镜海、珍珠滩瀑布-五花海、熊猫海瀑布-箭竹海景段,则查洼沟的五彩池-长海景段以及景区入口段等,均是旅游者关注度较高的热区;景点尺度下的树正群海、诺日朗群海、珍珠滩、五花海、熊猫海、箭竹海等水景观关注度日益提高,成为九寨沟的核心吸引物,而以藏族文化为主的人文景观关注度较低。研究同时发现,潜在旅游者受到照片上传者引导,其景观关注度格局也表现出层次性。     

The influence of place attachment on the relationship between destination attractiveness and environmentally responsible behavior for island tourism in Penghu,Taiwan

This study examines the causal relationships between place attachment, destination attractiveness and environmentally responsible behavior (ERB), and the mediating effect of place attachment. Four hundred and thirteen tourists were surveyed who had visited the Penghu islands, Taiwan. Structural Equation Modeling was used to determine the relationships among the variables and the mediating effects. Results show that the emotions and feelings (place attachment), which tourists have for Penghu, are positively associated with stronger ERB; the extent of attractiveness of island tourism as perceived by tourists is also positively associated with stronger ERB. A higher level of tourists’ destination attractiveness in regard to island tourism is associated with stronger place attachment; place attachment was found to exert a significant effect in mediating the relationship between destination attractiveness and ERB. The study shows that when island tourists are attracted by and are attached to the destination, they are more likely to exhibit ERB. The study pioneers the integration of all three factors in a sustainable tourism behavior model designed for tourists who stay one night or more at a destination, and tests the hypotheses for the first time in an Asian destination. Management implications and recommendations for the sustainable development of Penghu islands tourism are provided.     

Wellness tourism and spatial stigma: A case study of Bama,China

This study focused on the stigmatisation of an emerging wellness tourism destination due to patient travel for tourism. The concept of spatial stigma was adopted to explore how local residents perceive, experience and manage the particular negative effects of wellness tourism. The study investigated Bama Yao Autonomous County, colloquially known as ‘Bama’, in China, to which many tourists with cancer and other chronic diseases travel. The results showed that the influx of wellness tourists brought significant challenges in this area. The residents reported ambivalent experiences of and feelings about wellness tourism in local communities, and disagreed with the vilification of wellness tourists. However, they were concerned about the potential consequences of wellness tourism. To manage and resist spatial stigma, the residents deliberately separated themselves from the places occupied by wellness tourists. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications of the study are discussed.     

Exploring tourists' perceptions of tourism impacts

Unlike how tourism is viewed by residents, little is known about how tourists feel about tourism in the destination. Nevertheless, studies have shown that tourists' emotional bonds with the destination positively affect their perceptions of and reactions to tourism in the destination. Such emotional bonds often vary based on tourists' previous experience in the destination. Thus, this study explored how tourists' emotional solidarity with residents influences their perceptions of tourism and how first-timers and repeat tourists differ in their views. To this end, 404 responses from South Korean sport tourists were analyzed. Though differences were not evident between first-timers and repeat tourists in their emotional solidarity or attitudes toward tourism, a positive relationship was confirmed between emotional solidarity and perceptions of tourism. The findings suggest that attitudes toward tourism is no longer a construct exclusive to residents and destination managers should also consider tourists' views.     

Destination Image,Novelty, Hedonics,Perceived Value,and Revisiting Behavioral Intention for Island Tourism

This paper examines tourists’ experience of island tourism and investigates the causal relationships between the destination image, novelty, hedonics, perceived value, and revisiting behavioral intention. A total of 355 respondents completed a survey conducted on Green Island (Lyudao in Chinese), Taiwan. Using structural equation modeling, the results of the analysis supported the proposed revisiting behavioral intention model as follows: (1) the destination image had a significant and positive influence on novelty, hedonics, and perceived value; (2) tourists’ perceptions of the novelty of island tourism had a significant and positive influence on hedonics, but the effect on perceived value was insignificant; (3) hedonics had a significant and positive effect on perceived value; and (4) perceived value had a significant and positive influence on revisiting behavioral intentions. The empirical results indicate that the destination image leads to a greater perception of novelty, promotes hedonics and perceived value, and fosters the revisiting behavioral intention in tourists. Managerial implications with regard to island tourism are drawn based on the research findings, and suggestions for future researchers are presented.     

野生动物旅游景区游客情感特征研究——以长隆野生动物世界为例

情感分析已成为大数据文本挖掘领域的热门话题。分析旅游者对野生动物旅游景区的情感,对于理解人与野生动物的互动机制具有重要意义。文章以长隆野生动物世界为例,采用国内旅游社交网站的用户评论文本为数据源,运用内容分析法和情感倾向分析法,在建立野生动物旅游专属词库基础上,从景区体验情感、管理要素认知情感、动物生境感知情感、科普教育互动情感4个角度,分别进行了情感特征词提取、情感值计算、高频词统计和社会语义网络分析。主要研究结论包括:(1)旅游者对长隆野生动物世界的景区体验大多持积极正面情感评价;(2)旅游者对动物生境空间感知情感具有差异性,涉入程度、互动方式、接触距离、游客密度、场地大小等因素都会影响游客时空行为和情感评价;(3)旅游者负面情感较多来自景区管理,主要是承载力超负荷和景区门票偏高;(4)科普教育互动情感中,旅游者较少关注野生动物福祉和负面影响。该研究对其他野生动物旅游景区的管理和营销具有一定的借鉴意义。     

旅游情境下内隐-外显地方依恋模型研究——基于心理学视角

实证主义范式的研究无法解决地方依恋形成心理机制这一理论问题。在当前旅游领域研究中,有关实证研究在地方依恋已经形成的理论预设前提下,通过编制相关量表采用自我报告的方法(问卷调查法)来探讨目的地社区居民和游客地方依恋形成的影响因素及其后果行为。至于这两种依恋有何区别、如何形成以及如何指导相应的依恋行为等相关理论问题却鲜有涉及。该研究回溯到心理学中的依恋理论,构建了旅游情境下的内隐-外显地方依恋模型,并得出以下结论:(1)内部工作模式(依恋表征)原理可用以解释地方依恋形成的心理机制;(2)内部工作模式是由一般依恋表征和特殊依恋表征组成的层级结构,前者指导社区居民依恋的形成,后者指导游客依恋的形成;(3)地方依恋存在内隐和外显两种状态。社区居民依恋由内隐状态激发为外显状态去指导其依恋行为,游客依恋从外显状态内化为内隐状态去指导其依恋行为。     

Perceived Impact of a Naval Base on a Tourism Destination

Perceptions toward tourism development have been explicitly and extensively investigated within the tourism literature. However, there is little study of perceptions toward non-tourism development (NTD) in tourist destinations. NTD in a tourist destination may be unavoidable, because as tourism grows, the destination may need more facilities and infrastructure to meet the needs of tourists and residents. Alternatively, the NTD may not enhance tourism at all, but rather compete for space and human, financial and political resources. The objective of this study is to reveal how residents of a small tourism-oriented island, JeJu Island in South Korea, would perceive NTD and examine ramifications of a naval base for tourism preferences. Residents were clustered into three groups based on their preferences for tourism activity, Tourism Supporters, Tourism Neutrals, and Tourism Opponents. Study results revealed that the three groups differed among socio-demographic variables as well as perceived cultural and local infrastructure impacts of NTD.     

Residents’ Perceptions of the Role of Leisure Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Overall Tourism Development: Case of a Fast-Growing Tourism Destination – Macao

The previous literature has examined leisure satisfaction and quality of life but majority of studies were conducted in Western countries. Policy makers worldwide have struggled to balance residents’ leisure satisfaction and tourism development. This study is conducted in Macao, China, a fast-growing tourism destination in Asia. Results indicated that local residents’ leisure satisfaction is positively related to their perceived quality of life while local residents’ perceived quality of life is positively associated with their evaluation of the perceived benefits of tourism. The results generated from that evaluation positively lead to residents’ support of tourism development. Results indicated that it is worthwhile for the policy makers to invest resources in local residents’ leisure satisfaction and quality of life since this will eventually help to support tourism development. The results of this study provide significant implications for policy makers.