西南欠发达地区畜牧业发展与生态环境保护现状分析——以云南省为例

以云南省畜牧业生产及资源供给在"十一五"期间的发展情况为例,分析西南欠发达地区畜牧业与生态环境保护的现状和问题,指出我国西南地区资源丰富但数量不足,畜牧业赖以支撑的生态资源已经过载,畜牧业总体生产力水平低下,畜牧业排放对环境的压力日趋增大,需要调整畜禽饲养量和种群结构;加强政策、舆论导向,支持环境促进型经济发展模式;增加集约化养殖程度、提高生产力水平;加快技术变革,实现增产、减排目标等多方面支持生态环境保护和畜牧业持续发展。     

我国工业企业绿色创新效率评价

绿色创新有助于实现我国经济的可持续发展。作为经济发展的重要参与主体,工业企业绿色创新效率的提升,有助于实现我国工业的绿色转型。本文采用面板时变随机前沿模型测算了2013—2017年我国各省份工业企业的绿色创新效率。研究发现：自2013年以来,我国工业企业的绿色创新水平不断得到改善;创新效率呈现出时变特征,整体随时间变化而不断优化;分地区看,各省份存在经济发展与环境管理责任的相机决策;分区域看,东中西三大地区存在一定的创新差距,但呈现出收敛趋势。     

环境资源视角下西藏农牧民反贫困研究

贫困是伴随着人类发展而产生的一种社会经济现象,普遍发生在世界上所有的国家地区或民族中.西藏是中国西部自然条件恶劣、人类生存难度大、少数民族人口比重最高、贫困现象最严重的地区之一.切实改善西藏生态环境,解决农牧民的贫困问题,不仅是经济社会问题,更是重大的政治问题.如若不能很好解决,会严重影响西藏人与自然、经济社会与生态环境的可持续发展.本文通过对西藏环境资源与农牧民贫困关系的研究,认为恶劣的环境条件是导致西藏农牧民贫困的重要原因,对如何在保护生态环境基础上将西藏丰富的资源优势转化为现实的经济优势,实现农牧民的脱贫致富提出对策和建议.     

文化景观保护的环境哲学溯源

围绕社会主义生态文明建设之核心，从形而上的环 境哲学自然价值观以及哲学伦理学、政治学、社会学视角，分 析人类中心主义与非人类中心主义的环境立场，揭示生态环境 问题背后的价值根源及环境政策产生的政治、经济、社会基 础。总结了环境哲学与自然和文化遗产保护发展的关联性及其 4个阶段，呼吁增强中国哲学主体性自觉，立足中国国情、尊 重历史文脉，建立中国特色的文化景观保护体系。     

How does environmental quality perception influence people's fertility intention? Evidence from China

The ongoing population aging and few children are major challenges for human sustainable development in the 21st century. While the external environment is a crucial factor determining people's behaviour, the potential effects of subjective environmental quality on an individual's fertility decision-making remain poorly understood. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey, this research has examined the relationship between environmental quality perception and fertility intention in China. Results reveal that an increase in environmental quality perception can significantly promote people's fertility intention. Our study proposes and verifies two pathways through which environmental quality perception affects fertility intention, namely, well-being and future expectation. This facilitating effect is greater for people with poor socio-economic conditions. The findings indicate that policymakers should coordinate environmental protection and population policies to promote sustainable development and design various tools targeted based on people's socio-economic background.     

论内资“BOT”方式及其在西部大开发中环境基础设施建设领域的应用

随着经济的发展,环境问题已经成为影响我国人民生命健康和经济可持续发展的重要因素。在西部大开发过程中,我国西部业已十分脆弱的生态环境将面临比世界其他国家和地区更为严峻的环境形势。为尊重自然、保护自然,建立人与自然的和谐共处、协调发展的关系,充分利用国内私人资本在西部环境基础设施领域的投资,在保护环境的同时拉动内需、实现西部经济可持续发展中,“BOT”投融资方式的应用无疑是上上之选。     

东莞市环境经济系统的能值分析

以能值理论与方法为基础,采用不同的能值指标和系统可持续性的综合性指标对东莞市的环境及经济发展状况进行分析,并与其他国家和地区相应指标进行比较,评价东莞市城市生态系统自然环境和社会经济可持续发展的状况。结果表明,东莞市全年利用总能值比较丰富,但经济发展程度与发达国家和地区相比还有一定差距,经济发展主要依赖外界的支持;东莞市自身环境资源相对匮乏,环境压力较大,远远超过了系统的环境承载力,东莞市可持续发展水平较低。结合东莞市实际,从能值分析角度提出其实施可持续发展的对策建议。     

基于能值分析的长株潭城市群生态经济系统演变态势分析

采用能值理论与分析方法,研究2000-2009年长株潭城市群生态经济系统的能值流量,社会经济自然子系统各能值指标和可持续发展指数的变化趋势。结果表明：长株潭城市群生态经济系统正处于中级发展水平,经济发展主要依赖本地资源,外界输入能值逐渐增加,经济开发强度不断扩大,工业化和信息化水平飞速提高,但能源生产和利用的效率呈现下降的趋势,环境负荷率不断增大,系统呈现不可持续的发展趋势。根据此结果提出了长株潭城市群生态经济系统的发展对策,以便转变经济发展方式,提高经济社会发展与自然生态环境的和谐程度,促进结构的稳定性,功能的高效性及发展的持续性的“三位一体”,使其进入良性健康的发展轨道。     

论区域可持续发展的自然资源与环境观——以宁波为例

人口问题、资源问题、环境问题以及经济社会发展问题是当今世界人们日益关注的四大问题。如何寻求人口、资源、环境与经济的持续协调发展正成为各个国家和地区所关注的核心问题。本文侧重从区域可持续发展角度来分析自然资源和环境问题 ,并结合宁波市的区域可持续发展战略 ,提出相应对策。     

The forms of ecological logistics and its relationship under the globalization

The logistics system is a complex ecosystem. Ecological logistics （EL） is development trend of modern logistics, and of important practical significance. Effective use of resources and environmental protection should be put in the top position of logistics development. To strengthen research on logistics ecologization and realize ecological and analyzes their relationship.     

区域持续发展的因素分析与主要对策

持续发展是解决当今全球性PRED问题的基本原则和社会经济发展的最终目标．已得到各国政府、社会工作者的普遍关注。区域持续发展是区域发展的最理想境界，其主要目标是区域的社会、经济和生态可持续发展。它受到多种因素的制约．如资源短缺、环境压力、区域不平等、增长的质量、人口压力、科技水平和管理、决策水平等。针对我国国情．提出区域持续发展的主要对策：加强基础设施的建设：建立资源节约型国民经济体系；加快科技进步：控制人口数量，提高人口素质；加强区域协调．实行对外开放；加强环境保护和整治：加强法制及组织管理。     

中国生态环境保护的制度供给及其政策取向

中国生态环境的基本态势是生态环境有所改善,但局部生态环境仍有恶化的趋势。为了提高经济发展的质量,实现可持续发展,在中国未来的经济发展过程中,生态环境保护的制度供给和政策取向是在基础性的制度供给方面建立"经济发展成本内生"的生态经济模式,建立质量型低成本运行的国民经济体系,完善可持续发展的政策体系。     

Environment investment： transition from end-investment to multi-investment

Environmental investment must change its direction from end-investment to multi-investment, such as ecological construction, recycling economy and environmental protection. Only it can meet the needs of breaking the bottleneck of resources and environment for Chinese sustainable development. And the transition can hero us realize low-ost and highspeedy increasing of economy, as well as the construction of ecological health, beautiful environment economic development and harmonious new society. Material recycling in ecosystem can run well by self-organization and self-regulation by nature with low-cost and even non-cost. So, the environmental investment in ecological construction should be the profits maximum investment. But it needs country＇s support in financial policy on ecological or environmental compensation. Recycling economy is a brand-new pattern of economic growth, which formed gradually in the course of mankind exploring and practicing sustainable development. Fountainhead prevention, reducing and whole processing control are its significant characteristics, which are digerent from any former economic and environmental protection system. Investing in technology development and relevant industry of recycling economy should be the other major field of environment investment in China in the future.     

中国经济增长与环境污染关系的研究——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线的实证分析

基于环境库兹涅茨曲线理论的面板数据分析模型,并考虑了人口密度、环保政策、贸易开放度、技术进步、产业结构在内的其他因素对SO2排放量的影响,选取全国30个省、自治区、直辖市2004—2011年这8年的面板数据,对我国经济增长与环境污染指标SO2排放量之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,与倒U型的环境库兹涅茨曲线不同,我国人均GDP与人均SO2排放量存在倒N型关系。并结合控制变量对环境作用的正负效应提出了有助于降低SO2排放量、改善环境质量的针对性的政策建议。     

Employment and Environment in a Sustainable Europe

major challenges in Europe. The EuropeanTreaties require an integration of environmental, economic and social policies in orderto allow for a Sustainable Development. This is of special importance for the linkbetween environmental and employment policy. This paper starts with a definition of thethree pillars of sustainable development, the viability (resilience) of environmental, economicand social systems. With regard to economic development and the social field,these objectives are relatively easy to operationalise: GDP and employment are generallyused headline indicators of sustainable development. The total material input into aneconomy can be seen as an indicator showing the environmental impact.This view brings about major challenges for economic theory:We include the total material input along with resource productivities to describe, explainand evaluate possible developments of economic and environmental variables.With the help of the results from a German research project weshow the relationships between the indicators, the productivities and how they can beinfluenced by policy measures. The simulation results indicate the possibility ofwin-win situations concerning the environment and employment. Additionally, we investigatewhether the developed minimum conditions of sustainable development are valid for Austria.     

Quantitative evaluation of sustainable development based on ecological footprint method: a case study of Tianjin

Since the concept of sustainable development emerged in the late 1980s, more and more countries and regions have been utilizing sustainable development as their developing strategy. But decades have passed without any effective methods available to quantitatively assess sustainable development, Since the ecological footprint evaluation method initiated in 1992, it has become popular in quantitative assessment of sustainable development because of its convenience, easy-understanding, and reliability. As one of the biggest coastal cities in north China and the economic center of the Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin's gross domestic product (GDP) was 369.762 billion yuan in 2005, accounting for 2.0% of the whole nation's GDP The paper analyzes Tianjin's development with the ecological footprint method, and the results show that Tianjin's ecological footprint and biocapacity in 2005 were 2. 507gha/cap and 0.276gha/cap respectively. The ecological deficit was 2.230gha/cap. And from 1980 to 2005, Tianjin's ecological deficit per 104 yuan GDP decreased; while per capita ecological deficit has been tending to increase rapidly in recent years. All these results demonstrate that Tianjin is in a state of unsustainable development.     

Sources of economic growth in China from 2000–2013 and its further sustainable growth path: A three-hierarchy meta-frontier data envelopment analysis

This study, which considers both energy input and CO₂ emissions, develops both theoretical and empirical models to account for the sources of China's economic growth from 2000–2013. The proposed models decompose China's economic growth into five components: the technological change effect, the industrial structure effect, the regional balance development effect, the management effect, and the production factors effect. The empirical results show that during the sample period, the production factors effect increased from approximately 70% in 2001 to nearly 99% in 2010, indicating that economic growth in Mainland China relied heavily on factor accumulation, which was not sustainable. Fortunately, this situation has gradually improved since 2011 because of technological progress and industrial structure optimization. However, the current total-factor productivity in Mainland China remains relatively low because of an inefficient industrial structure, regional balance development, and management inefficiency. In other words, there is a great deal of room for further industrial structural optimization, regional balance development, and management improvement to realize further sustainable economic growth. Because the causes of total-factor production inefficiency and the distribution of economic growth potential show a distinct spatial difference, the focuses for the Chinese provinces to achieve sustainable economic growth should be quite different in the future. Based on the results of this study, recommendations have been made for the Chinese provinces to realize further sustainable economic growth.     

Recent developments in China's labor market: Labor shortage,rising wages and their implications

China's abundant supply of cheap labor has played an important role in its remarkable economic and social development. Recently, however, China has experienced a labor shortage and rising wages, implying that the country's long‐lasting competitive advantage based on its “unlimited” labor supply and low costs is vanishing. We find that structural demographic changes, regional economic growth disparities and the household registration system may have caused the labor shortage. Furthermore, China's continued low wages, relatively low labor share of gross national income, declining proportion of household consumption to GDP , and productivity improvements as well as increasing unit labor costs can be used to explain the recent wage increases. The dramatic development of its labor market signals that China is entering a new stage of economic development. The country's prior successful model of economic development needs to be adjusted to adapt to the new situation in its labor market to achieve sustainable economic development.     

Socioeconomic value of religion and the impacts of ideological change in China

Ideology is a primary factor that influences socioeconomic development and social stability, particularly in rapidly changing developing countries such as China. To understand the socioeconomic value of ideology during China's recent history, and the impacts of ideological change, I evaluated the potential links with socioeconomic development by presenting a historical perspective on the changing Chinese ideology. Since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, China has followed a bumpy road created by the contradiction between official government atheism, the lack of an ideology with a strong ethical grounding, and the desire of many people to believe in a higher power (i.e., a divinity). This contradiction may have increased social transaction costs, decreased social stability and economic efficiency, and damaged environmental conservation. Although China has experienced an extraordinary economic boom in the past three decades, the socioeconomic system may be more fragile than is commonly believed because it has been undermined by this ideological confusion. To promote sustainable socioeconomic development, China's government, scientists, and citizens should seek a new ideology that accommodates the desire for more religious freedom by promoting prosocial institutional reform.     

A cost-benefit analysis for the economic growth in China

Currently, traditional development issues such as income inequality, depletion of natural resources, environmental pollution as well as retardation of infrastructure have occurred in China. In the future, more pressures would be imposed on China by the continuous fast development of industrialization, and with transfer of the world manufacture center to China. Sustainable development, including its economic, environmental and social elements, is a key goal of decisionmakers. This paper develops a methodology on cost benefit analysis of economic growth at macroscopic level to identify issues of China's sustainability. In order to address some important issues on how to make policies to improve the quality of economic growth, the CBA framework developed in this study analyses economic-ecological-social interaction, building three accounts that reflect three dimensions of sustainable development that includes 26 sub-models in all, and finally is integrated into an index as Net Progress Proceeds (NPP). The estimation methods of these submodels, such as cost of environmental pollution, depletion of natural resources and defensive expenditures are described in detail. Based on the framework and methods, this paper examines the costs and benefits of economic growth in three aspects of economy, ecology and society. The results illustrate that NPR of China's economic growth had been negative for a long time and has just became positive since year 2000 but was quite low. Even the best was only 1.6% in 2002 (the worst was − 24.2% in 1982). Based on the comparison between three accounts, we can draw a conclusion that ecological cost is the dominant factor that affects China's NPR. The empirical results show that if no other innovative measures or policies are taken in the future the costs of growth would outweigh its benefits, resulting in un-sustainability. Basically, the long-term economic growth would be unsustainable due to increasing environmental damage and depletion of natural resources. There are a few limitations that we consider need to be improved in our CBA framework and method, nevertheless they have many options that can be explored by policy makers, to make the development path more sustainable.