我国纺织品服装知识产权纠纷特征分析

随着发达国家在一些传统制造领域的优势渐失,知识产权争端形式已成为收复市场的一种重要的非贸易手段。我国纺织服装企业目前也面临着知识产权侵权困扰,侵权和被侵权都比较严重。本文重点分析了自2005年以来我国纺织品服装知识产权纠纷的典型案例,从知识产权纠纷的趋势、纠纷涉及的主要品牌、纠纷的国别关系、服装类别,纠纷的类型等角度分析纺织品服装知识产权纠纷的特征。     

企业专利侵权判定方法及应对策略研究

正在市场竞争日趋激烈的今天,随着专利成为现代企业应对激烈竞争的必要手段,专利战逐渐成为商战的主题,与专利有关的纠纷呈扩大化趋势,专利侵权诉讼案件日趋增多。企业在生产、经营和管理活动中,面临着专利侵权与被侵权的双重风险,如果缺乏相关知识和经验,难免会在指控侵权或被控侵权时陷入不利局面,甚至造成不必要的损失,企业需要正视现实,主动防范,     

警惕海外业务知识产权风险 加快布局知识产权竞争资源

中国石油企业随着海外业务的快速拓展,面临的知识产权形势更趋复杂和严峻,采用技术标准的侵权、被诉知识产权侵权、海外参展被控知识产权侵权、核心优势技术流失、海外合资并购中的知识产权风险以及以专利侵权为由的美国＂337调查＂等风险易发且影响较大。知识产权风险的直接诱因甚至决定因素越来越多地源于市场竞争、投机行为等,有必要及时研判知识产权风险新形势,及早采取应对和防控措施。建议：1）系统筹划实施海外知识产权发展战略和行动计划,加快部署海外知识产权资源;2）对现阶段知识产权风险较高的业务和经营活动开展风险管控;3）加强对国际石油公司知识产权运用策略的研究。     

行业协会在涉外商标诉讼中大有可为

随着世界经济一体化进程的加快,越来越多的中国企业走向世界,拥有中国商标品牌的商品也大量涌入世界市场,与各种各样的“洋品牌”展开竞争。在发展中国家自主品牌的过程中,国际贸易摩擦和知识产权纠纷特别是商标争端不可避免。但是我国企业无论在资金实力、科技研发水平、管理能力方面还是在知识产权和法律应用水平方面,与国外跨国公司差距悬殊,从而造成我国企业在涉外知识产权诉讼中频频失利。     

企业诉讼与诉讼管理

电力企业进入市场后，受政府、市场的约束日趋强化，市场竞争逐步加剧，其内部经营管理的不适应必须外化为企业商业化运营的缺陷。这种内部错轨与外部缺陷，一旦激化，便形成利益冲突，即纠纷或诉讼。因此，转轨期间电力企业加强诉讼与诉讼管理是非常重要的。诉讼与诉讼管理是企业法制化管理的重要组成部分。企业法制化管理的核心内容是企业依法生产、依法经营、依法管理。在市场经济条件下，电力企业与客户法律地位平等、权利与义务对等，电力交易严守法律法规与市场规则，电力企业间竞争也是如此。市场有交易就有纠纷，有纠纷就有诉。诉讼…     

当前经济形势下的企业知识产权战略优化研究

我国加入WTO后,随着贸易壁垒和行政壁垒的逐渐消失,国外企业纷纷运用专利构筑技术壁垒来限制我国企业产品进入国际市场.欧美等创新型国家已拥有较完善的知识产权制度,为维护其市场地位和经济利益势必要运用知识产权来打压中国企业.我国企业要认清形势,积极学习借鉴外国企业知识产权战略,研究制定本企业知识产权战略,加快培育拥有自主知识产权的关键技术、知名品牌,增强企业市场竞争力,主动参与国际竞争,进而增强国家核心竞争力.     

商标侵权案件中被控侵权者合法来源抗辩的认定

一、问题提出:被控商标侵权人多为终端销售商近年来,商标侵权诉讼的新动向是商标权人出于种种考量,并不起诉侵权商品源头的生产商,而是直接起诉大量位于侵权链条终端的销售商。个中原因在于,随着我国知识产权司法保护力度的不断加大,侵害商标权的生产商采用的制假、傍名牌等侵权手段和方法越来越隐蔽,使得权利人在侵权商品没有进入零售市场前,很难发     

方制药专利侵权案件中热点法律问题研究——伊莱利利公司诉江苏豪森药业公司“奥氮平”专利侵权案实证分析

本文用案例分析的手法通过对伊莱利利公司诉江苏豪森药业股份有限公司专利侵权案的分析，探讨仿制药企业如何在知识产权的诉讼纠纷中有理有据地维护自身利益，同时增强知识产权意识，对抗国际药企滥用知识产权的恶性竞争行为。     

中国企业面临知识产权危机

我国加入世界贸易组织后,巨大的市场进一步开放,市场竞争规则日益与国际接轨,越来越多的国外大型企业,凭借丰富的知识产权经验和强大的知识产权优势,向国内企业发出颇具威慑的挑战。有关专家指出,与各种贸易壁垒不同,知识产权和知识产权保护是一条“软索”,巧妙地运用它,能有效绊住竞争对手,赢得主动。国内企业必须抓紧时间研究对策.争取把这根“软索”握在自己手中。     

今天,你申请专利了吗?

4月26日是世界知识产权日。有关专家介绍,本世纪,一个国家的成功不一定完全依赖于天赐运气———土地、劳动力和资金的占有。创造创新成了推动全球经济发展的新动力。一个国家的繁荣昌盛越发地取决于其开发和知识宝藏的政策,而这一政策是建立在有效的知识产权制度基础上的。历年历届的世界知识产权大会议备受世界瞩目,今年,这个话题再次变得炙手可热。知识产权风波不断中国企业频遭专利瓶颈近来有关知识产权的纠纷不断,相关报道纷纷见诸报端:先是在今年年初思科状告华为软件和专利侵权在坊间传得沸沸扬扬;其次是美国高通声称拥有TD-SCTMA…     

Patent protection through discriminatory exclusion of imports

Section 337 of the U.S. Tariff Act empowers the ITC to order the exclusion of imported products found to infringe a U.S. intellectual property right. The EC and other countries have charged that section 337 and its procedures create discrimination, by offering stronger protection in the U.S. market against infringement by foreign products than by domestic. The EC's policy towards gray market imports has a similar discriminatory flavor. This paper analyzes the economic costs to the home country implicit in such discriminatory protection of intellectual property. Excluding infringing imports when their true costs are lower results in the domestic market being served by higher cost production. Moreover, tolerating infringement by domestic products dilutes the gains accruing to a patent holder when imports are excluded. The upshot is that for plausible assumptions about cost differences internationally and about the scope for domestic infringement, discriminatory exclusion of imports can be an expensive way to protect intellectual property. Other mechanisms can reward innovators in a more efficient manner.Associate Professor of Economics, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057. For helpful discussions and comments I wish to thank John Barton, Jonathan Eaton, Maxim Engers, David Malueg, and Martin Richardson.     

私有协议与标准化的知识产权政策

在对电信市场的网络效果、转换成本以及标准经济性质分析的基础上,本文探讨厂商在私有协议、产业标准化和机构标准化竞争中采取的知识产权政策。在ICT市场里,市场选择决定胜出的私有协议,厂商采取的基本策略是先松后紧的知识产权政策。产业联盟的厂商在产业标准化上既竞争又合作,他们都试图运用有效的知识产权政策和市场策略赢得标准谈判更大的筹码。在机构标准化竞赛中,厂商会采取适度温和的知识产权渗透政策和“脚踏两只船”的风险分散策略。中国厂商相应采取科学的知识产权政策对于赢得私有协议和标准化起着关键性作用。     

基于市场契约城市社区物业纠纷的经济学解释及其预防机制构建

城市社区物业纠纷严重影响社会和谐与稳定。物业公司与业主之间市场交换活动,实质是一种市场契约的缔结、达成过程,二者是基于经济利益的市场契约关系。城市社区物业纠纷的经济学解释是,物业公司与业主市场契约缔结、达成过程中,双方实际市场地位不对等,物业公司强势垄断,业主缺乏投票选择权,政府隐形价格规制与物业公司形成利益同盟,业主集体维权遭遇＂搭便车＂。构建城市社区物业纠纷预防机制,从源头上防范物业纠纷发生,必须通过立法赋予业主更多权利,健全物业公司退出机制,建立业主集体维权激励机制,完善市场契约治理机制有效运行的制度基础,才能实现城市社区和谐、稳定。     

知识产权对石油企业低碳发展的影响及启示

应对气候变化被认为是当前国际社会面临的紧迫挑战,国际公约确定的减排目标及有关减排制度给发展中国家带来了很大压力。通过联合国气候变化框架公约(UNFCCC)国际合作机制,推进低碳技术开发和转移,是发展中国家低碳经济取得快速发展的前提和基础。但知识产权保护对于控制了大部分低碳技术知识产权的发达国家来说,意味着财富的源泉,对于需要先进低碳技术进行减排的发展中国家而言却是致命的瓶颈。在此形势下,为保持和提高企业竞争力、加快低碳发展,中国石油企业除应加大自主研发力度、急起直追外,还需积极应对现有的知识产权制度,为获得低碳领域的先进技术创造条件。     

高油价均衡下中国与中东产油国的石油合作

石油产权转移改变了国际油价的长周期波动,也使国际油价在新世纪进入了相对稳定的高油价均衡时期。在高油价均衡下,中东部分产油国根据国际能源环境的新变化调整了本国的石油政策。虽然中国石油企业未来＂走出去＂的难度将会不断增大,但如能把握中东产油国石油政策调整的机会,双方仍可在石油上下游领域找到许多合作空间。中东地区局势错综复杂,中国石油企业在与中东产油国开展合作时,应加强对中东地缘政治的解读。     

Concentration in ownership of plant variety rights: some implications for developing countries

This paper explores concentration levels in the ownership of intellectual property rights over plant varieties worldwide. An analysis of data for 30 UPOV member-countries shows a high degree of concentration in the ownership of plant variety rights for six major crops at the national level in the developed world. Much of this concentration has arisen owing to the rapid consolidation of the seed industry through mergers and acquisitions, especially in the 1990s. A high degree of concentration in the ownership of plant variety rights, in combination with recent efforts to strengthen plant variety protection regimes, is likely to have significant effects on the prospects for future innovation in plant breeding and the distribution of market power between companies. For developing countries, concentration in intellectual property right ownership may have important implications for the structure of domestic seed industries and access to protected varieties and associated plant breeding technologies. These implications for developing countries are likely to become apparent in the context of the rapid spread of plant variety protection and access legislation, emerging changes in the international exchange regime for plant material and liberalised investment policies permitting foreign investment in the seeds sector.     

Pursuing justice or protecting local firms? Shenzhen courts move beyond judicial local protectionism

Emerging economies represent a vivid market for firms worldwide who are massively investing in R&D. This tendency is generating an increase in the number of intellectual property (IP) registrations and is expanding the markets for IP. However, emerging economies tend to show unfair judicial systems, being unable to ensure IP rights protection, and to allow companies to benefit from their inventions. China is one of the most important emerging economies, and both domestic and foreign companies are investing a considerable amount of money in R&D and IP activities, especially in innovative cities such as Shenzhen. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the Chinese judicial system, using the city of Shenzhen as our empirical context, is fair in protecting IP rights. We use data about IP litigations from 2014 to 2016, targeting the three most relevant outcomes: settlement, judgment, and the amount of damage awards recognized by the court. The study shows no evidence that Shenzhen courts rule in favor of local firms, and the findings show consistency regarding settlement, the winning probability in judgment, and amount of damage awards. Accordingly, we derive managerial implications demonstrating that Shenzhen is a very international arena and firms act following the classic strategic theories of innovation appropriation.     

国际贸易中的知识产权滥用及其表现形式论析

在国际贸易中,因知识产权滥用而导致的知识产权纠纷时有发生。我国学者对知识产权滥用这一问题的认识并不一致,主要有否定说、狭义说和广义说三种代表性观点。在广义理解的基础上,对我国企业在对外贸易中遭遇的知识产权滥用的具体表现形式进行了简要的归纳和分析。     

Efficient division of profits from complementary innovations

Many products—including microprocessors, telecommunications devices, computer software, and on-line auction services—make use of multiple technologies, each of which is essential to make or sell the product. The owner of one technology benefits from the existence of complementary technologies. We show that, despite this externality, the structure of payoffs that support efficient R&D investment by duopolists racing to discover a single innovation generalizes to the structure that supports efficient investment for complementary innovations. The paper also examines how alternative intellectual property regimes and legal institutions affect R&D investment in complementary technologies. The results have policy implications for the organization of R&D, the assessment of damages for patent infringement, and allocations of value in patent pools.