我国中小企业融资问题研究——基于内生化企业规模和抵押品价值模型视界

本文在内生化企业规模和抵押品价值模型基础上对在激励相容和信贷配给条件下银行和贷款企业行为进行分析。研究表明：抵押品价值过高是当前我国中小企业融资难的主要原因,一方面银行在信贷配给条件下通过抵押品价值限制许多中小企业进入信贷市场;另一方面因为抵押品价值过高,许多中小企业降低了对低风险项目的贷款意愿。     

我国农村地区信贷配给问题及对策研究

我国农村金融存在着信贷配给现象,尤其以农户和中小企业贷款难最为突出,资金短缺已成为农村经济发展的"瓶颈"。信贷配给的存在既有农户和农村中小企业自身的原因,也与我国农村金融市场风险补偿机制的缺失有关。通过构建信贷配给模型,分析不完全信息条件下我国农村金融存在信贷配给的主要原因,提出了农村金融组织创新、完善农村金融机构的风险补偿分担机制、完善农村信用环境建设等对策建议。     

企业家能力与中小企业信贷融资问题探讨

针对中小企业的信贷融资难问题,从企业家能力的视角出发,以信贷配给模型为基础,考察企业家能力对中小企业信贷融资的影响。理论分析发现,对企业而言,企业家能力有利于提高中小企业的融资效率、降低融资成本、增大融资可获性以及降低银行对企业的抵押担保要求。对银行而言,企业家能力有助于减轻银企之间信息不对称给银行带来的监管难度,降低银行的授信风险。最后,在此基础上提出解决中小企业信贷融资问题更有效的方法。     

抵押品约束与中小企业信贷配给问题及其对策

抵押品要求是银行在信息不对称条件下规避信贷风险的理性选择,但同时也是许多中小企业受到信贷配给的主要原因。霍姆斯特朗一泰勒尔的道德风险模型揭示了抵押品约束导致我国中小企业信贷配给以及市场效率的损失。第三方信用担保机制和关系型贷款机制有助于缓解中小企业信贷配给程度、提高信贷市场效率。     

信贷配给与中小企业融资困境分析

本文通过中小企业信贷配给产生的原因和影响因素分析,得出信贷配给带来中小企业融资困境的结论,提出解决信贷配给的建议。     

企业家能力与中小企业信贷融资可获性理论与模型分析

中小企业普遍存在信贷融资抑制或者信贷配给问题。通过将企业家能力纳入中小企业信贷融资决策的评价指标体系,可以完善中小企业的信贷融资技术,在一定程度上缓解中小企业融资难题。本文从理论和模型两个层面对此分析,提出了相应的操作建议。     

农村中小企业金融市场的信贷配给问题及治理研究

本文以金融市场的信息不对称理论为切入点,在分析农村中小企业金融市场信贷配给形成的宏观与微观机理的基础上,认为信贷配给问题正是农村中小企业融资困境产生的根本原因,其治理思路是建立商业银行与担保机构之间的银保协作机制.本文从组织基础、风险分担、战略合作、信贷运作、金融生态五个层面出发,提出了建立银保协作机制的对策及建议.     

中小企业的信贷配给与关系型融资

<正>一、关系型融资的涵义中小企业融资难问题是制约中小企业发展的一个主要问题。这就是我国中小企业信贷市场存在的一个严重的问题——信贷配给现象,中小企业成为银行配给的对象,无法获得足够的贷款。     

不完全信息条件下零售信贷配给模型研究

由于信息不对称的存在,商业信贷活动中的道德风险广泛存在于银行与企业之间,使得信贷配给成为一个普遍的现象。本文在前人理论的基础上,建立不完全信息条件下的零售信贷配给模型,分析在信息不完全、不对称的条件下,信贷配给的形成机理,进而分析信息不对称对银行零售信贷成本的影响,为缓解零售信贷配给问题提供有益的思路。     

基于商业银行风险防范的中小企业融资模式创新研究

信贷配给制约着中小企业的融资,引入抵押品机制后可以筛选出不同风险类型的借款者,扩大商业银行的授信范围.但某些中小企业缺乏有效足值的抵押品,商业银行为了进一步减轻信贷配给的影响,应积极开展供应链金融业务.通过减少业务中的信息不对称以及运用显性担保和隐性担保机理,可以有效控制银行的信用风险,并且为中小企业开拓一个新的融资模式.     

Credit rationing and firm exports: Microeconomic evidence from small and medium‐sized enterprises in China

This paper examines the effect of credit rationing on export performance by small and medium‐sized firms in China. We use a detailed firm‐level data provided by the Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises Dynamic Survey (SMEDS) during 2015–16 to conduct this analysis. The SMEDS provides firm‐specific measures of credit rationing based directly on firm‐level responses to the survey rather than indirect ones, based on firm‐level financial statements. We find that, at the extensive margin, weak and strong credit rationing reduces export probability of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) by 15.1% and 39.6%, respectively. At the intensive margin, they decrease SMEs' export values by more than 20.0% and over 28.8%, respectively. Different than existing literature, we construct valid firm‐level instruments, firm‐level housing stock, for credit rationing rather than using province‐level instruments. We also employ county‐industry‐level instruments and obtain consistent estimates. In addition, credit rationing exhibits heterogeneous impacts on firms with different liquidity ratios, product portfolios, external collateral and capital utilisation rates.     

Credit granting to small firms: A Brazilian case

Transaction costs limit the supply of credit to small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). From a sample of 65,535 SME credit proposals submitted to a large Brazilian bank between January 2004 and September 2006, this research analyzes credit granting decisions. Results suggest that small firms face credit rationing and that low risk credit contracts with liquid collateral are their primary source of credit. Also, the bank captures private information through its lending relationships with borrowers, which affects its credit granting decisions. The findings reveal that the bank under study faces difficulties in expanding the supply of credit to small firms mainly because of cost, collateral-dependency and constraints due to asymmetric information.     

互联网金融服务于中小微企业探析

2014年阿里巴巴在纽约证券交易所的正式上市,我国互联网金融企业迎来了一个春天。互联网涉猎于金融行业相关的服务及产品之中。互联网金融的发展在一定程度上促进了相关金融行业的整体发展,实现了相关服务信息的透明化和公开化。一方面,中小微企业相关金融服务存在融资的手续繁琐,成本相对较高,信贷配给量过低,融资渠道单一;另一方面,互联网金融实现了小额信贷的规模化和金融服务的订单化,保证了低成本服务的覆盖面积,实现了融资模式的创新。     

资产规模、融资路径与商业信用供给

现有文献就企业规模对企业商业信用供给有不同的研究结论,说明这一方面的研究还有待完善。本文结合数理模型和实证研究,分析不同企业规模下,融资路径不同对企业商业信用供给的影响。研究发现,我国中小企业在发展未达到一定规模之前,受市场竞争劣势影响,需要提供大量商业信用来维持市场生存和发展,而此时由于我国金融系统对中小企业的信贷歧视,获得银行信贷支持比较少,因此需要大量的商业信用融资来支持商业信用提供。随着商业信用融资的增加,融资成本提高,最终导致商业信用提供力度逐步下降。当企业发展超出一定规模后,银行信贷支持逐步增强,企业可以用银行信用替代成本更高的商业信用融资,导致商业信用融资逐步下降,同时也使得企业提供商业信用的能力上升。文章研究结论表明,商业信用提供与企业规模之间的关系不是简单的线性关系,而是一个二次函数关系。     

银行与企业征信体系的博弈分析

在企业征信体系建立过程中,银行与企业的关系在一定程度上影响企业征信体系。从博弈论的角度,运用纳什均衡理论分别对大企业和中小企业同银行的博弈关系进行分析。在现行的制度条件下,企业在与银行进行博弈的最优策略是失信;同时,在重复性博弈的条件下,银行与企业双方的合作可以通过建立企业征信体系这样的信誉机制实现,并在银行和企业征信体系建立过程中起到指导作用。     

Effect of the Number of Banking Relationships on Credit Availability: Evidence from Panel Data of Spanish Small Firms

This paper investigates how the choice between single or multiple banking relationships affects credit availability for a complete panel of small and medium-sized Spanish firms. The results seem to indicate the existence of rationing, since a substitution relation has been found between trade and bank credit. We also analyse the relationship between the level of indebtedness and the interest rate for each group of firms. The results show that those SMEs that work with fewer financial intermediaries obtain fewer funds for the same increase in the interest rate, which indicates that these companies have more financial restraints.     

The Interdependence between Trade Credit and Bank Lending: Commitment in Intermediary Firm Relationships

This study investigates the interdependence between trade and bank credit among 468 Portuguese small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The results show that a single bank relationship is prevalent among Portuguese SMEs, indicating that the proprietary borrower information that banks obtain through their relationship results in an information monopoly that creates a holdup problem and leads to high interest rates. Suppliers that can control their customers' credit risk may provide additional credit and thus help alleviate concerns associated with holdup costs. Trade credit is a viable alternative to short‐term debt, especially when firms' main bank is unwilling to increase its exposure to liquidity constraints.     

Trade Credit,Bank Credit,and Flight to Quality: Evidence from French SMEs

This paper investigates the impact of the global financial crisis on the allocation of credit to small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Using samples of French SMEs from four industries, we found support for the prediction of the flight‐to‐quality hypothesis that in bad times, credit flows away from smaller constrained firms to larger, higher grade firms. We also examined the relation between bank credit and trade credit in terms of two hypotheses: the substitution hypothesis and the complementary hypothesis. The results of fixed effects panel regressions showed that trade credit for small firms during periods of tight money acts generally as complement rather than substitute to bank credit, thus providing empirical support for the redistribution view of trade credit.     

Liquidity Constraint on the Production of Firms in Southern Italy

The paper shows how small and medium enterprises located in the less developed regions of Southern Italy face higher liquidity constraints compared to the firms in the Central-Northern Italian regions. The reasons for these constraints are the undersized nature of firms and higher risk of business activity. Consequently, credit rationing is more extensive. In order to analyse the effects on the potential growth of firms’ production, a simple model is presented, followed by estimates for growth. The results confirm the existence of a bottleneck of financial resources devoted to current finance production that limits the accumulation of working capital even when faced with favourable market opportunities.     

我国P2P小额信贷平台效率研究

资本对企业发展所处的地位,决定了P2P网络信贷对中国经济的重要影响。在宏观上它促进了国内资本的优化配置,丰富了老百姓的投资选择。它是对银行信贷配给制度的一种补充。然而很少有文章从定量的角度分析P2P网络信贷平台的运行效率。因此,文章从此视角出发,通过DEA模型对中国22家知名P2P小额贷款公司进行了效率分析,让我们更清楚地了解目前我国贷款平台规模报酬及纯技术效率所处水平,进而提出一些建议及对策,为进一步研究P2P网络信贷平台打下基础。