Work context and employee behaviour as antecedents for intrapreneurship

Intrapreneurial employees and intrapreneurial projects are considered to be an important driver of innovation and strategic renewal within companies. While many studies addressed the top-down implementation of innovative projects, analyses of employee initiatives in promoting innovation within companies are scarce. This paper therefore takes a bottom-up approach and focuses on employee behaviour and how it can be stimulated towards intrapreneurship. We propose and test a two-step model where formal and informal work context affects employees’ intrapreneurial behaviour, which then provides the basis for bottom-up initiated intrapreneurial projects. Our empirical data consist of questionnaire responses of 176 employees in six Dutch companies. The results of structural equation model estimations indicate that formal organisational factors (horizontal participation, resource availability) affect employees’ intrapreneurial behaviour, but also highlight informal factors such as trust in the direct manager. We also find that innovativeness and personal initiative, but not risk taking, play a role for an effective translation of employees’ behaviour into intrapreneurial projects.     

The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on intrapreneurship

Managers play a vital role in encouraging and supporting the initiatives of individual employees to explore new opportunities, to develop new products or to improve work procedures for the benefit of the organization. This study examines the influence of manager leadership styles on employee intrapreneurial behavior and the mediating role of organizational identification. Partial Least Squares modeling was used to analyze the data from 186 employees belonging to several Spanish public and private organizations. The results show that transformational leadership has a positive impact on employee intrapreneurial behavior, whereas transactional leadership negatively influences it. Furthermore, these effects are found to be partially mediated by organizational identification.     

Building External Corporate Venturing Capability*

ABSTRACT How firms build new capabilities to adapt to changing environments is at the core of strategic management. However, research has addressed this question only recently. In this paper, I propose a model that describes how firms develop a capability to create and develop ventures through corporate venture capital, alliances, and acquisitions. The model is based on two longitudinal case studies of large corporations operating in the information and communication technology sector in Europe. At the core of this model are learning processes that enable the firm to build up an external corporate venturing capability, by utilizing learning strategies both within and outside venturing relationships. To build this new capability, firms engage in acquisitive learning. Critical to deepening the capability acquired is adaptation of all knowledge to the firm specific context through experiential learning mechanisms. I also discuss the important role that initial conditions and knowledge management practices play in determining the direction and effectiveness of specific learning processes that lead to an external corporate venturing capability.     

External corporate venturing modes as new way to develop dynamic capabilities

Today, firms encounter scarce resources and rapid technology change which render formerly successful business models obsolete. Research shows that some firms perform better than others in continuously discovering, evaluating, and exploiting opportunities in volatile environments and that this is dependent on firm’s dynamic capabilities. Besides obtaining dynamic capabilities through internal R&D activities, firms have open up their innovation process to pursue dynamic capabilities outside their organizational boundaries through external corporate venturing by accessing startup's technological capabilities necessary to innovate. External corporate venturing is a means to develop new distinctive capabilities and businesses by exploring and exploiting business opportunities outside a firm’s existing boundaries. Drawing on the dynamic capability literature, we use a multiple case study approach to examine the contribution of external corporate venturing to firms’ dynamic capabilities. Our results reveal that firms indeed use corporate venturing to identify and exploit startup’s technological knowledge and competencies to increase firm’s dynamic capabilities. But our empirical data also shows that not every firm is fully profiting from all dynamic capability phases as their corporate venturing modes are not linked with each other and cumulative effects are not realized.     

How and when matter: Exploring the interaction effects of high‐performance work systems,employee participation,and human capital on organizational innovation

Existing research on the relationship between high‐performance work systems (HPWS) and organizational innovation has paid insufficient attention to the boundary effects of employee participation and human capital. Bridging the human resource management (HRM) and employment relations literature, this study contributes to the contingency view of HRM and China‐specific research by investigating how human capital and employee participation, direct voice mechanism, and corporate governance participation jointly moderate the relationship between HPWS and organizational innovation. We test our three‐way interaction model using a sample of 108 firms and 1,250 employees in China. The results suggest that HPWS are positively associated with organizational innovation when employees with relatively less human capital are coupled with more direct voice mechanism or less corporate governance participation. In contrast, HPWS are negatively related to organizational innovation when employees possessing greater human capital are coupled with more direct voice mechanism. The theoretical and managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.     

Firm Productivity Moderated Link Between Human Capital and Compensation: The Significance of Task‐Specific Human Capital

The human capital of a firm as manifested by employee knowledge and experience represents a key resource of a firm's capabilities. Prior empirical studies have found that firms composed of high levels of human capital experience superior firm performance. Human capital theory proposes that an individual's general or firm‐specific human capital is positively related to compensation. However, empirical studies examining firm‐specific human capital's association with higher employee compensation have been inconclusive. The current study proposes that firm‐specific human capital be categorized as task‐specific and non‐task‐specific. Employees accumulate task‐specific human capital through duties conducted in their current position. Non‐task‐specific human capital represents experiences gained in prior positions to an employee's current job within the firm. Utilizing human capital data from 38,390 employees representing 76 firms in the IT sector, this study examines the association between forms of human capital and employee compensation at different levels of firm productivity. Results show that task‐specific human capital is associated with higher employee compensation. In addition, firm productivity moderates this association.     

企业慈善对员工态度与行为影响的跨案例研究

慈善是企业履行社会责任的最高级形式。随着战略慈善理念的兴起,慈善对企业自身的价值创造路径逐渐受到学者的青睐。针对现有研究主要从外部视角展开的局限性,本文另辟蹊径探究企业慈善对内部员工态度与行为的影响,运用跨案例研究方法,通过深度访谈和问卷调查4家慈善积极型企业和2家慈善消极型企业,比较后发现,企业慈善对员工工作投入、工作满意度、组织承诺、组织公民行为具有重要的促进作用,对员工的反生产行为具有抑制作用。相比之下,企业内部慈善比外部慈善更能够对员工发挥积极的影响作用。建议企业重视慈善的战略价值,在做好外部慈善的同时不应忽视内部慈善。     

Subcultures and sustainability practices: the impact on understanding corporate sustainability

In this paper we present findings of how employees from a single organization understand corporate sustainability. Responses from 255 survey participants indicate (1) that differences exist in how employees understand corporate sustainability and (2) that these differences can be partially explained by the presence of organizational subcultures and by differences in employee awareness of the organization's sustainability practices. In particular, findings reveal that employees from a subculture with a stronger emphasis on hierarchical and bureaucratic values emphasize an economic understanding of corporate sustainability. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

智力资本与企业战略绩效:基于中国上市公司的实证研究

基于企业资源观的分析框架,从促进企业竞争优势的稀缺战略资源特性出发,构建了智力资本贡献于企业战略绩效的关系模型。采用上市公司2006-2008年的相关数据,对智力资本与企业战略绩效之间的相关性进行了实证研究。研究结果显示物质资本与企业战略绩效显著正相关,人力资本对企业具有积极的价值创造作用,结构资本与企业战略绩效呈一定程度的正相关关系。     

Authentic leadership and intrapreneurial behavior: cross-level analysis of the mediator effect of organizational identification and empowerment

Intrapreneurial activity is positively associated with the organizational growth, and the factors that stimulate such behaviors need to be identified. The general goal of this work is to explore the relationship of authentic leadership with employees’ intrapreneurial behavior and the intervening processes. A correlational study was carried out with 212 employees of Spanish companies, in which two cross-level mediation hypotheses were tested. The results obtained indicate that employees’ organizational identification and organizational empowerment both mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and employees’ intrapreneurial behaviors. In this work, we note the importance of including authentic leadership as an antecedent of intrapreneurship.     

投桃何以报李:企业内外部社会责任对管家行为的影响机制研究

当员工感知到企业的善行,即企业善待员工或是积极履行对外部利益相关者的责任,是否会激发员工"舍己为公"的行为倾向,使其为了保护组织长远利益而牺牲个人短期利益呢?本研究依据社会交换和社会认同理论,通过524份有效样本进行实证分析,探讨员工感知的企业社会责任对"舍己为公"的管家行为的作用机制。结果表明,员工感知的内部和外部企业社会责任均正向影响员工的管家行为。责任知觉和道德认同分别在员工感知的内部企业社会责任与管家行为、员工感知的外部企业社会责任与管家行为间起中介作用,且责任知觉和道德认同的中介作用没有显著差异。     

商誉的构成要素:基于清算企业无形资本损耗的研究

关于商誉的构成要素,学界对此众说不一,本文以企业清算为研究背景,对企业清算中未予评估处理的无形资本进行了分析介绍,认为企业清算中损耗的无形资本包括:依附于企业的人力资本、企业的组织资本和企业的社会资本,并认为这些无形资本是构成企业商誉的要素,为理解商誉的价值源泉提供了一个新的角度。     

企业教练型领导与员工创新行为的实证研究

企业领导的行为对员工的工作状态和工作效率,甚至个人发展都有着重要的关联作用,而员工的自身发展对企业的发展又有着重要的影响。企业员工个人对企业的影响作用可以通过其创新能力,创新行为的实施表现出来。然而在企业员工的日常工作当中,员工的心理资本是影响其创新行为实施的重要因素。由此看来,企业领导的教练行为、企业员工的心理资本、企业员工的创新行为的实施,这三者之间有着密不可分的关系,对企业的发展也存在着深远影响。     

Translating corporate social performance into financial performance: exploring the moderating role of high-performance work practices

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of high-performance work practices (HPWPs) in helping to translate corporate social performance (CSP) into corporate financial performance (CFP). We employ arguments from the behavioral view of human resource management to highlight the vertical connection between a firm's proclivity for CSP and the management practices it adopts. Furthermore, we examine the moderating influence of HPWPs on the CSP–CFP linkage. Results suggest that HPWPs moderate the relationship between CSP and financial outcomes, and suggest that human resource practices may play an important role in enhancing a positive CSP–CFP relationship by helping to vertically align the behaviors of employees with the values and orientation of the organization.     

Exploring the landscape of corporate venture capital: a systematic review of the entrepreneurial and finance literature

The influence of corporate venture capital (CVC) investments within the venture capital industry, that is, equity stakes in high technology ventures, has stimulated the academic literature on this specific research area. Generally, CVC is strongly associated with the concept of corporate venturing and plays a vital role in the strategic renewal of established companies. Owing to the multifaceted nature of the CVC phenomenon, the existing literature is rather fragmented. Therefore, the purpose of this article is twofold: first, bibliographic coupling is introduced to the field of CVC to reveal the underlying structure of the current research front. Second, a content-related review is conducted to shed light on nascent research streams and shortcomings within the CVC literature that indicate promising avenues for future research. The systematic review of a comprehensive set of 65 articles reveals that the prevailing CVC literature is mainly driven by two dominant logics, management and finance, that tend to separate themselves from one another. Moreover, nascent research streams are identified that will broaden and enrich the academic discussion.     

人力资本的价值分配与企业创新

本文以2009~2017年沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究了企业价值分配结构中员工的分享比例对企业创新产出的影响。研究发现:价值分配结构中员工分享的比例(包括全部员工分享比例和剔除高管后的普通员工分享比例)越高,越有助于企业的创新产出,对发明专利、实用新型专利和外观设计专利均有促进作用。相对于国有企业,人力资本价值分配比例对企业创新产出的促进作用在非国有企业中更加显著。相对于低内控质量的企业,人力资本价值分配比例对企业创新产出的促进作用在高内部控制质量的企业中更加显著。进一步研究发现,人力资本价值分配比例的提高不仅对企业创新产出有促进作用,而且对企业创新效率也有促进作用。本文揭示了价值分配过程中对于员工的薪酬激励如何影响企业创新,为上市公司要素分配体系的设计提供了参考。     

Strategic HR system differentiation between jobs: The effects on firm performance and employee outcomes

The purpose of this research was to understand whether firms apply different human resource management systems to different occupations within the same organization (HR differentiation) and how the extent to which they do so may influence firm and employee outcomes. We conducted two studies pertaining to these questions. The first study was based on data collected from managers, and the results suggest that firms differentiate their HR investments based on the strategic value of occupations to the firm, which was further associated with the human capital of those occupations. Differentiation in human capital was also associated with firm performance. The second study was based on data obtained from nonmanagement employees. The findings indicated that employees who were recipients of less HR system investment had lower fairness perceptions, which were further associated with higher turnover intentions and lower organizational citizenship behavior. Although the evidence from these studies suggests that firms may realize benefits from strategic HR system differentiation, managers should carefully consider how to balance the effects of differentiation on firm performance and employee well‐being before implementing such systems.     

Corporate venturing and the rent cycle

This study views entrepreneurial rents as renewable opportunities and explores how firms can effectively utilize corporate venturing to create and sustain economic rents. Schumpeterian entrepreneurs create rents by harnessing corporate venturing to exploit attractive economic opportunities. The Schumpeterian rent is composed of Ricardian and Austrian rents. Ricardian rents result from unique and non-reproducible characteristics or competencies of the firm, and hence, are not appropriable by imitators. Conversely, Austrian rents, or economic profit, are subject to dissipation by imitators and attract entry by competitors or Austrian entrepreneurs until they are bid to zero or destroyed by another Schumpeterian innovation. In this formulation, Austrian entrepreneurs are modeled as infra-marginal rent seekers. Consequently, to sustain rents, firms must cycle between using corporate venturing to create or discover Schumpeterian entrepreneurial opportunities and using venturing as a mechanism to exploit existing rent generating opportunities.     

Development or maintenance? Dual-oriented human resource system,employee achievement motivation,and work well-being

Drawing on the person–organization fit theory, this study elaborates a dual-oriented human resource (HR) system and explores when and how two HR bundles (development vs. maintenance) influence work well-being. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 1,946 supervisors from a Chinese high-tech firm show that the dual-oriented HR model fits the data better than a holistic HR system. In another study with a multilevel sample of 64 corporate branches and 434 employees, the findings confirm the proposed joint effect of the dual-oriented HR system and achievement motivation on well-being. Specifically, development-oriented HR practices are more positively related to work well-being only when individual achievement motivation is high; by contrast, maintenance-oriented HR practices are more positively related to work well-being only when individual achievement motivation is low. Work meaning mediates these effects. These findings provide guidance on the effective design of HR practices.