集聚经济的空间演变及产业结构升级效应——基于长三角服务业的分析

以2002年至2012年长三角16个城市的服务业为例分析了集聚经济的空间演变及产业结构升级效应。基于散点图研究发现长三角服务业集聚经济存在空间相关性;基于条件散点图研究发现集聚经济对产业结构升级的影响存在区域差异,其中地方化经济的区域差异较小,城市化经济的区域差异较大;基于静态面板回归分析发现地方化经济对产业结构升级的影响显著为正,而城市化经济对产业结构升级的影响则显著为负;基于动态面板回归分析发现地方化经济对产业结构升级的长期影响依然为正,但有所减弱,而城市化经济对产业结构升级的长期影响为负。     

城市产业结构升级研究的趋势分析

国内外城市产业结构升级在驱动因素和升级机制方面呈现出一些普遍规律,大城市的产业结构升级是带动整个国家经济增长、人口流动和整体产业结构升级的关键力量。随着中国城市化进程的不断推进和新经济在城市的不断涌现,对城市产业结构升级的研究正受到越来越多学者的关注。中国的城市产业结构升级除普遍规律外还具有一定的特殊性,亟须该领域学者开展更扎实和深刻的理论研究与实践探索,从而提出可操作性强的政策建议。     

城市化与产业结构优化——基于湖南省的动态计量分析

在城市化与产业结构综合指标体系的基础上,通过建立VAR模型对城市化综合水平与产业结构相关指数的关系进行动态计量分析,结果表明:城市化综合水平对产业结构综合指数、产值结构综合指数、就业结构综合指数存在单向的因果关系;城市化与产值结构综合指数存在唯一的长期均衡关系,且对产值结构的影响短期内为正、长期为负.城市化综合水平对产业结构综合指数与就业结构综合指数无论从短期还是长期来看均具有持久的正向效应,并且其冲击长期内能解释产业结构预测误差的70%左右.城市化是促使湖南省产业结构由低级向高级演进的重要因素,整体上有利于产业结构优化升级.     

低碳城市规划建设的难点与关键问题剖析

在社会经济飞速发展的背景下,人类与生态环境、自然资源之间的矛盾越来越突出。在城市化进程持续深入的同时实施低碳发展模式,能有效减少资源浪费、降低环境压力,进而为城市可持续发展奠定基础。现阶段,低碳城市已成为促进城市产业结构升级、丰富城市功能的关键举措。由于低碳城市规划建设难度较大,文章对其中的难点进行了深入剖析,并提出了倡导建筑节能、提倡低碳交通、优化城市空间布局三条行之有效的解决对策,以供参考。     

武汉城市圈经济发展与产业结构调整

在经济增长与经济发展中,产业结构的调整始终是一个中心话题,而在城市经济与农村经济的发展中,城市化也总是一个论述的中心。事实上,产业结构调整与城市化的发展并不是两条毫无关系的平行轨迹。在产业结构的调整过程中,城市化推进对第一产业的优化、第二产业的提升以及对第三产业的带动作用十分明显,而产业结构的合理调整同样需要以城市为载体,以城市化为依托,并对城市化的发展起着积极的促进作用。本文运用数理统计等方法分析了武汉城市化水平与城市圈经济发展水平状况,并从武汉城市圈产业结构调整出发,提出了发展特色武汉城市圈经济的政策性建议。     

城市化与其产业支持

城市化与产业发展的正相关关系，不仅为发展经济学所证明，而且为中国和世界的发展所证明。产业结构的变化是城市兴衰的决定性因素。对我国来说，重视城市化发展过程中的产业支撑，根据产业结构的演进实施不同的城市化发展模式，尤为重要。     

中美两国城市贫困区位化比较研究

从产业结构、文化传统及制度创新等几个方面 ,对中美两国城市贫困区位化产生的原因、发展态势及其影响的异同进行了比较 ,以期为我国城市反贫困工作提供参考     

人口城市化与经济增长、产业结构间的动态关系——以江苏省为例

基于已有的研究理论和经验,采用VAR模型对江苏1980-2010年间人口城市化、经济增长及产业结构之间的关系进行了研究。实证结果表明:江苏的人口城市化与经济增长、产业升级间有长期的累积循环效应,但效应较弱;人口城市化有力地促进了经济增长,而经济增长对城市化的提携作用较小;经济增长能带来产业结构的明显提升,但产业结构优化对经济增长的影响是波动和滞后的;人口城市化与产业结构的互动性很弱,甚至两不相干。     

城市化加速发展期的特点及其社会影响——以19世纪末20世纪初德国城市化为例

19世纪末20世纪初德国城市化的特点主要表现为:城市人口增长与产业结构有密切的联系;各地区的城市化存在差异性;流动人口大量涌入城市不仅推动了城市化的发展,也使城市化呈现出大城市优先增长的规律。城市化的发展也改变了人们的生活方式,提高了人们的文化素质,同时城市功能与市政管理也向近代转型。     

东北地区产业结构升级城市化响应的历史路径及其驱动因素分析

综合分析东北地区产业结构升级城市化响应的历史路径,划分四个阶段,即自然经济发展与早期城镇发育阶段、近代工业结构形成与城市兴起阶段、重工业基地建设与城镇体系发展阶段以及现代产业结构演进与城市结构调整阶段。认为资源禀赋及其地域组合、交通区位条件变化、外部势力的介入、国家计划投资以及对外贸易与外商投资等是驱动东北地区产业结构升级城市化响应的历史变化的主要因素。     

现代服务业与城市转型关系的审视与思考

现代服务业发展与城市转型升级的对应关系,是后工业社会以来学界研究的重点问题。在综合考察国内外相关学者研究成果的基础上,对现代服务业发展与城市转型对应关系、互动关系进行了梳理,并探讨了现代服务业发展对城市化进程、城市转型的作用机制,提出了当前我国城市围绕转变发展方式的主线、以现代服务业的大发展来加速城市转型升级、构建服务经济体系的实践性对策。     

生态效率视角下建筑废弃物减排与利用的法律规制

生态效率是基于环境、经济系统相互关系的测评工具,同时兼顾了经济效益和环境效益.伴随着我国快速城市化的进程,建筑废弃物的大量产生和低效利用带来了严重的环境资源问题,背离了生态效率原则的要求.与美国、德国、日本等发达国家相比较,我国在依法规制建筑废弃物减排与利用方面还存在立法理念落后、专项立法欠缺、监管体制不合理、具体制度...     

Liquefied Natural Gas: Redefining Nature,Restructuring Geopolitics,Returning to the Periphery?

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry began as a means of making use of natural gas resources in socially remote regions and of natural gas associated with oil production. Natural gas was transformed from a waste product into LNG that could be moved thousands of miles to market, redefining “waste” as a valuable raw material. As the newest large-scale LNG exporter, the United States entered the LNG industry based on another redefinition of nature: the extraction of natural gas previously economically and technologically inaccessible in shale formations. Hydraulic fracturing and new drilling technologies have created reserves of natural gas that are driving down prices with excess production and provoking a search for new markets via LNG exports. Liquefied natural gas is reshaping economies, communities, industries, and ecosystems in the United States and in other parts of the world. This article analyzes the role of the LNG industry with a particular focus on the economic and geopolitical consequences for the United States. The United States is returning to its historical role of energy exporter. Some view the return to this role as an economic and geopolitical boon that will enhance the U.S. economy and the nation’s global standing. A contrasting interpretation sees the United States sliding into the extractive periphery, serving the energy demands of a growing China, much like the United States once did for Europe and especially Great Britain. This view condemns what it views as the exploitation of U.S. natural resources to meet China’s energy needs while leaving large areas of the United States with depleted resources, damaged ecosystems, and disrupted communities.     

Upward classism: Prejudice and stereotyping against the wealthy

While there are many studies of prejudice towards disadvantaged minorities, there has been little research into stereotypes of rich people. The author commissioned the first international comparative study to investigate popular attitudes towards rich people. He analyses findings from the United States, Great Britain, Germany, and France, and calculates a ‘Social Envy Coefficient’ for these four countries. Envy appears most pronounced in France, followed by Germany. By contrast, envy is significantly lower in the United States and Great Britain, although there are interesting variations by age. In addition, the study subjects a sample of popular international feature films and articles in German newspapers to detailed media content analysis. This analysis finds that rich individuals are predominantly portrayed as cold-hearted, profit-hungry and morally suspect.     

Gender Diversity on Boards and Firms’ Environmental Policy

This paper tests the relationship between gender diversity on boards and firms’ environmental policy. Based on prior research, we predict that gender diversity on boards of directors should have a positive relationship with firms’ environmental policy. Moreover, firm character in terms of pollution creation likelihood moderates the relationship between gender diversity on boards and firms’ environmental policy. Analyzing data from 865 publicly listed firms in the United States, we found direct and significant empirical evidence for our predictions. According to the findings, we highlight the importance of gender diversity for the development of good firm environmental policy as well as for the improvement of corporate governance. Moreover, the more likely firms in a given industry are to cause environmental pollution, the more salient will be the beneficial effect of gender diversity on boards on firms’ environmental policy in the industry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Going green,going clean: Lean‐green sustainability strategy and firm growth

Despite the widespread recognition of the paybacks of “going green” and “going clean,” limited research has focused on the impact of lean‐green strategy on firm growth. In this study, we contribute to strategy and environmental sustainability literatures by investigating the possibility that the influence on lean‐green strategy and firm growth is driven by different levels of industry competition, managerial power, and family ties. Using panel data from 732 firms in four major industrialized economies (the United States, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom), we found that lean‐green strategy positively relates to firm growth and this relationship is amplified at higher levels of competition, managerial power, and family ties. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are also discussed.     

论我国现代企业财务管理的目标选择

文章主要阐述了我国目前学术界存在的几种现代企业财务管理的目标,以及对这些财务管理目标的初步评价,举例比较了美国、德国、日本的财务管理目标的模式,最后指出我国财务管理目标的现实选择。     

Strategie Orientation and Export Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the linkage between strategic variables and the export performance of firms in the United States, Germany, and Japan. R&D Intensity, Capital Intensity, Average Collection Period, Debt Leverage, and Labor Productivity are used as measures of strategic variables. R&D intensity and Labor Productivity are found to have a strong and positive association with export performance in all three countries. Capital intensity and average collection period also have significant relationship with export performance in the United States and Japan, respectively.     

Industry Agglomerations and Employment Change in Non-Metropolitan Areas

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of industry agglomerations on industry-level employment change in non-metro areas of the United States. Regression analysis of cross-sectional data is used to estimate the determinants of non-metro 1981–1992 employment change for ten two-digit SIC manufacturing industries. Industry agglomerations in metro and non-metro areas are identified using cluster analysis. Area characteristics included in the regression equations are diversity of the local economy, industry mix, average plant size and availability of urbanization economies. The findings indicate that industry agglomerations were associated with both larger employment gains in areas with growing industry employment and larger employment losses for areas with declining employment. Neither regional specialization in the industry nor nearby metro agglomerations were significant determinants of employment change in non-metro areas.     

城市型社会背景下的城镇化:他国的经验与中国的选择

“十二五”期间,中国城市化率将突破50％,我国将加入城市型社会行列.本文通过对英国、美国、日本和巴西四个城市型国家城市化的考察,探究了城市型国家的共性特征.我国城镇化面临极其复杂的形势,应走质量型城市化道路,治理城市病,防止“被城市化”现象发生.