论中小企业的投资策略

中小企业是我国国民经济的重要力量,我国GDP的70％来自中小企业,全社会80％的劳动就业靠中小企业去解决。中小企业投资是中小企业经营管理的中心环节。文章从中小企业自身的实际出发,分析投资优势和弱点,提出中小企业的投资策略和新世纪适合投资的领域。     

我国中小企业融资难及其破解之道

近年来,我国中小企业发展迅速,但由于外部环境及中小企业自身的缺陷,融资难成为制约中小企业发展的＂瓶颈＂。为解决中小企业融资难问题,中小企业应从自身做起,提高经营管理水平和自身信誉。同时,政府还要改善金融服务体制,加大银行对中小企业的信贷支持和对中小企业的政策扶持,为中小企业营造良好的融资环境。     

关于加快中小企业发展的思考

中小企业在经济和社会发展中的作用越来越重要。要高度重视中小企业的发展 ,培育中小企业的核心竞争力 ,改善中小企业发展的相关环境 ,建立中小企业的社会化服务系统 ,以利中小企业发展壮大。     

国际化路径、技术创新与区域中小企业成长——基于省际面板数据的实证检验

利用2011-2015年中国省域层面的中小企业相关数据,构建了静态面板数据模型和动态面板数据模型,研究了中国区域中小企业的两条国际化路径(对外贸易和对外直接投资)对中小企业成长的影响,并探析了中小企业技术创新在对外贸易和对外直接投资影响中小企业成长过程中的中介作用。实证结果显示:中小企业对外贸易对中小企业成长具有显著的正向影响;中小企业对外直接投资对中小企业成长具有显著的负向影响;中小企业技术创新在中小企业国际化路径影响企业成长的过程中起中介作用。     

论中小企业信用制度内部机制的构建

目前我国中小企业普遍存在信用缺失问题,削弱了中小企业的竞争力,加大了金融风险,加剧了社会财富分配的不公,阻碍了市场化进程,严重地制约着中小企业的发展。中小企业信用不足的原因主要有封建宗族伦理思想的消极影响,中小企业对失信的危害和收益的价值认识不足,以及中小企业违约成本低,银行对中小企业的监管不够等等。要加强中小企业的信用必须先从内部入手,加强中小企业信用管理体系和中小企业信用文化制度的建设。     

中小企业成长机制分析

本文分析了中小企业成长的机制,针对我国中小企业成长的问题提出了对策。中小企业能够成长,在于它独具竞争优势、善于从不完全的和细分的市场中寻找成长机遇,具有规模经济的潜力。中小企业通过节约交易费用和组织管理费用而获得发展,借助于技术创新和技术扩散成长和政府改善成长环境。针对我国中小企业成长的问题,应采取集群发展战略,改善中小企业成长环境,实施中小企业成长战略,提升中小企业成长能力。     

关于培育和发展云南高新技术中小企业的思考

界定中小企业的范畴,正确贯彻执行《中小企业促进法》,有利于促进中小企业的健康发展。云南中小企业的状况相对滞后,发展云南中小企业的关键是培育和提升企业的技术创新力,尤其是培育和发展一批高新技术中小企业,这就需要我们认真贯彻执行《中小企业促进法》,采取积极措施优化环境、推动创新、重点扶持、落实优惠、保证服务,为云南高新技术中小企业的创业和发展创造一个优良的法治环境。     

湖南中小企业集群发展

中小企业集群是中小企业可持续发展的必由之路,是提升产业和区域竞争力的重要手段。发展中小企业集群是湖南实现“三化”和迅速崛起的重要支撑。目前,湖南中小企业集群正处于发育阶段,虽然具备中小企业集群发展的基础和条件,但也存在不少问题。最后提出了中小企业集群发展对策。     

论我国中小企业的融资机制

伴随我国经济体制改革的不断深化 ,中小企业在国民经济中的地位和作用越来越突出。但是 ,由于中小企业自身及外部环境等诸多原因 ,导致中小企业融资困难 ,直接制约了中小企业的顺利发展。为此 ,应构建和完善我国中小企业的融资机制 ,包括直接融资机制和间接融资机制 ,开辟中小企业的融资渠道。     

吉林省中小企业发展中的金融支持研究——结合台湾地区模式的实证分析

中小企业融资难已成为制约吉林省中小企业发展壮大的主要因素之一。本文对吉林省地方商业银行在中小企业发展中存在的金融支持问题进行分析,并结合台湾中小企业融资机制和台湾地方商业银行推进中小企业发展中的作用,借鉴台湾和江浙地区的经验,通过比较研究,时吉林省地方商业银行对中小企业金融支持的路径进行探索,旨在尽快解决中小企业融资难问题,促进吉林省中小企业迅速发展。     

我国中小企业信息化建设的制约因素与对策分析

当前,我国中小企业信息化建设没有得到长足发展,究其原因,主要是由于中小企业对信息化建设的认识仍存在不足与偏差、缺乏相应的政策、法规以及融资难、贷款难、负税重和信息化技术人才匮乏等因素的制约。为此,我们应采取相应对策,以促进我国中小企业信息化的发展。     

欧债危机后发达国家税制改革趋势及对中国的启示

欧债危机后,发达国家依靠紧缩的财政政策来弥补巨大的财政赤字和政府债务,各国也进入到了增税周期。发达国家通过强化税制公平、开征银行税、为中小企业和创新企业减税和加强征管的方法来增加税收收入。经济全球化下中国应顺应世界税制改革的趋势,借鉴成功经验完善中国的税收制度。同时一国的宏观经济形势是税制改革的基础,任何税制改革都不应脱离本国的实际情况。     

Does it pay firms to register for taxes? The impact of formality on firm profitability

This paper estimates the impact of registering for taxes on firm profits in Bolivia, the country with the highest levels of informality in Latin America. A new survey of micro and small firms enables us to control for a rich set of measures of owner ability and business motivations that can affect both profits and the decision to formalize. We identify the impact of tax registration on business profitability using the distance of a firm from the tax office where registration occurs, conditional on the distance to the city center, as an instrument for registration. Proximity to the tax office provides firms with more information about registration, but is argued to not directly affect profits. We find tax registration leads to significantly higher profits for the firms that the instrument affects. However, we also find some evidence of heterogeneous effects of tax formality on profits. Tax registration appears to increase profits for the mid-sized firms in our sample, but to lower profits for both the marginal smaller and larger firms, in contrast to the standard view that formality increases profits. We show that owners of large firms who have managed to stay informal are of higher entrepreneurial ability than formal firm owners, in contrast to the standard view (correct among smaller firms) that informal firm owners are low ability.     

微笑曲线与中小制造企业商业模式的转变

2008年,国际国内经济环境发生了巨大变化,国外贸易壁垒增加,国内生产成本的变化、人民币持续升值、国家金融和税收政策调整等,使得处于微笑曲线底部的中小制造企业面临严峻的考验。本文结合对微笑曲线的讨论。研究中小制造企业商业模式的转型,讨论中小制造企业可持续发展的方向。     

International Asset Trade,Capital Income Taxation,and Specialization Patterns

This paper constructs a small economy version of dynamic Heckscher‐Ohlin models with overlapping generations and analyzes effects of capital income taxation on the specialization pattern of the country. It is shown that once international asset trade is allowed, in the presence of international technological asymmetries, a small country eventually leads to perfect specialization in our overlapping generations model. It is also shown that the residence‐based tax has no effect on the specialization pattern while the source‐based tax has a negative effect on capital accumulation and thereby it can affect the specialization pattern of the small country.     

关于增值税会计的几点思考

增值税是对商品生产和流通中各环节的增值额进行征税。按照增值税对购进固定资产所含进项税额扣除时间的不同,分为生产型、收入型和消费型。我国自1994年实施税制改革以来,有关增值税会计的问题一直是人们议论较多的话题,这除了因税收法规的不断变化而对会计产生的影响以外,主要原因还在于人们对增值税会计属性的认识以及在实际工作上所存在的财务会计与税务会计的矛盾所致。针对日常业务的几个比较难以理解的问题,提出自观点和看法。     

个人所得税的累进性与再分配效应——以湖北省为例

以湖北省城镇调查数据为分析对象,以指数为工具,本文实证考察了我国个人所得税的累进性及再分配效应。得到的结论是我国个人所得税再分配效应很弱,但其原因并不在于税收的实际累进性小,而在于个人所得税的平均税率低,税收规模很小。同时,在各类收入中,工资性收入的个人所得税累进性很强,经营性收入及财产性收入的个人所得税累进性较差,甚至出现累退性。提高个人所得税规模、加强对经营性收入及财产性收入的税收征管、以家庭为单位征收是个人所得税进一步改革的方向。     

CAN STATE TAX POLICIES BE USED TO GROW SMALL AND LARGE BUSINESSES?

The existing literature studying the relationship between small business activity and U.S. state tax policy has focused primarily on a few measures of small business. We expand this literature by estimating the effect of state tax policy on small businesses by using broader measures of small business activity using a longitudinal dataset for the U.S. states. We also estimate the relationship between state tax policy and large business activity. Results provide evidence that state tax policy can influence small business firm, establishment, payroll, and employment growth in important ways but provide limited evidence that such policy significantly influences large business growth. (JEL H2, H7, R1)     

浅析我国地方税制运行情况与存在问题

随着1994年分税制改革的实施,我国初步建立了现行的地方税收制度。但由于受到当时的社会政治、经济条件的限制,分税制改革还带有明显的过渡性质,地方税制的设计与建设方面也就难免存在一定的缺陷。通过分析我国现行地方税制的运行情况以及地方税收入对地方财力的满足程度,提出我国现行地方税制存在的一些具体问题,希望在新一轮地方税制的改革中能引起足够的关注和重视,为尽快建立健全规范、完善、相对独立的地方税制贡献一份薄力。     

The relationship between tax rates and tax revenues in eurozone member countries - exploring the Laffer curve

We estimate Laffer Curves for direct and indirect taxes for each Eurozone country, using panel data from 1995 to 2011, by means of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models. We choose the three taxes that contribute the most to the government tax revenue: the value added tax (VAT), the corporate income tax (CT), and the labour income tax (LT). From our estimated significant parameters, which have the expected signs according to the Laffer Curve theory, we obtained a maximum/optimal tax rate for VAT for Greece, Portugal, and Slovakia and for the majority of the Eurozone countries for direct taxes. We also take into consideration the business cycle. Many countries do not present differences in regime, and when they do, the optimal tax rate is higher during recessions. Finally, we compare the observed tax rates in 2012 to the estimated optimal tax rates, to assess if the 2012 policy was located at the prohibitive range of the Laffer Curve. Our results are important for the discussions about fiscal discipline and harmonization in the Eurozone, since they exhibit important disparities between countries and taxes. We can see that, especially for CT and LT, there is a strong divide between the values of the optimal maximum tax rates for Eastern European countries and Western European economies. Additionally, the economic and financial conditions of each country also influence the value for the tax rate.